HafenCity

{{Multiple issues|

{{Expand language|topic=Geography|langcode=de|otherarticle=Hamburg-HafenCity|date=March 2022}}

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{{Infobox German place

|name = HafenCity

|name_local =

|image_photo = Projekt Heißluftballon - Highflyer -IMG-1414.jpg

|image_caption = Aerial view of western HafenCity and Speicherstadt (2013)

|type = Quarter

|City = Hamburg

|state = Hamburg

|borough = Hamburg-Mitte

|coordinates = {{coord|53|32|30|N|9|59|36|E|region:DE-HH|display=inline,title}}

|pop_ref = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}

|population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|HafenCity}}

|population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}}

|area = 2.4

|elevation = 8

|area_code = 040

|licence = HH

|plantext = Location of HafenCity in Hamburg

|image_plan = HafenCity in HH.svg

|website = {{URL|http://www.hamburg.de/hafencity/|www.hamburg.de}}

}}

HafenCity ({{IPA|de|ˈhaːfn̩ˌsɪtiː|-|De-HafenCity.ogg}}) is a quarter in the borough of Hamburg-Mitte, Hamburg, Germany. It is located on the Elbe river island Grasbrook, on the former Port of Hamburg area. It was formally established in 2008 and also includes the historical Speicherstadt area, which since 2015 is an UNESCO World Heritage Site with the adjacent Kontorhausviertel. The main landmark of the HafenCity is the Elbphilharmonie concert hall.

In a narrower sense, HafenCity Hamburg is a project of urban regeneration where the "greater Grasbrook" area of the former Hamburg free port is being revitalised with new hotels, shops, office buildings, and residential areas. The project is considered the largest urban redevelopment project in Europe by landmass, at approximately {{convert|2.2|km2|ha}}. With the diminished economic importance of free ports in an era of European Union free trade, large container ships, and increased border security, the Hamburg free port was downsized,{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Rakin |date=2023-02-21 |title=Geopolitics impacts Port of Hamburg as container volume drops |url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/geopolitics-impacts-port-of-hamburg-as-container-volume-drops/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=Port Technology International |language=en-GB}} relieving the current HafenCity area of its restrictions. The ground-breaking ceremony was held on 20 June 2001, with the first quarter called "Am Dalmannkai/Sandtorkai", neighboring the Elbphilharmonie, completed in 2009.

When completely developed, the HafenCity area is projected to be home to about 12,000 people and the workplace of 40,000 people.

Demarcation

File:Phb dt 8309 Überseequartier.jpg

On 1 March 2008, HafenCity was declared to be a separate district through the Law Concerning the Spatial Division of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Gesetz über die räumliche Gliederung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg) - RäumGlG. It is composed of the former harbor of Großen Grasbrooks as well as the warehouse district on the islands of Kehrwieder and Wandrahm. Together, this borders the districts of Altstadt, Rothenburgsort, and the former district of Klostertor.{{cite web|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml;jsessionid=D88A91E5E217381CE32F7C90AE8644FB.jpc5?showdoccase=1&doc.id=jlr-RGlGHArahmen&doc.part=X&doc.origin=bs&st=lr|title=Landesrecht - Justiz - Portal Hamburg|website=Landesrecht.hamburg.de|access-date=30 September 2017}}

On 20 February 2007, a decree of the Senate established the exact border delineation of both parts of the new district. Just over four years earlier, on 1 January 2003, the area was removed from the duty-free zone of Hamburg to allow construction of housing and associated infrastructure.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

=Speicherstadt=

Because of the new division, the Speicherstadt (Warehouse District) now belongs to the administrative region of the northern part of HafenCity instead of part of the Altstadt. However, the term HafenCity is primarily used to refer to the area of city development, whereas Speicherstadt is seen as a separate quarter.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

