Haqqani network#Alleged Pakistani involvement

The word Haqqani comes from Darul Uloom Haqqania, a madrassa in Pakistan that Jalaluddin Haqqani attended.{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8e0c7b26-0dbf-11e1-91e5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2BfbmEmS0 |title='Father of Taliban' urges US concessions |work=Financial Times |date=13 November 2011 |access-date=9 November 2012 |author=Green, Matthew |quote=The school also has a place in the hearts of the commanders of the Haqqani network, a family-run insurgent dynasty that specialises in Kabul suicide bombings. Jalaluddin Haqqani, the group’s patriarch, studied at the seminary, from which he derives his name. |archive-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117005934/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8e0c7b26-0dbf-11e1-91e5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2BfbmEmS0 |url-status=live }}

The Haqqani network's root values are nationalistic and religious. They are ideologically aligned with the Taliban, who have worked to eradicate Western influence and transform Afghanistan into a strictly sharia-following state and based on pashtunwali. This was exemplified in the government that formed after Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan. Both groups have the common goal of disrupting the Western military and political efforts in Afghanistan and driving them from the country permanently."Jeffrey Dressler; The Haqqani Network, A Strategic Threat." Institute for the Study of War 2010. Through the 2000s–2010s, the group was demanding that US and Coalition Forces, made up mostly of NATO nations, withdraw from Afghanistan and no longer interfere with the politics or educational systems of Islamic nations.

While the network became widely active during the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s, historical records show that Jalaluddin Haqqani had formed a movement in his local area Zerok District and assaulted the local pro-government Governor in an attack in June 1975.

Jalaluddin Haqqani joined the Hezb-i Islami Khalis in 1978, becoming an Afghan mujahid. His personal Haqqani group was nurtured by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) during the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War.{{cite news|url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/ISN-Insights/Detail?lng=en&id=133042&contextid734=133042&contextid735=133041&tabid=133041&dynrel=40db1b50-7439-887d-706e-8ec00590bdb9,4888caa0-b3db-1461-98b9-e20e7b9c13d4,0c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233|title=Questions Raised About Haqqani Network Ties with Pakistan|work=International Relations and Security Network|date=26 September 2011|access-date=15 October 2011|archive-date=2 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602040841/https://css.ethz.ch/en/services.html|url-status=live}}Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars (New York: Penguin) pp. 201–202.

The Haqqani family hails from southeastern Afghanistan and belongs to the Mezi clan of the Zadran Pashtun tribe. Jalalludin Haqqani rose to prominence as a senior military leader during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Like Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Haqqani was more successful than other resistance leaders at forging relationships with outsiders prepared to sponsor resistance to the Soviets, including the CIA, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), and wealthy Arab private donors from the Persian Gulf.

Jalaluddin Haqqani commanded a mujahideen army from 1980 to 1992 and is credited with the recruitment of foreign fighters. Abdullah Azzam and Osama bin Laden both began their careers as volunteer fighters for the Haqqanis in the conflict against the Soviets. Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and the Haqqani network have been intertwined throughout their history.Brown, V.; Rassler, D.; Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Network, 1973–2012. Columbia University Press 2013. According to a declassified US government report, a training facility belonging to Haqqani was located at Miram Shah, in which fighters of Pakistani Punjab, Arab, Kashmir, Uzbek and Afghanistan, all connected with either al-Qaeda or the Taliban, were in residence. Similar al-Qaeda-associated training facilities connected to Haqqani by US authorities have been reported in Northern Waziristan.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dia.mil/FOIA/FOIA-Electronic-Reading-Room/FOIA-Reading-Room-Other-Available-Records/FileId/155424/|title=Defense Intelligence Agency > FOIA > FOIA Electronic Reading Room > FOIA Reading Room: Other Available Records|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820164517/https://www.dia.mil/FOIA/FOIA-Electronic-Reading-Room/FOIA-Reading-Room-Other-Available-Records/FileId/155424/|url-status=live}}

The Haqqani network's relationship with al-Qaeda dates back to the founding of al-Qaeda. While al-Qaeda's stated goals are international in scope, the Haqqani network has limited its operations to regional matters concerning Afghanistan and Pashtun tribalism. The organizations share an ideological foundation; Jalaluddin Haqqani realized the importance of Azzam's "foundational Islamic legal decisions declaring the Afghan jihad a universally and individually binding duty borne by all Muslims worldwide." Though many Muslim leaders asked for aid from the oil wealthy Arab states in 1978 after Afghan communist and Soviet forces conquered Kabul, Jalaluddin Haqqani was the only Afghan Islamic resistance leader to also request foreign Muslim fighters, and his was the only group to welcome fighters from outside the region into its ranks, thus "linking it to the broader Jihad struggles and giving birth to the following decade to what would come to be known as global jihadism."

The Haqqani network's use of the Saudi Arabian financiers and other Arab investors clearly highlights the groups understanding of global jihad.{{vague|date=August 2021}}

File:Insurgent Regions in Afghanistan and Pakistan.jpg

Many sources believe Jalaluddin Haqqani and his forces assisted with the escape of al-Qaeda into safe havens in Pakistan. It is well documented that the Haqqani network assisted with the establishment of safe havens. Analyst Peter Bergen argues this point in his book The Battle for Tora Bora."The Battle for Tora Bora"Bergen, Peter; "The Battle for Tora Bora." The New Republic, 30 December 2009.Smucker, Philip; Al-Qaeda's Great Escape: The Military and Media on Terror's Trail. Dulles, Virginia, Bassey's 2004. Judging by the possibilities and the amount of US military assets focused on such a small region, the theory that the Haqqani network aided in the escape seems reasonable. Regardless of exactly what occurred in those mountains, the Haqqanis played a role. And their actions of providing safe havens for al-Qaeda and Bin Laden show the strength of bond and some role in or knowledge of al-Qaeda and Bin Laden's escape.

On 26 July 2020, a United Nations report stated that the al-Qaeda group is still active in twelve provinces in Afghanistan and its leader al-Zawahiri is still based in the country,{{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=734350 |title=Al Qaeda active in 12 Afghan provinces: UN |publisher=Daijiworld |date=26 July 2020 |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |access-date=26 July 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727090535/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=734350 |url-status=live }} and the UN Monitoring Team has estimated that the total number of al-Qaeda fighters in Afghanistan were "between 400 and 600 and that the leadership maintains close contact with the Haqqani Network" and in February 2020, "al-Zawahiri met with Yahya Haqqani, the primary Haqqani network contact with Al Qaeda since mid-2009, to discuss ongoing cooperation".

{{Main|2021 Taliban offensive}}

Foreign jihadists recognized the network as a distinct entity as early as 1994, but Haqqani was not affiliated with the Taliban until they captured Kabul and assumed de facto control of Afghanistan in 1996.{{cite news|title=The failing campaign: A relentless American campaign seeking to kill Maulvi Jalaluddin Haqqani rains bombs on civilians as the most powerful mujahideen remains elusive|work=The Hindu|first=Marc|last=Herold|date=February 2002|issue=3|volume=19}}{{dead link|date=October 2011}} After the Taliban came to power, Haqqani accepted a cabinet-level appointment as Minister of Tribal Affairs.{{cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/FE05Ag02.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603020020/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/FE05Ag02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=3 June 2004|title=Through the eyes of the Taliban|newspaper=Asia Times|author=Syed Salaam Shahzad |date=5 May 2004|access-date=10 February 2009}} Following the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and the subsequent overthrow of the Taliban government, the Haqqanis fled to the bordering Pakistani tribal regions and regrouped to fight against coalition forces across the border.{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/us-drone-strike-kills-haqqani-insider/2011/10/13/gIQA5rT3gL_story.html|title=U.S. steps up drone strikes in Pakistan against Haqqani network|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=13 October 2011|access-date=15 October 2011|first=Karen|last=DeYoung|archive-date=4 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104061938/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/us-drone-strike-kills-haqqani-insider/2011/10/13/gIQA5rT3gL_story.html|url-status=live}} The Haqqanis have been known to dissent from the Taliban line by permitting music and education for women.{{cite book|author-link=Steve Coll|last=Coll|first=Steve|title=Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan|publisher=Penguin Group|year=2019|isbn=9780143132509|page=156}} As Jalaluddin has grown older his son Sirajuddin has taken over the responsibility of military operations. Journalist Syed Saleem Shahzad reported that President Hamid Karzai invited c. 2002 the elder Haqqani to serve as Prime Minister in an attempt to bring "moderate" Taliban into the government. However, the offer was refused by Jalaluddin.

