Han Groenewegen

File:Schiedam kerk rijnstraat.jpg

Han Groenewegen worked in the Hague as a freelance architect from 1920 to 1927.{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=72}} Before establishing his own firm, he used to work for the contractor R. Rutgers in the Hague.{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=109}} One of his few works in the Netherlands is the Church of the Holy Heart of Jesus in Schiedam. During the Great Depression, Groenewegen left the Netherlands to establish his own new firm in the Dutch East Indies.{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=72}} Many other architects were left for the Indies during the period, e.g. Albert Aalbers. Groenewegen arrived in Medan (on the island of Sumatra) in 1927 to work on the plan for a hospital, the St. Elisabeth's Hospital (1929-1930).{{sfn|Leushuis|2011|p=67}} He was active in Medan from 1927 to 1942 to work for the Oostkust.{{sfn|Loderichs|1997|p=25}} Like Schoemaker for the city of Bandung, Gronewegen can be considered as representative of modernist Nieuwe Bouwen in Medan.{{sfn|Loderichs|1997|p=25}} Among Groenewegen's extensive portfolio in Medan are the expansion of Medan Cathedral (1928),{{Cite web|url=http://kekunaan.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/gereja-katedral-santa-maria-tak-bernoda.html|title = Gereja Katedral Santa Maria Tak Bernoda Asal}} Arnhem Insurance (now the Museum of TNI Struggles, 1930), the Roman Catholic Chinese church in Polonia (1934),{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=72}} Princess Beatrix School (now Immanuel Christian School, 1938),{{sfn|Loderichs|1997|p=25}} Medan swimming pool (1939),{{sfn|Loderichs|1997|p=122}}{{cite web |url=http://colonialarchitecture.eu/obj?sq=id%3Abt%3A173 |title=Zwembad Medan |author= |date=2016 |website=Colonial architecture & townplanning |publisher=TU Delft |language=nl |trans-title=Medan Swimming Pool |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403092952/http://colonialarchitecture.eu/obj?sq=id%3Abt%3A173 |archive-date=April 3, 2016 |access-date=April 3, 2016 |url-status=dead }} and Oranjeschool (1941).{{sfn|Loderichs|1997|p=25}} Unlike many of his colleagues, however, Groenewegen remained in Indonesia following the independence of the country.

After the war, Groenewegen moved to Jakarta from 1947. Shortly after the war, he worked on the central reconstruction plans.{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=72}} One of the first buildings designed by Groenewegen in Jakarta is the Menteng Cinema in Javaweg (1949-1950, now demolished).{{sfn|Gemeentemuseum Helmond|1990|p=32-3}} Other designs in Jakarta are the houses for the Java Bank (1952), Sumber Waras hospital in Grogol (1957), a crematorium (1958) and the Dutch embassy and chancery (1960 and 1966). From 1957, Groenewegen worked in association with Indonesian architect F. Silaban, e.g. for Bank Indonesia in Jakarta.{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=85}} He also worked as an architecture lecturer. Groenewegen died in April 1980 in the hospital Sumber Waras he designed.{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=72}}

Groenewegen also had several works outside Medan and Jakarta, e.g. the Sumber Waras hospital in Padang (1956-1957), Savoy cinema in Bukittinggi (1957), and Museum Seni Modern in Bali (1959).{{sfn|Akihary|1990|p=109}}

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Menteng Bioscoop in Djakarta TMnr 60054768.jpg

Groenewegen was heavily influenced by the principle of Amsterdam School. While staying and working in Indonesia, Groenewegen began to incorporate Indies architectural element in his works.

• List of colonial buildings in Medan for his works in Medan.

{{Reflist|3}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite book |last=Akihary |first=Huib |date=1990 |title=Architectuur & Stedebouw in Indonesië 1870/1970 |location=Zutphen |publisher=De Walburg Pers |isbn=9072691024 }}
• {{cite book |date=1990 |title=Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800-1950 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wUa4nQEACAAJ&q=het+indische+bouwen |location=Helmond |publisher=Gemeentemuseum Helmond |access-date=March 30, 2015 |ref={{sfnRef|Gemeentemuseum Helmond|1990}} }}
• {{cite book |last=Leushuis |first=Emile |date=2011 |title=Gids historische stadswandelingen Indonesië |trans-title=Guide historic city tours Indonesia |language=nl |url=https://issuu.com/kitpublishers/docs/gids_stadswandelingen_indonesie |location=Amsterdam |publisher=KIT Publishers |isbn=9789460221620 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307163823/https://issuu.com/kitpublishers/docs/gids_stadswandelingen_indonesie |archive-date=March 7, 2016 }}
• {{cite book |last=Loderichs |first=M.A. |date=November 1997 |title=Medan - Beeld van een stad |trans-title=Medan - Pictures of a city |language=nl |location=Purmerend |publisher=Asia Maior |isbn=9074861105 }}
• {{cite web |url=http://medan.m-heritage.org/about_medan/index.html |title=Medan: The Advent of a North Sumatran Modern City |last=Widodo |first=Johannes |website=Medan Heritage |publisher=Sumatra Heritage Trust |access-date=19 May 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224052306/http://medan.m-heritage.org/about_medan/index.html |url-status=dead }}

{{Refend}}

{{Commons category|Han Groenewegen}}

• {{cite web |url=http://medan.m-heritage.org/results/medan150.html |title=List of Medan Heritage (gives good list, however building information needs to be properly sourced) |author= |date=2016 |website=Medan - Understanding Heritage |publisher=Badan Warisan Sumatra Heritage Trust |access-date=March 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320054401/http://medan.m-heritage.org/results/medan150.html |archive-date=March 20, 2016 |url-status=dead }}

{{Indonesian architecture}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Groenewegen, Han}}

Category:1888 births

Category:1980 deaths

Category:Architects from The Hague

Category:Colonial architecture in Indonesia

Category:20th-century Dutch architects

Category:20th-century Indonesian architects

Category:20th-century Indonesian male artists

Category:Medan

Category:World War II civilian prisoners held by Japan