History

File:HafenCity Traditionsschiffhafen Sandtorkai Hamburg 3943 v3.jpg

The land of the former island of Grasbrook, upon which the HafenCity is built, lay until the beginning of the 19th century outside of the city gates. The city fortifications used to run along what is now the street of Am Sandtorkai. The residential areas of Kehrwieder and Wandrahm were inside the walls, in the area of the current HafenCity. Outside the city walls, the boggy areas were used as meadows, and the western end of Große Grasbrook was used a place for executions, including those of pirates Klaus Störtebeker and the Victual Brothers. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, shipyards and port businesses operated here. In 1844, the first gasworks in Hamburg were built on the northern part of the island.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

When the capacity of the Binnenhafen (de) and Niederhafen (de) ports became full at the end of the 19th century, the city walls were demolished and the area of Grasbrook was used to extend the harbor area. In 1868, the first artificial dock was constructed at Sandtorhafen, and in 1881, the Grasbrookhafen was added. The Strandhafen was built directly on the Norderelbe, the Magdeburger Hafen, Brooktorhafen, and Ericusgraben were made to connect to the Oberhafen, and, finally, the Baakenhafen was built with a rail connection to the Hamburger Elbbrücken (de) bridges and the Kirchenpauerhafen with anchorage on the Elbe. Until 1886, the entire island was built up with docks and port installations.

In 1872, the Hamburg Hanover railway station (de) was constructed on Lohseplatz east of the Magdeburger Hafen. The Kehrwieder and Wandrahm residential quarters were demolished in 1883 to allow construction of the customs and duty-free zone of the Port of Hamburg, displacing around 20,000 residents. In 1888, the Warehouse District (Speicherstadt) could then be built in this area. Kaispeicher B was built in 1878 and the administration building of the old port authority (Altes Hafenamt) was built in 1885 at the Magdeburger Hafen. Around the start of the 20th century, the first heated fruit storehouses were constructed, and in 1928, a refrigerated herring warehouse designed by Fritz Schumacher was built.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

Culture and education

File:Niederbaum Hochhäuser.jpg around the Kehrwiederspitze; Elbphilharmonie visible in the background]] The city of Hamburg built the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall on top of an old warehouse, as HafenCity's centerpiece. It is a new landmark for the city, but has been plagued by vast cost overruns and its construction was completed six years behind schedule. It was opened on 11 January 2017.{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,5460320,00.html|title=Hamburg's unfinished concert hall becomes a political failure - Arts|website=DW.COM|access-date=30 September 2017}}

The area is served by the Katharinenschule, an elementary school.{{cite web|url=http://www.hafencity.com/en/press-releases/katharinenschule-opens-in-hafencity.html|title=HafenCity Hamburg - Katharinenschule opens in HafenCity|website=Hafencity.com|access-date=30 September 2017|archive-date=5 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205060730/https://www.hafencity.com/en/press-releases/katharinenschule-opens-in-hafencity.html|url-status=dead}} It is also the home of HafenCity University, a new school focusing on architecture and urban planning.[http://www.urbika.com/projects/view/929-hafencity-university] {{dead link|date=October 2017}}

Politics

These are the results of HafenCity in the Hamburg state election:

class="wikitable zebra"

class="hintergrundfarbe5"

! State Election

! SPD

! Greens

! CDU

! FDP

! Left

! AfD

! Others

2020

|32,3 %

|28,1 %

|13,4 %

|11,6 %

|{{0}}5,6 %

|{{0}}3,8 %

|{{0}}5,2 %

2015

|43,4 %

|{{0}}9,9 %

|15,5 %

|20,6 %

|{{0}}4,6 %

|{{0}}4,1 %

|{{0}}1,9 %

2011

|39,7 %

|12,0 %

|27,1 %

|16,0 %

|{{0}}1,1 %

|align="center"| –

|{{0}}4,1 %

2008

|15,7 %

|12,2 %

|61,6 %

|{{0}}9,8 %

|{{0}}0,4 %

|align="center"| –

|{{0}}0,3 %

Economy

The area is currently home to the German headquarters of Kühne & Nagel, an international shipping conglomerate, the Spiegel Group's new headquarters on the Ericusspitze, and Unilever.{{cite web|url=http://www.unilever.com/mediacentre/news/unileverHausHamburgopensforbusiness.aspx|title=News|website=Unilever.com|access-date=30 September 2017|archive-date=10 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910130634/http://www.unilever.com/mediacentre/news/unileverHausHamburgopensforbusiness.aspx|url-status=dead}} Greenpeace opened its new headquarters in Hafencity in 2011. The Hamburg-America Center opened its doors in 2009.{{cite web|url=http://www.hafencity.com/print.php?type=artikel&language=en&id=26|title=HafenCity Hamburg|website=Hafencity.com|access-date=30 September 2017|archive-date=3 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003194917/http://www.hafencity.com/print.php?type=artikel&language=en&id=26|url-status=dead}}