Voice of America reported that the Taliban gave the Haqqani network control over security operations in Kabul on 19 August in the days following the fall of Kabul in the 2021 Taliban offensive.{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal_anti-taliban-forces-retake-three-northern-afghan-districts/6209733.html|title=Anti-Taliban Forces Retake Three Northern Afghan Districts|publisher=Voice of America|date=20 August 2021|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831011322/https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/anti-taliban-forces-retake-three-northern-afghan-districts|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-central-asia_hardline-haqqani-network-put-charge-kabul-security/6209747.html|title=Hardline Haqqani Network Put in Charge of Kabul Security|publisher=Voice of America|date=19 August 2021|access-date=20 August 2021|archive-date=20 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820175724/https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/hardline-haqqani-network-put-charge-kabul-security|url-status=live}} That same day Anas Haqqani met with former Afghan president Hamid Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah and Hezb-e-Islami fighter Gulbuddin Hekmatyar seeking a formal transfer of power to the Taliban leader Abdul Ghani Baradar. Rumors circulated that Anas was receiving instructions directly from Sirajuddin Haqqani, who was himself in Quetta, Pakistan.{{cite web|date=19 August 2021|title=Haqqani network cadres control Kabul, Mullah Yaqoob in Kandahar|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/haqqani-network-cadres-control-kabul-mullah-yaqoob-in-kandahar-101629347132112.html|access-date=10 September 2021|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=10 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910074028/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/haqqani-network-cadres-control-kabul-mullah-yaqoob-in-kandahar-101629347132112.html|url-status=live}}

According to US military commanders, it is "the most resilient enemy network" and one of the biggest threats to the U.S.-led NATO forces and the Afghan government during the war in Afghanistan.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/world/asia/17iht-17warlord.13756827.html|title=Old-Line Taliban Commander is Face of Rising Afghan Threa|work=The New York Times|first=Carlotta|last=Gall|author-link=Carlotta Gall|date=17 June 2008|access-date=10 February 2009|archive-date=18 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618043759/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/world/asia/17iht-17warlord.13756827.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Partlow|first=Joshua|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/haqqani-insurgent-group-proves-resilient-foe-in-afghan-war/2011/05/27/AG0wfKEH_story.html|title=Haqqani insurgent group proves resilient foe in Afghan war|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=27 May 2011|access-date=27 July 2011|archive-date=30 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130083555/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/haqqani-insurgent-group-proves-resilient-foe-in-afghan-war/2011/05/27/AG0wfKEH_story.html|url-status=live}} It is also the most lethal network in Afghanistan.{{cite web|last=Dressler|first=Jeffrey|title=The Haqqani Network: A Foreign Terrorist Organization|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Backgrounder_Haqqani-FTO.pdf|publisher=ISW|access-date=15 September 2012|date=5 September 2012|archive-date=18 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018023020/http://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Backgrounder_Haqqani-FTO.pdf|url-status=live}} From 2010 the United States is offering a reward for information leading to the capture of their leader, Sirajuddin Haqqani, in the amount of $5,000,000.{{cite web|title=Wanted Sirajuddin Haqqani Up to $5 Million Reward|publisher=Rewards for Justice|url=http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=haqqani |access-date=9 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822063810/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=haqqani |archive-date=22 August 2009}}

In September 2012, the Obama administration labeled the network as a foreign terrorist organization. After this announcement, the Taliban issued a statement arguing that there is "no separate entity or network in Afghanistan by the name of Haqqani" and that Jalaluddin Haqqani is a member of Pakistan-based the Quetta Shura, the Taliban's top leadership council.{{cite news|last=Roggio|first=Bill|title=Taliban call Haqqani Network a 'conjured entity'|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/09/taliban_call_haqqani.php|access-date=10 September 2012|newspaper=Long War Journal|date=9 September 2012|archive-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914182617/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/09/taliban_call_haqqani.php|url-status=live}}

• Jalaluddin Haqqani – following his time as a commander in the Mujahideen Army (1980–1992), the network was founded under Haqqani during the insurgency against Soviet forces in Afghanistan during the 1980s. Haqqani himself was trained in Pakistan during the 1970s, in order to fight Prime Minister Mohammad Daud Khan, who had overthrown the previous ruler (and cousin), King Zahir Shah. During the Soviet invasion, the Pakistani government's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency became close with Haqqani and his organization, allowing them to become a main benefactor of American weapons, intelligence, and training. In the 1990s, Haqqani agreed to join the Taliban, arising to the position of Interior Minister. The United States attempted to convince Haqqani to sever ties with the Taliban, which he refused to do. In 2005 when Merjuddin Pathan was governor of the Khost Province, Haqqani approached him and wanting a dialogue with the Hamid Karzai Government, but neither Americans nor Karzai heeded the pleas of the governor. Afterwards when insurgency accentuated that Hamid Karzai's leadership in Afghanistan, approached Haqqani and offered him the position as Minister of Tribal Affairs in his cabinet, which Haqqani has also refused as it was too late. Since the emergence of the Haqqani network, Haqqani and his family have thrived off of the contacts made by Haqqani during the Cold War.Lawrence, Kendall. "The Haqqani Network". Threat Convergence Profile Series. The Fund For Peace. October 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2012. The BBC reported in July 2015 that Jalaluddin Haqqani had died of an illness and been buried in Afghanistan at least a year prior.{{cite news|title=Afghan militant leader Jalaluddin Haqqani 'has died'|date=31 July 2015|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-33740337|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=1 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801181526/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-33740337|url-status=live}} The Taliban rejected these reports.{{cite news|title=Taliban deny reports of Haqqani network founder's death|url=https://news.yahoo.com/taliban-deny-reports-haqqani-network-founders-death-072622210.html|access-date=1 August 2015|publisher=AFP|date=1 August 2015|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126164047/https://news.yahoo.com/taliban-deny-reports-haqqani-network-founders-death-072622210.html|url-status=live}} On 3 September 2018, the Taliban released a statement via Twitter proclaiming Haqqani's death of an unspecified terminal illness.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/haqqani-network-s-founder-dies-after-long-illness-afghan-taliban-n906116|title='The Kennedys of the Taliban movement' lose their patriarch|date=4 September 2018|publisher=NBC News|access-date=14 September 2018|archive-date=7 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907053632/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/haqqani-network-s-founder-dies-after-long-illness-afghan-taliban-n906116|url-status=live}}{{Cite tweet |user=Zabihullah_4 |number=1036806652874444800 |date=3 September 2018 |title=Statement of Islamic Emirate regarding passing away of prominent Jihadi figure, scholar and warrior Mawlawi Jalaluddin Haqqani (RA) https://justpaste.it/4z8if |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180904025542/https://twitter.com/Zabihullah_4/status/1036806652874444800 |archive-date=4 September 2018 |url-status=live}}
• Sirajuddin Haqqani – He is one of Jalaluddin's sons and currently leads the day-to-day activities of the network.
• Badruddin Haqqani – He was Sirajuddin's brother and an operational commander of the network. He was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Pakistan on 24 August 2012. Some Taliban commanders claimed the reports of his death were true while others claimed the reports were inaccurate.{{cite news|first=Zia|last=Khan|title=Who on earth are the Haqqanis?|date=22 September 2011|newspaper=The Express Tribune|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/257761/who-on-earth-are-the-haqqanis/|access-date=23 September 2011|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613100331/https://tribune.com.pk/story/257761/who-on-earth-are-the-haqqanis/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Top Haqqani network militant 'killed in Pakistan'|date=25 August 2012|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19378474|access-date=25 August 2012|archive-date=25 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825142143/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19378474|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Taliban deny report of Haqqani commander's death|url=http://www.thestate.com/2012/08/26/2413107/taliban-deny-report-of-haqqani.html#.UDnKIsFgKWY|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827194434/http://www.thestate.com/2012/08/26/2413107/taliban-deny-report-of-haqqani.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 August 2012|access-date=26 August 2012|newspaper=The State|date=26 August 2012|author=Rahim Faiez|author2=Rebecca Santana|agency=AP}}{{cite news |title=Afghanistan says sources confirm militant commander Badruddin Haqqani has been killed |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=26 August 2012 |agency=AP |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taliban-spokesman-denies-report-that-key-militant-commander-was-killed-in-drone-strike/2012/08/26/3cd5d248-ef46-11e1-b624-99dee49d8d67_story.html |access-date=28 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826211555/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taliban-spokesman-denies-report-that-key-militant-commander-was-killed-in-drone-strike/2012/08/26/3cd5d248-ef46-11e1-b624-99dee49d8d67_story.html |archive-date=26 August 2012|url-status=dead}} However, U.S. and Pakistani officials confirmed his death.{{cite news |author=Karen DeYoung |title=U.S. confirms killing of Haqqani leader in Pakistan |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=29 August 2012 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-confirms-killing-of-haqqani-leader-in-pakistan/2012/08/29/e5973424-f20e-11e1-a612-3cfc842a6d89_story.html |access-date=11 October 2012 |archive-date=10 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071846/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-confirms-killing-of-haqqani-leader-in-pakistan/2012/08/29/e5973424-f20e-11e1-a612-3cfc842a6d89_story.html |url-status=live }}{{cite magazine|title=Pakistani Officials Confirm Death of Key Militant |url=http://world.time.com/2012/08/30/pakistani-officials-confirm-death-of-key-militant/ |access-date=31 August 2012 |magazine=Time|date=30 August 2012 |agency=AP |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903033736/http://world.time.com/2012/08/30/pakistani-officials-confirm-death-of-key-militant/ |archive-date=3 September 2012 }} The Taliban officially confirmed Badruddin's death a year later.{{cite web |author=Bill Roggio |date=8 September 2013 |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2013/09/taliban_confirm_deat_1.php |title=Taliban confirm death of Badruddin Haqqani in drone strike last year |work=The Long War Journal |access-date=18 August 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612184501/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2013/09/taliban_confirm_deat_1.php |url-status=live }}
• Abdulaziz Haqqani – He is one of Jalaluddin's sons who became very influential following Badruddin Haqqani's death. Currently he serves as deputy to his brother Sirajuddin Haqqani.{{Cite web |last=Roggio |first=Bill |author-link=Bill Roggio |date=25 August 2015 |title=US adds Haqqani Network commander to list of global terrorists |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/08/us-adds-haqqani-network-commander-to-list-of-global-terrorists.php |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=FDD's Long War Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119225538/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/08/us-adds-haqqani-network-commander-to-list-of-global-terrorists.php |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Lurie |first=Devin |date=September 2020 |title=The Haqqani Network: The Shadow Group Supporting the Taliban's Operations |url=https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Ref-0241-The-Haqqani-Network.pdf |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=American Security Project |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222103042/https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Ref-0241-The-Haqqani-Network.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=10 October 2022 |title=Al Qaeda, ISIS and the Taliban |url=https://ultrascan-research.com/assets/files/Report_AfPak-intelligence-Monitor-Al-QaedaandISIS-Taliban-October-13-2022-REDACTED.pdf |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=Ultrascan Research Services |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119215129/https://ultrascan-research.com/assets/files/Report_AfPak-intelligence-Monitor-Al-QaedaandISIS-Taliban-October-13-2022-REDACTED.pdf |url-status=live }}
• Khalil Haqqani was a leader of the Haqqani network.{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/|title=Foreign Terrorist Organizations|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-date=15 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515204913/https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/6268912285001/|title=Top terrorist on most wanted list is welcomed into Kabul|website=Fox News|date=21 August 2021|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824215223/https://video.foxnews.com/v/6268912285001/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1988/materials/summaries/individual/khalil-ahmed-haqqani|title=KHALIL AHMED HAQQANI | United Nations Security Council|website=www.un.org|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823114406/https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1988/materials/summaries/individual/khalil-ahmed-haqqani|url-status=live}} The United States offered a US$5 million bounty for Khalil as one their most wanted terrorists.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/21/world/biden-taliban-afghanistan|title=Afghanistan: U.S. May Seek Airlines' Help in Evacuation Effort|first=Eric|last=Schmitt|newspaper=The New York Times|date=21 August 2021|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-date=17 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217222208/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/21/world/biden-taliban-afghanistan|url-status=live}} In August 2021, after the fall of Kabul, Haqqani was seen roaming the streets of Kabul. He was killed on 11 December 2024 by an ISIL suicide bomber in Kabul.{{Cite news |last=Cunningham |first=Doug |date=11 December 2024 |title=Taliban refugee minister Khalil Haqqani killed in Kabul suicide bombing |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2024/12/11/Afghanistan-Khalil-Haqqani-killed-suicide-bombing-Kabul/4641733924769/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |work=UPI}}{{Cite news |title=Khalil Haqqani: Taliban minister killed in bombing in Kabul |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg952q81x8o |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=bbc.com |language=en-GB |first1=Simon |last1=Fraser |first2=Caroline |last2=Davies}}
• Sangeen Zadran (killed 6 September 2013){{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-drone-idUSBRE98503S20130906|title=Taliban-linked militant killed in U.S. drone strike in Pakistan|date=6 September 2013|work=Reuters|access-date=6 September 2013|archive-date=18 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118084859/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/06/us-pakistan-drone-idUSBRE98503S20130906|url-status=live}} – According to the US State Department, he was a senior lieutenant to Sirajuddin and the shadow governor for Paktika province in Afghanistan. He was also one of the captors of U.S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl."Designation of Haqqani Network Commander Sangeen Zadran." Office of the Spokesperson. 16 August 2011. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/08/170582.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917124254/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/08/170582.htm |date=17 September 2011 }}. Accessed 17 July 2012.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/afghan-taliban-offers-to-swap-captive-us-soldier-bowe-bergdahl-for-5-guantanamo-detainees/|title=Afghan Taliban offers to swap captive U.S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl for 5 Guantanamo detainees|publisher=CBS News|access-date=6 September 2013|archive-date=24 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724181404/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57590189/afghan-taliban-offers-to-swap-captive-u.s-soldier-bowe-bergdahl-for-5-guantanamo-detainees|url-status=live}}
• Nasiruddin Haqqani – He was Sirajuddin's brother and a key financier and emissary of the network. As the son of Jalaluddin's Arab wife, he spoke fluent Arabic and traveled to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates for fundraising.{{cite news|first=Bill|last=Roggio|author-link=Bill Roggio|title=US adds Haqqani Network, Taliban leaders to list of designated terrorists|date=22 July 2010|publisher=Public Multimedia Inc.|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/07/us_adds_haqqani_netw.php|work=The Long War Journal|access-date=1 November 2011|archive-date=4 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104025236/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/07/us_adds_haqqani_netw.php|url-status=live}} He was killed by unknown assailants in Islamabad, Pakistan, on 11 November 2013.{{cite web |last=Khan |first=Tahir |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/630360/senior-haqqani-network-leader-killed-near-islamabad/ |title=Senior Haqqani Network leader killed near Islamabad |work=The Express Tribune |date=11 November 2013 |access-date=18 August 2014 |archive-date=13 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713114839/http://tribune.com.pk/story/630360/senior-haqqani-network-leader-killed-near-islamabad/ |url-status=live }}
• Maulvi Ahmad Jan (killed 21 November 2013){{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/first-us-drone-strike-pakistans-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-kills-041441452.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124032159/http://news.yahoo.com/first-us-drone-strike-pakistans-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-kills-041441452.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 November 2013|title=US drone strike kills senior Haqqani leader in Pakistan|author=S.B. Shah|publisher=Agence France-Presse|date=21 November 2013|access-date=5 December 2013}} The network's spiritual leader who was also responsible for organizing some of the network's most deadly attacks in Afghanistan. He was subjected to UN sanctions{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10805.doc.htm|title=Security Council 1988 Sanctions Committee Adds Individual Abdul Rauf Zakir|publisher=United Nations|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-date=6 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206043529/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10805.doc.htm|url-status=live}} in March 2010{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-216246-Who-was-Maulvi-Ahmad-Jan-the-droned-Haqqani-leader|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125140056/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-216246-Who-was-Maulvi-Ahmad-Jan-the-droned-Haqqani-leader|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 November 2013|title=Who was Maulvi Ahmad Jan, the droned Haqqani leader?|author=Amir Mir|publisher=The News International|date=25 November 2013|access-date=5 December 2013}} and had also served the Taliban government of Mullah Omar as federal minister for water and power, before being appointed the Governor of the Zabul Province in 2000. At the time of his death, Jan was thought be Sirajuddin Haqqani's chief deputy.
• Abdul Aziz Abbasin – According to the U.S. Treasury, he is "a key commander in the Haqqani Network" and serves as the "Taliban shadow governor of Orgun District, Paktika Province, Afghanistan."{{cite web|url=http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1316.aspx|title=Treasury Continues Efforts Targeting Terrorist Organizations Operating in Afghanistan and Pakistan|access-date=29 September 2011|date=29 September 2011|publisher=U.S. Department of Treasury|archive-date=30 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930222343/http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/tg1316.aspx|url-status=live}}
• Haji Mali Khan – According to NATO, he is "the senior Haqqani commander in Afghanistan" and is uncle to Sirajuddin and Badaruddin.{{cite news|title=Haqqani leader captured in Afghanistan|date=1 October 2011|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7da32c2a-ec2d-11e0-8c66-00144feab49a.html#axzz1bQDJGyc2|work=Financial Times|access-date=21 October 2011|archive-date=5 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105145024/https://www.ft.com/content/7da32c2a-ec2d-11e0-8c66-00144feab49a#axzz1bQDJGyc2|url-status=live}}{{cite news| title=NATO: Haqqani Leader Captured in Afghanistan|date=1 October 2011|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/10/01/140973497/nato-senior-haqqani-leader-captured-in-afghanistan| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002043542/http://www.npr.org/2011/10/01/140973497/nato-senior-haqqani-leader-captured-in-afghanistan| url-status=dead|archive-date=2 October 2011| work=NPR| access-date=21 October 2011}}{{cite news|date=30 June 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13971385|title=Nato 'kills senior Haqqani militant in Afghanistan'|publisher=BBC News|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103133631/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13971385|url-status=live}} ISAF also reported that he acted as an emissary between Baitullah Mehsud and the Haqqanis. He was captured by ISAF forces on 27 September 2011. He was released in a prisoner swap in November 2019.{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/19/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-prisoner-exchange-peace-talks.html|title = Two Western Hostages Are Freed in Afghanistan in Deal with Taliban|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 19 November 2019|last1 = Zucchino|first1 = David|last2 = Goldman|first2 = Adam|access-date = 19 November 2019|archive-date = 19 November 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191119162912/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/19/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-prisoner-exchange-peace-talks.html|url-status = live}}

