Hórreo
{{Short description|Granery in northeastern Iberian peninsula}}
{{Italic title}}
File:Hórreo en Sietes.jpg hórreo]]
File:Horreo-Gonzar-Galicia-2010.jpg]]
An hórreo is a typical granary from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Asturias, Galicia, where it might be called a Galician granary, and Northern Portugal), built in wood or stone, raised from the ground (to keep rodents and water out) by pillars ({{lang|ast|pegollos}} in Asturian and Cantabrian, {{lang|gl|esteos}} in Galician, {{lang|pt|espigueiros}} in Portuguese, {{lang|eu|abearriak}} in Basque) ending in flat staddle stones (vira-ratos in Galician, mueles or tornarratos in Asturian, or zubiluzea in Basque) to prevent access by rodents. Ventilation is allowed by the slits in its walls.
Names
In some areas, hórreos are known as horriu, {{lang|ast|horru}}, (Asturian), {{lang|roa|horriu}} (Leonese), {{lang|roa|hurriu}} (Cantabrian), hórreo, paneira, canastro, piorno, cabazo (Galician), {{lang|pt|espigueiro}}, {{lang|pt|canastro}}, {{lang|pt|caniço}}, {{lang|pt|hórreo}} (Portuguese), {{lang|eu|garea}}, {{lang|eu|garaia}}, {{lang|eu|garaixea}} (Basque).{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/raccard|title = RACCARD : Définition de RACCARD}}
Distribution
File:Cantiga de Santa Maria CLXXXVI - Horreos.jpeg (c. 1280)]]
Hórreos are mainly found in the Northwest of Spain (Asturias and Galicia) and Northern Portugal. There are two main types of hórreo, rectangular-shaped, the more extended, usually found in Galicia and coastal areas of Asturias; and square-shaped hórreos from Asturias, León, western Cantabria, and eastern Galicia.
Origins
The oldest document containing an image of an hórreo is the Cantigas de Santa Maria by Alfonso X "El Sabio" (song CLXXXVII) from the 13th century. In this depiction, three rectangular hórreos of gothic style are illustrated.Hórreo: granary (Spain), in Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World (Paul Oliver ed.), Vol. 1, Theories and Principles, pp. 713-714: "Not until the 13th century, in the 'Cantigas' of Alfonso X, was there confirmation of buildings that were morphologically similar to the basic Galician hórreos."
Types
There are several types of Asturian hórreo, according to the characteristics of the roof (thatched, tiled, slate, pitched or double pitched), the materials used for the pillars or the decoration. The oldest still standing date from the 15th century, and even nowadays they are built ex novo. There are an estimated 18,000 hórreos and paneras in Asturias, some are poorly preserved but there is a growing awareness from owners and authorities to maintain them in good shape.
The longest hórreo in Galicia is located in Carnota, A Coruña, and is {{convert|35|m|ft}} long.
Other similar granary structures include Asturian paneras (basically, big hórreos with more than four pillars), cabaceiras (Galician round basketwork hórreo), trojes or {{lang|es|trojs}} in Castile or silos.
File:Horreo Lluanco.png|alt=Hórreo in Lluanco, Asturias, Spain|Panera in Luanco, Asturias
File:Horrero.JPG|A Galician hórreo.
File:Carnota 084.JPG|Hórreo of Carnota, Galicia.
File:Horreo en Cosgaya, Cantabria.jpg|Hórreo from Cosgaya, Cantabria.
File:Hórreo tipo asturiano, O Piornedo.jpg|Hórreo from Piornedo, Galicia.
File:Hórreo da reitoral de Bealo, Boiro.jpg|Corn cobs inside an hórreo, Boiro, Galicia.
File:Horreodefonseca.jpg|Hórreo from Siero, Asturias.
File:Pegollo horreo eiros.jpg|Stone pillar (pegollu) standing on a footing stone (pilpayu) and capped with a staddle stone (muela).
Image:Staddle stones, Somerset Rural Life Museum.jpg|Building sitting on staddle stones, at the Somerset Rural Life Museum, similar to Iberian hórreos.
File:Hórreo Ortoño.jpg|Decorated granary in Ames.
File:Hórreo e prensa para facer sidra. Pazo da Hermida. Dodro.jpg|Brick granary in Dodro.
File:Hórreos de Combarro.jpg|Granary set in {{Interlanguage link multi|Combarro, Poio|gl|3=Combarro, Poio|lt=Combarro}}.
File:Soajo - Espigueiros.JPG|Stone granary in Portuguese {{Interlanguage link multi|Soajo|pt}}.
File:Hórreo de Carnota.jpg|Alvenary granary over pillars in {{Interlanguage link multi|San Mamede de Carnota, Carnota|gl|3=San Mamede de Carnota, Carnota|lt=Carnota}}.
File:Horreo de Lira, Carnota.jpg|Alvenary granary over pillars and slab in {{Interlanguage link multi|Lira, Carnota|gl|3=Lira, Carnota|lt=Lira}}.
File:Hórreo do Araño.jpg|Alvenary granary over barn in Rianxo.
File:Oroso hórreo.jpg|Mixed granary over masonry strains in Oroso.
File:Ponteulla Vedra Galicia 12.jpg|Wooden granary over masonry strains in Vedra.
File:Estayes l'horru.svg|Parts of the Asturian horru
Hórreo-like granaries in Europe
Similar granaries were common throughout Atlantic Europe: Northwest Iberian Peninsula, France, the British Isles, Scandinavia.
There are espigueiros or canastros in northern Portugal (the most famous concentration is located in Soajo).
French Savoy has its regard, also encountered in the Swiss Valais (raccard) and the Italian Aosta Valley (rascard). Norway has its stabbur, Sweden its härbre or more precisely stolphärbre or {{lang|no|stolpbod}}. Hambars are found in the Balkans, and serender in northern Turkey.
Similar buildings (barns) on staddle stones are found in Southern England.
File:Soajo - Espigueiros.JPG|Espigueiros from Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal
File:Raccard.JPG|Raccards in Valais, Switzerland
File:Bautahaugen Samlinger, Bergsrud.jpg|Stabbur originally from Bergsrud in Sør-Aurdal, Norway later relocated to the Bautahaugen Samlinger
Image:Ambar 1.jpg|Ambar from 1888 in Banovci, Croatia during winter
Image:Ambar 2.jpg|Ambar from 1888 in Banovci, Croatia during summer
See also
References
External links
{{commons category|Hórreos}}
- [http://celticland.com/?page_id=7&album=6&gallery=16 Hórreo de Carnota]
- [http://es.slideshare.net/miguelssm/asturian-horreo-34457929 Asturian Hórreo]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCT5G8hGBKM Galician hórreos]
- [http://www.iberianature.com/material/horreos.htm Horreos in English]
- :es:Archivo:Santa fe navarra horreo jpg
- [http://pixgrove.blogspot.com/2011/08/horreo-singular-symbol-of-spain.html Nice collection of images of horreos.]
- [https://www.flickr.com/photos/51603732@N07/sets/72157626220683603/show/ Large collection of images of staddle stones/pillars]
{{coord missing|Spain}}
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Category:Buildings and structures in Asturias
Category:Buildings and structures in Galicia (Spain)
Category:Buildings and structures in Cantabria