Transport and Infrastructure

At Strandkai, cruise ships can berth at Hamburg Cruise Center HafenCity.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

File:DT4 U-Bahn U4 Überseequartier - 3928-df3.jpg

The area is served by a newly constructed underground line, the U4, which was completed in 2012. The line features two new stations: Überseequartier and HafenCity Universität.{{cite web |url=http://www.hafencity.com/index.php?set_language=en&cccpage=staedtebau_artikel&show=artikel&item=81&number=3 |title=Infrastructure |publisher=HafenCity Hamburg GmbH |access-date=2009-08-26 |archive-date=2011-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003194802/http://www.hafencity.com/index.php?set_language=en&cccpage=staedtebau_artikel&show=artikel&item=81&number=3 |url-status=dead }}

Flood protection innovations

Because HafenCity is subject to periodic flooding from storm surges, using innovative flood protection technologies has been an important part of its redevelopment. The threat from flooding is even more grave due to the predicted effects of climate change.

While dikes were initially considered to shield the islands from storm surges, it would have been impossibly expensive and taken away from the view. Instead, there are strict flood-protection rules in places within the special development zone, such as requiring new roads and public spaces to be built on sand terraces over {{convert|25|ft}} above the normal high-tide line.

Buildings along the shore remain at their original level but must be waterproofed up to the elevated-road level. In addition, shore-adjacent buildings are required to have an entryway allowing access to the {{convert|25|ft|adj=on}}-high road level so that they remain accessible during times of flooding. Although the design has been expensive, it has been recognized as one of the more innovative flood protection measures in use today.{{Cite web|title = A Tale of Two Northern European Cities: Meeting the Challenges of Sea Level Rise by Daniel Grossman: Yale Environment 360|url = http://e360.yale.edu/feature/a_tale_of_two_northern_european_cities_meeting_the_challenges_of_sea_level_rise/2926/|website = e360.yale.edu|access-date = 2015-12-18}}

Construction work and work accidents

File:Hamburg, HafenCity, Elbphilharmonie -- 2016 -- 3051.jpg in 2016]]

To build Hafencity, over 1,000 people have been working on various construction sites since 2016. Many construction companies use subcontractors for individual construction phases. Many workers come from Southeast and Eastern Europe.

Since construction, there have been several serious accidents on the construction sites.{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Gasflaschen explodieren bei Brand auf einer Baustelle in der Hafencity |url=https://www.stern.de/panorama/hamburg--gasflaschen-explodieren-auf-einer-baustelle-in-der-hafencity-33546108.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=stern.de |language=de}}{{Cite news |date=2023-10-30 |title=Hamburger HafenCity: Feuerwehr entdeckt nach tödlichem Baustellenunfall weiteren Toten |language=de |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/hamburger-hafencity-feuerwehr-entdeckt-nach-toedlichem-baustellenunfall-weiteren-toten-a-a139c494-b29c-4680-b3ce-886bb9c515c7 |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=2195-1349}} The most serious occurred in October 2023. When scaffolding extending over eight floors collapsed on October 30, 2023 in the Überseequartier (Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield), five people died.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Hamburg: Viertes Todesopfer nach Unfall geborgen |url=https://www.swr3.de/aktuell/nachrichten/geruest-einsturz-tote-baustelle-hamburg-104.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=SWR3 |language=de}}

References

Bibliography

Act of the areal organisation, 6 July 2006. [https://www.juris.de/jportal/prev/jlr-RGlGHApP2 Gesetz über die räumliche Gliederung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg (RäumGlG)] {{in lang|de}}.