Following WikiLeaks' July 2010 publication of 75,000 classified documents the public learned that Sirajuddin Haqqani was in the tier one of the International Security Assistance Force's Joint Prioritized Effects List – its "kill or capture" list.{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,708393,00.html |title=The Helpless Germans: War Logs Illustrate Lack of Progress in Bundeswehr Deployment |author1=Matthias Gebauer |author2=John Goetz |author3=Hans Hoyng |author4=Susanne Koelbl |author5=Marcel Rosenbach |author6=Gregor Peter Schmitz |newspaper=Der Spiegel |date=26 July 2010 |access-date=15 August 2010 |quote=Sirajuddin Haqqani is also associated with the foreign jihadists. Haqqani, known as 'Siraj,' is the son of the legendary Afghan mujahedeen leader Jalaluddin Haqqani. Together with the Taliban and Hekmatyar, the Haqqani clan of warlords are among the three greatest opponents of Western forces in Afghanistan. In the digital war logs, his name appeared in 'Tier 1' on a list of targets to be killed or taken captive, which qualified him as one of the Western alliance's most wanted terrorists. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728174357/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,708393,00.html |archive-date=28 July 2010}}

Anand Gopal of The Christian Science Monitor, citing unnamed US and Afghan sources, reported in June 2009 that the leadership is based in Miranshah, North Waziristan in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan along the Afghan border. It operates from at least three compounds: a Miranshah bazaar camp containing a madrassa and computer facilities, a compound in the nearby suburb of Sarai Darpa Khel and another compound in Danday Darpa Khel, where some of Jalaluddin's family stay.{{cite web|url=http://afpak.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/06/03/inside_the_haqqani_network_0|title=Inside the Haqqani network|access-date=23 November 2011|last=Gopal|first=Anand|author2=Mansur Khan Mahsud|author3=Brian Fishman|date=3 June 2010|work=Foreign Policy|publisher=The Slate Group, LLC|archive-date=16 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116040445/http://afpak.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/06/03/inside_the_haqqani_network_0|url-status=dead}} The network is active in Afghanistan's southeastern areas of Paktia Province, Paktika Province, Khost Province, Wardak Province, Logar Province, and Ghazni Province. In September 2011, Sirajuddin Haqqani told Reuters that the group feels "more secure in Afghanistan besides the Afghan people."

