Hanahoe
{{short description|1980s group of South Korean military officers headed by Chun Doo-hwan}}
{{Expand Korean|하나회|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = {{party color|Democratic Justice Party}}
| name = Group of One
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ko|하나회
하나會}}}}
| logo = The main members of Hanahoe.jpeg
| caption = {{small|A commemorative photo taken in front of the Military Security Command building on December 14, 1979, after the success of Coup d'état of December Twelfth. From the left side of the bottom line, the fourth is Roh Tae-woo and the fifth is Chun Doo-hwan.}}
| leader = Chun Doo-hwan
Roh Tae-woo
| founder = Chun Doo-hwan
| foundation = {{start date|1963}}
| dissolution = {{end date|1993}}
| ideology = {{ublist
| Pro-Chun Doo-hwan
| Militarism{{cite book|editor=조희연 |script-title=ko:복합적 갈등 속 의 한국 민주주의: '정치적 독점' 의 변형 연구 |date=2008 |page=155 |publisher=한울 아카데미 }}
}}
| position = Far-right{{cite book|editor=정주신 |script-title=ko:한국 의 민주화 와 군부 정권 퇴진 |date=2009 |page=440 |publisher=프리마 Books }}{{cite book|editor=사회평론 |script-title=ko:사회평론길・ - 73-76호 |date=1996 |page=166 |publisher=사회평론 }}
| national =
| membership = {{ublist|class = nowrap
| Democratic Republican Party (faction)
}}
| predecessor = Chilseonghoe
| youth_wing =
| footnotes = {{Infobox Korean name/auto|hangul=^하나회|hanja=하나會|child=yes}}
}}
Hanahoe ({{Korean|hangul=하나회|lit=Group of One}}) was an unofficial private group and secret society of military officers in South Korea headed by Chun Doo-hwan, who later became the South Korean president during the Fifth Republic era.{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/rok/dsc.htm|title=hanahoead}}
History
An article in the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture traces the group's origins to the private group Chilsonghoe ({{Korean|hangul=칠성회|hanja=七星會|labels=no|lit=Seven Star Society}}) in 1958 that was formed by seven people, including Chun Doo-hwan, Roh Tae-woo, and Chung Ho-yong.{{Citation |last=김 |first=정한 |script-title=ko:신군부 (新軍部) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Korean Culture |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0073743 |access-date=2024-04-12 |publisher=Academy of Korean Studies |language=ko}} The group was an expansion of the group Osunghoe ({{Korean|hangul=오성회|hanja=五星會|labels=no}}), formed in 1951, which had five members-Roh, Chun, Kim Bok-dong, Choi Sung-taek, Park Byung-ha, and Chilsonghoe included two more members-Jung Ho-yong and Kwon Yik-hyon.{{cite web|url=https://www.newspim.com/news/view/20211123000675|script-title=ko:육사·하나회·쿠데타 질긴 인연 전두환과 노태우…죽음도 '추종'|website=NewsPim|date=2021-11-23}}
Initially formed by graduates of the eleventh class of the Korea Military Academy in 1955, Hanahoe built up its ranks by recruiting three to four members per subsequent classes of the KMA, mostly from Gyeongsang Province. Hanahoe formed the core of the group that eventually took control of the presidency and government from Choi Kyu-hah in the December 12, 1979 and the Coup d'état of May Seventeenth, 1980, ending the Fourth Republic. Subsequently, Hanahoe also played an instrumental role in violent suppression of the Gwangju Uprising.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}
After its initial seizure of power, Hanahoe maintained great influence in South Korean politics throughout the 1980s, but was later disbanded by force in 1993 upon inauguration of Kim Young-sam.{{cite web |last1=Han |first1=DongMin |script-title=ko:[오늘의 역사 번외] 부패군인 향한 김영삼의 결단 '하나회 숙청' |url=https://www.incheontoday.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=242878 |website=인천투데이 |access-date=10 August 2024 |language=ko |date=8 March 2024}} Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-Woo, together with other members of Hanahoe, were convicted for their role in the two coups and Gwangju Massacre.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}
In popular culture
- The 2005 TV series 5th Republic was the first mentioned media featuring the Hanahoe's 1979 coup and the entire history of the Fifth Republic of Korea.
- The 2023 South Korean film 12.12: The Day follows a fictionalized version of Hanahoe's 1979 coup.{{cite news |last1=Kwon |first1=Hyuk-chul |title=How Chun Doo-hwan seized power in a coup — and why it's unlikely to happen now |url=https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/1118584.html |access-date=5 December 2023 |agency=The Hankyoreh |date=2023}}