The Haqqanis have been described as notable writers, having published a number of books as well as editing and contributing to magazines, three of them, Manba' al-Jihad (one version in Pashto and another in Arabic) and Nusrat al-Jihad ("Support for Jihad", in Urdu), totaling more than 1000 pages between 1989 and 1993.Vahid Brown and Don Rassler, Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus, 1973-2012, Oxford University Press (2013), p. 14

Some of Sirajuddin's brothers travel to the Persian Gulf region to raise funds from wealthy donors. The New York Times reported in September 2011 that the Haqqanis have set up a "ministate" in Miranshah with courts, tax offices and madrassas, and that the network runs a series of front companies selling automobiles and real estate. They also receive funds from extortion, kidnappings and smuggling operations throughout eastern Afghanistan. In an interview a former Haqqani commander called the extortion "the most important source of funding for the Haqqanis."{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Mazzetti|author2=Scott Shane|author3=Alissa J. Rubin|title=Brutal Haqqani Crime Clan Bedevils U.S. in Afghanistan|date=24 September 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/world/asia/brutal-haqqani-clan-bedevils-united-states-in-afghanistan.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=27 September 2011|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627012852/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/world/asia/brutal-haqqani-clan-bedevils-united-states-in-afghanistan.html|url-status=live}} According to a tribal elder in Paktia, "Haqqani's people ask for money from contractors working on road construction. They are asking money or goods from shopkeepers... District elders and contractors are paying money to Afghan workers, but sometimes half of the money will go to Haqqani's people."{{cite news|first=Nahal|last=Toosi|title=Haqqani network challenges US-Pakistan relations|date=29 December 2009 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2010624388_apaspakistanhandlingthehaqqanis.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130030439/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2010624388_apaspakistanhandlingthehaqqanis.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2013|agency=Associated Press|access-date=25 October 2011|work=The Seattle Times}}

Haqqani is reported to run his own training camps, to recruit his own foreign fighters, and to seek out financial and logistic support on his own, from his old contacts. Estimates of the Haqqanis's numbers vary. A 2009 New York Times article indicates that they are thought to have about 4,000 to 12,000 Taliban under their command while a 2011 report from the Combating Terrorism Center places its strength roughly at 10,000-15,000.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/15/world/asia/15haqqani.html|title=Rebuffing U.S., Pakistan Balks at Crackdown|work=The New York Times|date=14 December 2009|first=Jane|last=Perlez|access-date=22 February 2017|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821010540/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/15/world/asia/15haqqani.html|url-status=live}} During a September 2011 interview, Sirajuddin Haqqani said the figure of 10,000 fighters, as quoted in some media reports, "is actually less than the actual number." Throughout its history the network's operations have been conducted by small, semi-autonomous units organized according to tribal and sub-tribal affiliations often at the direction of and with the logistical support of Haqqani commanders.

The network is comprised broadly of four groups: those who have been with Jalalludin since the Soviet-era jihad, those from Loya Paktiya who have joined since 2001, those from North Waziristan who have joined in more recent years, and foreign militants of primarily Arab, Chechen and Uzbek origins. Leadership roles are mostly filled with personnel from the first group while the relative neophytes from Loya Paktia and non-Pushtuns are not part of this inner circle.{{cite news|first=Amir|last=Mir|title=Haqqanis sidestep US terror list|date=15 October 2011|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MJ15Df01.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014090822/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MJ15Df01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=14 October 2011|work=Asia Times Online| access-date=28 November 2011}}

The Haqqani network pioneered the use of suicide attacks in Afghanistan and tend to use mostly foreign bombers whereas the Taliban tend to rely on locals in attacks. The network, according to the National Journal, supplies much of the potassium chlorate used in bombs employed by the Taliban in Afghanistan. Also, the network's bombs use more sophisticated remote triggering devices than the pressure-plated activators used elsewhere in Afghanistan. Sirajuddin Haqqani told MSNBC in April 2009 that his fighters had, "acquired the modern technology that we were lacking, and we have mastered new and innovative methods of making bombs and explosives."Dreazen, Yochi J., "The New Enemy", National Journal, 16 July 2011.

In late 2011, a 144-page book attributed to Sirajuddin Haqqani began circulating in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Described by Newsweek as a "manual for guerrillas and terrorists," the Pashto-language book details instructions on setting up a jihadi cell, receiving financing, recruiting and training. The manual advises recruits that parental permission is not necessary for jihad, that all debts should be paid before joining, and that suicide bombings and beheadings are allowed by Islam.{{cite news|first=Ron|last=Moreau|author2=Sami Yousafzai|title=Dueling Manifestos|date=14 November 2011|publisher=The Newsweek|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/11/13/afghanistan-haqqani-s-jihad-manual-the-secret-taliban-letter.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114114846/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/11/13/afghanistan-haqqani-s-jihad-manual-the-secret-taliban-letter.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 November 2011|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=23 November 2011}}

• 14 January 2008: The 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack is thought to have been carried out by the network.
• March 2008: Kidnapping of British journalist Sean Langan was blamed on the network.[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/21/new-york-times-reporter-taliban Kidnapped US reporter makes dramatic escape from Taliban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223160522/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/21/new-york-times-reporter-taliban |date=23 February 2021 }}, The Guardian, 21 June 2009
• 27 April 2008: Assassination attempts on Hamid Karzai.
• 7 July 2008: US intelligence blamed the network for 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul.
• 10 November 2008: The kidnapping of David Rohde was blamed on Sirajuddin Haqqani.[https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=7895078&page=1 Taliban Wanted $25 Million for Life of New York Times Reporter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801113552/https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=7895078&page=1 |date=1 August 2020 }}, ABC News, 22 June 2009
• 30 December 2009: Camp Chapman attack is thought to have been carried out by the network.[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/31b2dd72-f898-11de-beb8-00144feab49a.html Pakistan urges united reaction after CIA blast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128031244/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/31b2dd72-f898-11de-beb8-00144feab49a.html |date=28 January 2010 }}, Financial Times, 3 January 2010
• 18 May 2010: May 2010 Kabul bombing was allegedly carried out by the network.{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/05/haqqani_network_exec.php|title=Haqqani Network executed Kabul suicide attack|last=Rogio|first=Bill|date=24 May 2010|publisher=Public Multimedia|access-date=25 May 2010|archive-date=1 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601211947/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/05/haqqani_network_exec.php|url-status=live}}
• 19 February 2011: Kabul Bank in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.{{cite news|url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/06/15/haqqani-network-threatens-attacks-judges|title=Haqqani network threatens attacks on judges|publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News|date=15 June 2011|access-date=27 July 2011|last1=Yaqubi|first1=Mali Khan|archive-date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214213526/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/06/15/haqqani-network-threatens-attacks-judges|url-status=live}}
• 28 June 2011: According to ISAF, elements of the Haqqani network provided "material support" in the 2011 attack on the Hotel Inter-Continental in Kabul.Roggio, Bill, "[http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/06/isaf_airstrike_kills.php ISAF airstrike kills senior Haqqani Network commander involved in Kabul hotel attack] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901213237/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/06/isaf_airstrike_kills.php |date=1 September 2011 }}", Long War Journal, 30 June 2011. The Taliban claimed responsibility.{{cite news|first=Safeeyah|last=Kharsany|author2=Mujib Mashal|title=Manager gives account of Kabul hotel attack|date=29 June 2011|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/06/2011629122328109278.html|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=15 September 2011|archive-date=31 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831034521/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/06/2011629122328109278.html|url-status=live}}
• 10 September 2011: A massive truck bomb exploded outside Combat Outpost Sayed Abad in Wardak province, Afghanistan, killing five Afghans, including four civilians, and wounding 77 U.S. soldiers, 14 Afghan civilians, and three policemen. The Pentagon blamed the network for the attack.Jelinek, Pauline (Associated Press), "[https://archive.today/20120717175624/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2011/09/ap-afghanistan-us-says-haqqani-behind-bombing-091211/ Haqqani group behind Afghan bombing, U.S. says]", Military Times, 12 September 2011.
• 12 September 2011: US Ambassador Ryan Crocker blamed the Haqqani network for an attack on the US Embassy and nearby NATO bases in Kabul. The attack lasted 19 hours and resulted in the deaths of four police officers and four civilians. 17 civilians and six NATO soldiers were injured. Three coalition soldiers were killed. Eleven insurgent attackers were killed.{{cite news|first=Alissa J|last=Rubin|author2=Ray Rivera|author3=Jack Healy|title=U.S. Blames Kabul Assault on Pakistan-Based Group|date=14 September 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/15/world/asia/us-blames-kabul-assault-on-pakistan-based-group.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 September 2011|archive-date=14 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914175301/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/15/world/asia/us-blames-kabul-assault-on-pakistan-based-group.html|url-status=live}}
• October 2011: Afghanistan's National Directorate of Security said that six people arrested in an alleged plot to assassinate President Karzai had ties to the Haqqani network.{{cite news|title=Six arrested over 'Karzai death plot'|date=5 October 2011|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/10/2011105125621748395.html|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=12 October 2011|archive-date=7 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007144707/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/10/2011105125621748395.html|url-status=live}}
• 15 April 2012: Haqqani network fighters initiate the summer fighting season, conducting a complex attack across Kabul, Logar and Paktia provinces. Several western embassies in Kabul were attacked in the Say Wallah district.
• 1 June 2012: A massive suicide truck bomb breaches the southern perimeter wall of US Forward Operating Base Salerno in Khost province. A dozen Haqqani fighters wearing suicide vests entered the breach, but were isolated and killed by US Forces.
• 31 May 2017: a truck bomb exploded in a crowded intersection in Kabul, Afghanistan, near the German embassy,{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40102903 |title=Kabul bomb: Dozens killed in Afghan capital's diplomatic zone |date=31 May 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=31 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531060542/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40102903 |archive-date=31 May 2017 }} killing over 150 and injuring 413,{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/world/asia/kabul-explosion-afghanistan.html |title=Huge Bombing in Kabul Is One of Afghan War's Worst |last1=Mashal |first1=Mujib |date=31 May 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=31 May 2017 |last2=Abed |first2=Fahim |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531053728/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/world/asia/kabul-explosion-afghanistan.html |archive-date=31 May 2017 }} mostly civilians, and damaging several buildings in the embassy.{{cite web|url=http://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/rs-claims-police-stopped-truck-entering-green-zone |title=RS Claims Police Stopped Truck From Entering Green Zone |publisher=Tolonews |access-date=31 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531111332/http://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/rs-claims-police-stopped-truck-entering-green-zone |archive-date=31 May 2017 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/31/asia/kabul-explosion-hits-diplomatic-area/index.html |title=Afghanistan explosion: 80 killed in blast near diplomatic area |author1=Ehsan Popalzai |author2=Faith Karimi |website=CNN |date=31 May 2017 |access-date=31 May 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531061825/http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/31/asia/kabul-explosion-hits-diplomatic-area/index.html |archive-date=31 May 2017 }} The attack was the deadliest terror attack to take place in Kabul. Afghanistan's intelligence agency NDS claimed that the blast was planned by the Haqqani network.{{cite web|title=Kabul bomb: Afghans blame Haqqani and Pakistan|url=http://news.sky.com/story/kabul-bombing-afghans-blame-haqqani-network-and-pakistan-10900078|website=Sky News|access-date=8 June 2017|archive-date=8 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608192329/http://news.sky.com/story/kabul-bombing-afghans-blame-haqqani-network-and-pakistan-10900078|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last1=Gul|first1=Ayaz|title=Deadly Truck Bomb Rocks Kabul|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/massive-car-bomb-in-kabul/3878752.html|website=VOA|date=31 May 2017|access-date=8 June 2017|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516153745/https://www.voanews.com/a/massive-car-bomb-in-kabul/3878752.html|url-status=live}}
• 20 January 2018: an attack on Inter-Continental Hotel in Kabul killed 40 people, with the Afghan government accusing the Haqqani network.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/21/world/asia/afghanistan-hotel-attack.html|title=Afghan Forces Retake Control of Kabul Hotel After Deadly Siege|last1=Faizi|first1=Fatima|date=2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 January 2018|last2=Mashal|first2=Mujib|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902154943/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/21/world/asia/afghanistan-hotel-attack.html|url-status=live}} The attack led to U.S. president Donald Trump pressuring Pakistan to expel Haqqani and Taliban leaders from their territory.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.thinkprogress.org/trump-divides-afghanistan-and-pakistan-f0ab7b5a30c4/|title=Trump's bombast further divides Afghanistan and Pakistan, as civilians await meaningful change|date=23 January 2018|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911180238/https://archive.thinkprogress.org/trump-divides-afghanistan-and-pakistan-f0ab7b5a30c4/|url-status=live}}
• 27 January 2018: an ambulance was used as an explosive device in Kabul, exploding in a deadly attacked that claimed 103 lives. The U.S. and Afghan governments suspected the Taliban's Haqqani wing to have caused it.{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-usa-haqqani-idUSKBN1FI2L0|title=U.S. sees Haqqani network behind ambulance bombing in Kabul |author1=Phil Stewart |author2=Michelle Nichols |newspaper=Reuters|date=29 January 2018|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=8 September 2021 |archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908203054/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-usa-haqqani-idUSKBN1FI2L0|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Amiri|first=Craig Nelson and Ehsanullah|date=28 January 2018|title=Kabul Bombing: Death Toll Passes 100 in Suicide Attack With Ambulance|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/kabul-bombing-suicide-attacker-kills-dozens-in-afghanistan-1517054456|access-date=10 September 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908203211/https://www.wsj.com/articles/kabul-bombing-suicide-attacker-kills-dozens-in-afghanistan-1517054456|url-status=live}}
• 25 March 2020: a Sikh shrine was attacked by guns and bombs in Kabul, killing 25 civilians. The Afghan government blamed the Haqqani network and linked ISIS-K militants for the attack.{{Cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/world/afghanistan-terror-attack-at-kabul-gurudwara-updates-kabul-sikhs-feared-dead-isis-taliban-1182085 |title=Several Sikhs Feared Dead In Terror Attack At Kabul Gurudwara; IS Claims Strike |date=25 March 2020 |website=news.abplive.com ( ABP News Bureau) |access-date=8 September 2021 |archive-date=8 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908203107/https://news.abplive.com/news/world/afghanistan-terror-attack-at-kabul-gurudwara-updates-kabul-sikhs-feared-dead-isis-taliban-1182085 |url-status=live}} Members of both the Haqqani network and Islamic State were arrested in connection by the Afghan intelligence.{{Cite news |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/afghanistan-attacks/members-of-islamic-state-haqqani-network-arrested-over-kabul-attacks-idINKBN22I1RE |title = Members of Islamic State-Haqqani network arrested over Kabul attacks|newspaper = Reuters|date = 6 May 2020|last1 = Sediqi|first1 = Abdul Qadir |access-date = 8 September 2021|archive-date = 8 September 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210908203107/https://www.reuters.com/article/afghanistan-attacks/members-of-islamic-state-haqqani-network-arrested-over-kabul-attacks-idINKBN22I1RE|url-status = live}}

The Haqqani network operates in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Northern Pakistan, near the southeastern border of Afghanistan.{{cite web |last1=Lawrence |first1=Kendall |title=Threat Convergence Profile Series: The Haqqani Network |publisher=The Fund For Peace |date=June 2010 |page=3 |url=http://www.fundforpeace.org/global/library/ttcvr1127-threatconvergence-haqqani-11b.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726005609/http://www.fundforpeace.org/global/library/ttcvr1127-threatconvergence-haqqani-11b.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2014 }} The network has used the ambiguity of the FATA to cloak its activities and avoid interference. The strategy worked well until President Obama ramped up UAV strikes in the Northern Waziristan region. The organizational headquarters is supposedly in Miram Shah, where the group operates base camps to facilitate activities such as weapons acquisitions, logistical planning and military strategy formulation. Haqqani-controlled regions of northern Pakistan have also served as strategic safe havens for other Islamic militant organizations, such as al-Qaeda, the Pakistani Taliban (TTP), Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), and members of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU). The strategic location of the Haqqani network facilitates interaction between many of the insurgent groups.

File:ISAF image Insurgent Routes.jpg

The Haqqani network's tribal connections in Northern Waziristan and the de facto regime that it has established with courts, law enforcement, medical care, and governance have often brought it great support from locals. Its familiarity of terrain, such as mountain passes, also grants them excellent access between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

In September 2011, Sirajuddin Haqqani claimed during a telephone interview with Reuters that the Haqqani network no longer maintained sanctuaries in northwestern Pakistan and the robust presence that it once had there and instead now felt safer in Afghanistan: "Gone are the days when we were hiding in the mountains along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Now we consider ourselves more secure in Afghanistan beside the Afghan people."{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/254368/no-haqqani-network-sanctuaries-in-pakistan-sirajuddin/|title=No sanctuaries in Pakistan': Haqqani network shifts base to Afghanistan|work=The Express Tribune|date=18 September 2011|access-date=20 September 2011|archive-date=23 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923183028/http://tribune.com.pk/story/254368/no-haqqani-network-sanctuaries-in-pakistan-sirajuddin/|url-status=live}} According to Haqqani, there were "senior military and police officials" who are aligned with the group and there are even sympathetic and "sincere people in the Afghan government who are loyal to the Taliban" who support the group's aim of liberating Afghanistan "from the clutches of occupying forces." In response to questions from the BBC's Pashto service, Siraj denied any links to the ISI and stated that Mullah Omar is "our leader and we totally obey him."{{cite news|title=Haqqani network denies killing Afghan envoy Rabbani|date=3 October 2010|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15143513|work=BBC|access-date=3 October 2011|archive-date=3 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003171329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15143513|url-status=live}}

{{See also|Pakistan–United States relations}}

While some Afghan and American officials accuse Pakistan of harboring the Haqqani network, Pakistan has denied any links.

Abdul Rashid Waziri, a specialist at Kabul's Center for Regional Studies of Afghanistan, explains that links between the Haqqani network and Pakistan can be traced back to the mid-1970s, before the 1978 Marxist revolution in Kabul. During the rule of President Daoud Khan in Afghanistan (1973–78), Jalaluddin Haqqani went into exile and based himself in and around Miranshah, Pakistan.{{cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/themenode/haqqani-network|title=Haqqani Network|access-date=17 October 2011|publisher=The Institute for the Study of War|archive-date=28 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028063040/http://www.understandingwar.org/themenode/haqqani-network|url-status=live}} From there he began to form a rebellion against the government of Daoud Khan in 1975. The network allegedly maintains ties with the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), and Pakistan's army had been reportedly reluctant to move against them in the past.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/09/world/asia/09iht-09pstan.15996896.html|title=U.S. attack on Taliban kills 23 in Pakistan|work=The New York Times|date=9 September 2008|access-date=27 July 2011|first1=Jane|last1=Perlez|archive-date=3 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203094103/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/09/world/asia/09iht-09pstan.15996896.html|url-status=live}}

The New York Times reported in September 2008 that Pakistan regards the Haqqani network as an important force for protecting its interests in Afghanistan in the event of American withdrawal from there and therefore is unwilling to move against them. Pakistan presumably{{by whom|date=October 2011}} feels pressured that India, Russia, and Iran are gaining a foothold in Afghanistan. Since it lacks the financial clout of the other countries, Pakistan hopes that by being a sanctuary for the Haqqani network, it can assert some influence over its turbulent neighbor. In the words of a retired senior Pakistani official: "[We] have no money. All we have are the crazies. So the crazies it is."{{cite news|title=Snake country|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21531042|access-date=8 January 2013|newspaper=The Economist|date=1 October 2011|location=Islamabad|archive-date=17 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217150432/http://www.economist.com/node/21531042|url-status=live}} The New York Times and Al Jazeera later reported in June 2010 that Pakistan's Army chief General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani and chief of the ISI General Ahmad Shuja Pasha were in talks with Afghan President Hamid Karzai to broker a power-sharing agreement between the Haqqani network and the Afghan government.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/world/asia/25islamabad.html|title=Pakistan Is Said to Pursue Foothold in Afghanistan|last=Perlez|first=Jane|author2=Gall, Carlotta|date=24 June 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=29 June 2010|archive-date=28 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628085800/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/world/asia/25islamabad.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/06/20106277582708497.html|title=Karzai 'holds talks' with Haqqani|date=28 June 2010|publisher=Al Jazeera English|access-date=29 June 2010|archive-date=28 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628190052/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/06/20106277582708497.html|url-status=live}} Reacting to this report both President Barack Obama and CIA director Leon Panetta responded with skepticism that such an effort could succeed.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/world/asia/28taliban.html|title=Pakistan's Plan on Afghan Peace Leaves U.S. Wary|last=Shane|first=Scott|date=27 June 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=29 June 2010|archive-date=30 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630092007/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/world/asia/28taliban.html|url-status=live}} The effort to mediate between the Haqqanis and the Afghan government was launched by Pakistan after intense pressure by the US to take military action against the group in North Waziristan.{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/35-Pakistan-trying-to-broker-Afghan-deal-ak-03 |title=Pakistan trying to broker Afghan deal |last=Syed |first=Baqir Sajjad |date=16 June 2010 |publisher=Dawn |access-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619081056/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/35-Pakistan-trying-to-broker-Afghan-deal-ak-03 |archive-date=19 June 2010}} Karzai later denied meeting anyone from the Haqqani network.{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iZlFFvVcAbhdUv3PV9UHCLH4FBnQ|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125034721/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iZlFFvVcAbhdUv3PV9UHCLH4FBnQ|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|title=Kabul dismisses report Karzai met militant leader|date=29 June 2010|publisher=Agence France-Presse| access-date=30 June 2010}} Subsequently, Kayani also denied that he took part in the talks.{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/kayani-says-he-did-not-broker-karzais-talks-with-haqqani-270 |title=Kayani says he did not broker Karzai's talks with Haqqani |date=2 July 2010 |work=Dawn |access-date=2 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703231827/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/kayani-says-he-did-not-broker-karzais-talks-with-haqqani-270 |archive-date=3 July 2010}}

Anti-American groups of Gul Bahadur and Haqqani carry out their activities in Afghanistan and use North Waziristan as rear.{{cite web|url=http://outlookafghanistan.net/topics?post_id=669 |title=Militant Networks in North Waziristan |publisher=OutlookAfghanistan.net |date=26 May 2011 |access-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723235021/http://outlookafghanistan.net/topics?post_id=669 |archive-date=23 July 2011 }} The group's links to Pakistan have been a sour point in Pakistan–United States relations. In September 2011, the Obama administration warned Pakistan that it must do more to cut ties with the Haqqani network and help eliminate its leaders, adding that "the United States will act unilaterally if Pakistan does not comply."{{cite news|first=Karen|last=DeYoung|title=U.S. sharpens warning to Pakistan|date=21 September 2011|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-sharpens-warning-to-pakistan/2011/09/20/gIQAdqlNjK_story.html?wpisrc=al_national|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-date=13 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113091352/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-sharpens-warning-to-pakistan/2011/09/20/gIQAdqlNjK_story.html?wpisrc=al_national|url-status=live}} In testimony before a US Senate panel, Admiral Mike Mullen stated that the network "acts as a veritable arm of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency."{{cite news|title=Pakistan 'backed Haqqani attack on Kabul' – Mike Mullen|date=22 September 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15024344|work=BBC|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-date=22 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922165449/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15024344|url-status=live}} Although some U.S. officials allege that the ISI supports and guides the Haqqanis,{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/pakistan-condemns-us-comments-spy-agency-044440789.html;_ylt=A2KJ3vVYX3xOdRkA9EZXNyoA?rnd=005681253004174930714413 |title=Pakistan condemns US comments about spy agency |agency=Associated Press |date=23 September 2011 |access-date=23 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727053454/http://news.yahoo.com/pakistan-condemns-us-comments-spy-agency-044440789.html;_ylt=A2KJ3vVYX3xOdRkA9EZXNyoA?rnd=005681253004174930714413 |archive-date=27 July 2013 }}{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/clinton-presses-pakistan-to-help-fight-haqqani-insurgent-group/|title=Clinton Presses Pakistan to Help Fight Haqqani Insurgent Group|publisher=Fox News|date=18 September 2011|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181106/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/09/18/clinton-presses-pakistan-to-help-fight-haqqani-insurgent-group/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/pakistan-isi-urged-attacks-u-targets-officials-002201562.html |title=U.S. blames Pakistan agency in Kabul attack |publisher=Reuters |date=22 September 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925075845/http://news.yahoo.com/pakistan-isi-urged-attacks-u-targets-officials-002201562.html |archive-date=25 September 2011}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-usa-haqqani-idUSTRE78G1RM20110917|title=U.S. links Pakistan to group it blames for Kabul attack|date=17 September 2011|publisher=Reuters|access-date=21 September 2011|archive-date=18 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918083939/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/17/us-pakistan-usa-haqqani-idUSTRE78G1RM20110917|url-status=live}} President Barack Obama declined to endorse that position and stated that "the intelligence is not as clear as we might like in terms of what exactly that relationship is"{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/obama-wont-back-mullens-claim-on-pakistan-137813|title=Obama won't back Mullen's claim on Pakistan|date=1 October 2011|work=NDTV|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-date=10 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010014904/http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/obama-wont-back-mullens-claim-on-pakistan-137813|url-status=live}} and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said "We have no evidence of" Pakistani involvement in attacks on the US embassy in Kabul.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/2011/10/21/clinton-demands-action-in-days-and-weeks/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20111023235027/http://www.dawn.com/2011/10/22/clinton-demands-action-in-days-and-weeks.html|archive-date=23 October 2011|url-status=dead|title=Clinton demands action in 'days and weeks'|first=the|last=Newspaper|date=21 October 2011|website=DAWN.COM|access-date=13 September 2021}}

Pakistan in return rejected the notion that it maintained ties with the Haqqani network or used it in a policy of waging a proxy war in neighboring Afghanistan. Pakistani officials deny the allegations by asserting that Pakistan had no relations with the network. In response to the allegations, Interior Minister Rehman Malik claimed that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had "trained and produced" the Haqqani network and other mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War.{{cite news|title=Defiant Pak refuses to go after Haqqanis| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Defiant-Pak-refuses-to-go-after-Haqqanis/articleshow/10135012.cms| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127001651/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-27/pakistan/30207711_1_haqqani-network-pakistan-army-north-waziristan| url-status=live| archive-date=27 January 2013|date=27 September 2011|work=The Times of India|access-date=27 September 2011}}{{cite news|title=CIA created Haqqani network: Rehman Malik|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/25/cia-created-haqqani-network-rehman-malik.html|date=25 September 2011|work=Dawn|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927081101/http://www.dawn.com/2011/09/25/cia-created-haqqani-network-rehman-malik.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Haqqani network created by the CIA: Rehman Malik|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/260065/haqqani-network-created-by-the-cia-rehman-malik/|date=25 September 2011|work=The Tribune|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927155030/http://tribune.com.pk/story/260065/haqqani-network-created-by-the-cia-rehman-malik/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=CIA, not Pakistan, created Haqqani network: Malik|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=9102&Cat=13|date=26 September 2011|publisher=The News|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927065751/http://thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=9102&Cat=13|url-status=dead}} The Pakistani interior minister also warned that any incursion on Pakistani territory by U.S. forces will not be tolerated. A Pakistani intelligence official insisted that the American allegations are part of "pressure tactics" used by the United States as a strategy "to shift the war theatre."{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/257977/pakistan-warns-us-no-boots-on-our-ground/|title=Brittle relations: Islamabad 'vehemently' rejects US 'proxy war' claims|work=The Express Tribune|date=22 September 2011|access-date=23 September 2011|archive-date=24 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924052439/http://tribune.com.pk/story/257977/pakistan-warns-us-no-boots-on-our-ground/|url-status=live}} An unnamed Pakistani official was reported to have said after a meeting of the nation's top military officials that "We have already conveyed to the US that Pakistan cannot go beyond what it has already done".Zirulnick, Ariel. [http://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2011/0926/Pakistan-refuses-to-battle-Haqqani-network "Pakistan refuses to battle Haqqani network."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926233221/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2011/0926/Pakistan-refuses-to-battle-Haqqani-network |date=26 September 2011 }} The Christian Science Monitor, 26 September 2011. However, Pakistani claims were contradicted by the network's warnings against any U.S. military incursions into North Waziristan. However a month after the allegation, ties improved slightly and the US asked Pakistan to assist it in starting negotiation talks with the Taliban.{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=25732|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913005136/http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=25732|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 September 2012|title=US seeks Pak aid in peace efffort|date=31 October 2011|work=The News International, Pakistan|access-date=20 May 2015}}

There was a paradigm shift within the Pakistani military and in 2014 the Pakistani Armed Forces launched a major offensive Operation Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan, aimed at displacing all militants foreign and domestic from Pakistan, including the Haqqanni network. The operation was commanded by General Qamar Javed Bajwa.{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/786641/us-commander-commends-zarb-e-azb-for-disrupting-haqqani-networks-ability-to-target-afghanistan/|title=US commander commends Zarb-e-Azb for disrupting Haqqani network's ability to target Afghanistan|work=Express News|date=6 November 2014|access-date=5 December 2014|archive-date=20 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320152633/http://tribune.com.pk/story/786641/us-commander-commends-zarb-e-azb-for-disrupting-haqqani-networks-ability-to-target-afghanistan/|url-status=live}}

Antonio Giustozzi, an expert on the Taliban with the Royal United Services Institute in London, said that the Haqqani network has been "getting closer" to Iran as Pakistan and Saudi Arabia cut funding to it.{{cite web |last1=Bezhan |first1=Frud |title=Iranian Links: New Taliban Splinter Group Emerges That Opposes U.S. Peace Deal |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-splinter-group-peace-deal-iranian-links/30661777.html |website=www.rferl.org |date=9 June 2020 |quote=The Haqqani network has strong ties to Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. But Giustozzi said the network is "getting closer" to Iran as Islamabad and Riyadh cut funding to it. |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821035916/https://www.rferl.org/amp/afghanistan-taliban-splinter-group-peace-deal-iranian-links/30661777.html |url-status=live }} In August 2020, US intelligence agencies assessed that Iran has been offering bounties to the Haqqani network to target US and coalition troops in Afghanistan. The US intelligence agencies identified payments linked to at least six attacks carried out by the militant group in 2019 including the Bagram Airfield attack.{{cite web |last1=Cohen |first1=Zachary |title=US intelligence indicates Iran paid bounties to Taliban for targeting American troops in Afghanistan |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/17/politics/iran-taliban-bounties-us-intelligence/index.html |website=CNN |date=17 August 2020 |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=15 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215040830/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/17/politics/iran-taliban-bounties-us-intelligence/index.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |title=Iran reportedly paid bounties to Afghan group for attacks on Americans |url=https://theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/17/iran-bounties-us-troops-afghanistan-taliban |website=the Guardian |date=17 August 2020 |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821024845/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/17/iran-bounties-us-troops-afghanistan-taliban |url-status=live }}

However, Iranian authorities denied making any payments to the militant group to target US troops in Afghanistan. Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Saeed Khatibzadeh, categorised the US intelligence report as propaganda. He also said that the US is trying to hide its "miscalculations" in Afghanistan by resorting to such propaganda.{{cite web |title=Iran denies paying Taliban to target US troops, calls reports propaganda |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/amp/News/world/2020/08/18/-Entirely-false-Iran-denies-paying-Taliban-to-target-US-troops |website=Al Arabiya English |date=18 August 2020 |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821024845/https://english.alarabiya.net/amp/News/world/2020/08/18/-Entirely-false-Iran-denies-paying-Taliban-to-target-US-troops |url-status=live }}

In July 2008, Jalaluddin's son Omar Haqqani was killed in a firefight with coalition forces in Paktia.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080924043949/http://www.thenews.com.pk/print3.asp?id=15932 Haqqani's son killed in Paktia], The News International, 11 July 2008 In September 2008, Daande Darpkhel airstrike drones fired six missiles at the home of the Haqqanis and a madrasah run by the network. However both Jalaluddin and Sirajuddin were not present though several family members were killed.[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/08/AR2008090800263.html U.S. Missiles Said To Kill 20 in Pakistan Near Afghan Border] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106113654/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/08/AR2008090800263.html |date=6 November 2012 }}, The Washington Post, 9 September 2008 Among 23 people killed was one of Jalaluddin's two wives, sister, sister-in-law and eight of his grandchildren. In March 2009, the US State Department announced a reward of $5 million for information leading to the location, arrest, or conviction of Sirajuddin under the Rewards for Justice Program.{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/03/120864.htm|title=Rewards For Justice: Sirajuddin Haqqani|publisher=U.S. State Department|date=14 January 2008|access-date=27 July 2011|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225153321/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/03/120864.htm|url-status=live}} In May 2010, US senator and United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Chair Dianne Feinstein wrote to United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton urging her to add the Haqqani network to U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h5i-QzMfNV5Em8FX2BRBWDhUIQOQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100517152313/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h5i-QzMfNV5Em8FX2BRBWDhUIQOQ|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 May 2010|title=US Senator: Label Pakistan Taliban, Haqqani, as terrorists|date=13 May 2010|publisher=Agence France-Presse|access-date=25 May 2010}}

ISAF and Afghan forces killed a network leader, Fazil Subhan, plus an unknown number of Haqqani militiamen, in a raid in Khost in the second week of June 2010. In a press release, ISAF reported that Subhan helped facilitate the movement of Al-Qaeda fighters into Afghanistan.{{cite web|last=Roggio|first=Bill|title=US, Afghan Forces Kill Haqqani Network Commander During Raid in Khost|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/06/us_afghan_forces_kil_1.php|work=Long War Journal|date=14 June 2010|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-date=18 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518135502/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/06/us_afghan_forces_kil_1.php|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/afghan-international-force-clears-haqqani-stronghold.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129064954/http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/afghan-international-force-clears-haqqani-stronghold.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2012|title=Afghan, International Force Clears Haqqani Stronghold|access-date= 22 September 2011|date=14 June 2010|publisher=ISAF}}

In late July 2011, U.S. and Afghan special forces killed dozens of insurgents during an operation in eastern Paktika province to clear a training camp the Haqqani network used for foreign (Arab and Chechen) fighters; reports of the number killed varied, with one source saying "more than 50" to "nearly 80".{{cite news|url=http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/26/rare-glimpse-into-u-s-special-operations-forces-in-afghanistan/|title=Rare glimpse into U.S. special operations forces in Afghanistan|publisher=CNN|work=Security Clearance (blog)|date=26 July 2011|access-date=27 July 2011|quote=U.S. and Afghan troops attacked an insurgent encampment, killing nearly 80 foreign fighters…. The camp they attacked and the fighters there were part of the so-called Haqqanni network, which is responsible for many recent attacks in Afghanistan and is closely tied to al Qaeda. The Haqqanis traditionally rely on Afghan and Pakistani fighters, but in this instance most of the fighters there who were killed were Arabs and Chechens, brought into Afghanistan from Pakistan.|archive-date=28 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328055724/http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/26/rare-glimpse-into-u-s-special-operations-forces-in-afghanistan/|url-status=dead}} Disenfranchised insurgents told security forces where the camp was located, the coalition said.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-violence-idUSTRE76L36220110722|title=NATO kills 50 fighters, clears Afghan training camp|publisher=Reuters|first=Michelle|last=Nichols|date=22 July 2011|access-date=23 July 2011|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722215108/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/22/us-afghanistan-violence-idUSTRE76L36220110722|url-status=live}}

On 1 October 2011, NATO announced the capture of Haji Mali Khan, "the senior Haqqani commander in Afghanistan," during an operation in Jani Khel district of Afghanistan's Paktia province. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid denied that the capture occurred while Haqqani network members declined to respond to the announcement.

According to an unnamed Pakistani official a US drone strike on a compound killed Jamil Haqqani, an "important Afghan commander of Haqqani network" responsible for logistics in North Waziristan, on 13 October 2011. Three other network fighters were also killed in the two missile blasts. The compound was located in Dandey Darpakhel village, about 7 km (4 miles) north of Miranshah.{{cite news|title=US drones strike in North, South Waziristan|date=13 October 2011|publisher=The Express Tribune News Network|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/273122/us-drone-strike-kills-four-in-n-waziristan-2/|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=13 October 2011|archive-date=14 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014042035/http://tribune.com.pk/story/273122/us-drone-strike-kills-four-in-n-waziristan-2/|url-status=live}}

In mid-October 2011, Afghan and NATO forces launched "Operation Shamshir" and "Operation Knife Edge" against the Haqqani network in south-eastern Afghanistan, with the intent to counter possible security threats in the border regions. An ISAF spokesman said that Operation Shamshir "was aimed at securing key population centers and expanding the Kabul security zone,"{{cite news|first=Mujib|last=Mashal|title=Afghan forces target Haqqani strongholds|date=25 October 2011|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/10/2011102415575819318.html|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026015427/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/10/2011102415575819318.html|url-status=live}} while Afghan Defense Minister, Abdul Rahim Wardak, explained that Operation Knife Edge would "help eliminate the insurgents before they struck in areas along the troubled frontier."{{cite news|url=http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/18/push-launched-against-haqqanis-border-areas|title=Push launched against Haqqanis in border areas|work=pajhwok.com|date=18 October 2011|access-date=20 May 2015|last1=Sharifzada|first1=Jawad|archive-date=14 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145825/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/18/push-launched-against-haqqanis-border-areas|url-status=live}} The two operations ended on 23 October 2011 and at least 20 insurgents, of the some 200 killed or captured, had ties to the Haqqani network according to ISAF.[https://news.yahoo.com/nato-200-afghan-militants-killed-captured-074709256.html NATO: 200 Afghan militants killed, captured] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305053430/http://news.yahoo.com/nato-200-afghan-militants-killed-captured-074709256.html |date=5 March 2016 }} by Deb Riechmann. 24 October 2011.

On 2 November 2011, The Express Tribune reported that the Pakistani Army had agreed with the United States to restrict the network's movement along the Afghan border in exchange for America dropping its demands for a full-scale offensive. The report emerged soon after a visit by Hillary Clinton to Pakistan.{{cite news|first=Kamran|last=Yousaf|title=Pakistan looks to restrict Haqqanis' movement|date=2 November 2011|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/286354/pakistan-looks-to-restrict-haqqanis-movement/?cid=nlc-dailybrief-daily_news_brief-link19-20111102|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=3 November 2011|archive-date=21 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121070651/http://tribune.com.pk/story/286354/pakistan-looks-to-restrict-haqqanis-movement/?cid=nlc-dailybrief-daily_news_brief-link19-20111102|url-status=live}}

Curtis M. Scaparrotti, commander of International Security Assistance Force Joint Command, has said that Haqqani can be defeated through a combination of a layered defense in Afghanistan and interdiction against the sanctuaries in Pakistan.Marshall, Tyrone C. Jr. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205070511/http://www.defense.gov/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=65845 "Objectives Achievable Despite Pakistan Sanctuaries, General Says."] American Forces Press Service, 27 October 2011.

In June 2014 a drone attack reportedly killed 10 members of the Haqqani network including a high-level commander, Haji Gul, in the country's tribal area of North Waziristan. The Pakistan government publicly condemned the attack, but according to a government official had privately approved it.{{cite news|title=Controversial US drone attack in Pakistan, 16 killed|url=http://www.pakistannews.net/index.php/sid/222852683/scat/8c3d7d78943a99c7/ht/Controversial-US-drone-attack-in-Pakistan-16-killed|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140615080349/http://www.pakistannews.net/index.php/sid/222852683/scat/8c3d7d78943a99c7/ht/Controversial-US-drone-attack-in-Pakistan-16-killed|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2014|access-date=12 June 2014|publisher=Pakistan News.Net}}

In 2014, the Pakistani Armed Forces launched a major offensive Operation Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan aimed at displacing all militants foreign and domestic, including the Haqqani network from its soil. On 5 November 2014, Lt. Gen. Joseph Anderson, a senior commander for US and Nato forces in Afghanistan, said in a Pentagon-hosted video briefing from Afghanistan that the Haqqani network is now "fractured" like the Taliban. "They are fractured. They are fractured like the Taliban is. That's based pretty much on the Pakistan's operations in North Waziristan this entire summer-fall," he said, acknowledging the effectiveness of Pakistan's military offensive. "That has very much disrupted their efforts in Afghanistan and has caused them to be less effective in terms of their ability to pull off an attack in Kabul," Anderson added. {{cite news|title=Operation Zarb-i-Azb disrupted Haqqani network: US general|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1142664/|date=6 November 2014|work=Dawn|access-date=7 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106124030/http://www.dawn.com/news/1142664|archive-date=6 November 2014|url-status=dead}}

Until 1 November 2011, six Haqqani network commanders were designated as terrorists under Executive Order 13224 since 2008 and their assets were frozen while prohibiting others from engaging in financial transactions with them:{{cite news|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/11/us_adds_senior_haqqa.php|title=US adds senior Haqqani Network leader to terrorist list|work=The Long War Journal|date=November 2011|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-date=3 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103193812/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/11/us_adds_senior_haqqa.php|url-status=live}}

• In March 2008, the US State Department designated Sirajuddin Haqqani a terrorist and a year later issued a $5 million bounty for information leading to his capture.
• The State Department placed Nasiruddin Haqqani on its list of terrorists in July 2010.
• In February 2011, Khalil al Rahman Haqqani was designated a terrorist by the US State Department.
• In an effort to stop the flow of funds to the network, the US State Department announced on 16 August 2011 measures against Sangeen Zadran as "Shadow Governor for Paktika Province, Afghanistan and a commander of the Haqqani Network." The US designated Zadran under Executive Order 13224 while the United Nations listed him under Security Council Resolution 1988.{{cite news|title=US tries to stem funds to Haqqani network commander|date=16 August 2011|publisher=AFP|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/232918/us-tries-to-stem-funds-to-haqqani-network-commander/|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=17 August 2011|archive-date=28 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128232531/http://tribune.com.pk/story/232918/us-tries-to-stem-funds-to-haqqani-network-commander/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/08/170582.htm|title=Designation of Haqqani Network Commander Sangeen Zadran|access-date=17 August 2011|date=16 August 2011|publisher=U.S. Department of State|archive-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228125635/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/08/170582.htm|url-status=live}}
• The U.S. Department of Treasury added Abdul Aziz Abbasin, "a key commander in the Haqqani Network", to the list of individuals on the executive order in September 2011.
• On 1 November 2011, Haji Mali Khan, who was already in ISAF custody, was added to the list.

In September 2011, the US Senate Appropriations Committee voted to make a $1 billion counter-insurgency aid package to the Pakistani military conditional upon Pakistani action against militant groups, including the Haqqani network. The decision would still need to receive approval from the US House of Representatives and the US Senate.{{cite news|title=US senators link Pakistan aid to Haqqani crackdown|date=22 September 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15014800|work=BBC|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-date=22 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922171026/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15014800|url-status=live}} According to the press release, "[t]he bill includes strengthened restrictions on assistance for Pakistan by conditioning all funds to the Government of Pakistan on cooperation against the Haqqani network, al Qaeda, and other terrorist organizations, with a waiver, and funding based on achieving benchmarks."{{cite web|url=http://appropriations.senate.gov/news.cfm?method=news.view&id=3105a024-f546-4e7a-9931-7b95ad620dba|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926051438/http://appropriations.senate.gov/news.cfm?method=news.view&id=3105a024-f546-4e7a-9931-7b95ad620dba|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2011|title=Summary: FY12 State, Foreign Operations Appropriations Bill|access-date=22 September 2011|date=21 September 2011|publisher=U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations}}

On 7 September 2012, the Obama administration blacklisted the group as a foreign terrorist organization. The decision was mandated by Congress and was a source of debate within the administration.{{cite news|last=Schmitt|first=Eric|title=U.S. Backs Blacklisting Militant Organization|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/world/asia/white-house-backs-blacklisting-militant-organization.html?_r=1&emc=na|work=The New York Times|access-date=7 September 2012|date=6 September 2012|archive-date=18 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618043426/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/07/world/asia/white-house-backs-blacklisting-militant-organization.html?_r=1&emc=na|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/09/201297134941881703.html|title=US designates Haqqani group as 'terrorists'|agency=Al Jazeera|date=7 September 2012|access-date=7 September 2012|archive-date=8 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908181621/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/09/201297134941881703.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/haqqani-network-to-be-designated-a-terrorist-group-obama-officials-say/2012/09/07/e6576ac0-f8f6-11e1-a073-78d05495927c_story.html|title=Haqqani network to be designated a terrorist group|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=7 September 2012|access-date=7 September 2012|author=DeYoung, Karen|archive-date=15 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115063512/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/haqqani-network-to-be-designated-a-terrorist-group-obama-officials-say/2012/09/07/e6576ac0-f8f6-11e1-a073-78d05495927c_story.html|url-status=live}}

On 5 November 2012, the United Nations Security Council added the network to a blacklist of Taliban-related groups.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20214211 |title=UN adds Haqqani network to Taliban sanctions list |publisher=BBC News |date=5 November 2012 |access-date=6 November 2012 |archive-date=6 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106023913/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20214211 |url-status=live }}

On 9 May 2013, the government of Canada listed it as a terror group.{{cite web|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx#2011|title=About the listing process|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202121931/https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx#2011|url-status=live}}

In March 2015, the UK proscribed the Haqqani network as a terror group.[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/509003/20160318proscription.pdf Proscribed Terrorist Organisations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607164714/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/509003/20160318proscription.pdf |date=7 June 2016 }} UK Home Office.

On 25 August 2015, Abdulaziz Haqqani was sanction as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist with a reward of up to $5 million USD for information regarding his location.{{Cite web |title=Aziz Haqqani |url=https://rewardsforjustice.net/rewards/aziz-haqqani/ |access-date=19 January 2022 |website=Rewards for Justice |language=en-US |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707082556/https://rewardsforjustice.net/rewards/aziz-haqqani/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=7 September 2015 |title=Abdul Aziz Haqqani Designated Global Terrorist |url=https://editorials.voa.gov/a/abdul-aziz-haqqani-designated-global-terrorist/2952770.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=Voice of America |language=en |archive-date=18 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118174835/https://editorials.voa.gov/a/abdul-aziz-haqqani-designated-global-terrorist/2952770.html |url-status=live }}

US officials confirmed that they held preliminary talks during the summer of 2011 with representatives of the militant network at the request of the ISI. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that the US had reached out to the Haqqanis to gauge their willingness to engage in a peace process and that "Pakistani government officials helped to facilitate such a meeting."{{cite news|title=Hillary Clinton: US held meeting with Haqqani network|date=21 October 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15399820|publisher=BBC News|access-date=22 October 2011|archive-date=21 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021182942/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15399820|url-status=live}} The New York Times reported that talks secretly began in late August 2011 in the United Arab Emirates between a midlevel American diplomat and Ibrahim Haqqani, Jalalludin's brother. Gen. Ahmed Shuja Pasha, head of the ISI, brokered the discussion, but little resulted from the meeting.{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Schmitt|author2=David E. Sanger|title=U.S. Seeks Aid From Pakistan in Peace Effort|date=30 October 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/31/world/asia/united-states-seeks-pakistan-spy-agencys-help-for-afghan-talks.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=31 October 2011|archive-date=31 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031171135/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/31/world/asia/united-states-seeks-pakistan-spy-agencys-help-for-afghan-talks.html|url-status=live}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Cite book |last1=Rassler |first1=Don |author2=Vahid Brown |year=2013 |title=Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus, 1973–2012 |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |edition=1st |isbn=9780231704380 |oclc=794366385}}
• {{Cite book |last=Van Dyk |first=Jere |year=2022 |title=Without Borders: The Haqqani Network and the Road to Kabul |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Academica Press |isbn=9781680538656 |oclc=1302578352}}

• [https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Haqqani_Network_0.pdf The Haqqani Network] (PDF), by Jeffrey A. Dressler, Institute for the Study of War
• [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/haqqani.htm Haqqani Network], GlobalSecurity.org
• [http://www.understandingwar.org/themenode/haqqani-network Haqqani Network], Institute for the Study of War
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090330072513/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=haqqani Sirajuddin Haqqani], Rewards for Justice Program
• [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14912957 Haqqanis: Growth of a militant network], BBC News, 14 September 2011
• [https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60622S20100107 Q&A: Who are the Haqqanis?], Reuters
• {{NYTtopic|organizations/h/haqqani_network}}
• [http://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/CTC_Haqqani_Network_Financing-Report__Final.pdf Haqqani Network Financing: The Evolution of an Industry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816195026/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/CTC_Haqqani_Network_Financing-Report__Final.pdf |date=16 August 2021 }} – The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, July 2012
• [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB389/ The Haqqani History: Bin Ladin's Advocate inside the Taliban] – National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book, 11 September 2012

{{Militant Islamism in South Asia}}

Category:Anti-Soviet factions in the Soviet–Afghan War

Category:Islamist groups

Category:Islamic terrorism in Afghanistan

Category:Jihadist groups in Afghanistan

Category:Jihadist groups in Pakistan

Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada

Category:Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States

Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom