Hardcore punk in the United Kingdom

File:GBH live in 2006.jpg were at the forefront of the first wave of UK hardcore]]

The first wave of UK hardcore punk is often referred to as "UK 82" or simply "second wave punk".Glasper 2004, p. 8-9 The sound of the groups from this era is called street punk through its building upon the previous punk sound and added the heavy drumbeats and distorted guitar sound of new wave of British heavy metal bands and Motörhead.Glasper 2004, p. 47 The term "UK 82" was taken from Edinburgh band the Exploited's song of the same name. They contrasted with early American hardcore bands by placing an emphasis on appearance. Frontman Walter "Wattie" Buchan had a giant red mohawk and the band continued to wear swastikas, an approach influenced by the wearing of this symbol by 1970s punks such as Sid Vicious. Because of this, the Exploited were labeled by others in the scene as "cartoon punks".Glasper 2004, p. 360

Formed in 1977 in Stoke-on-Trent, Discharge were of the most prominent bands in UK 82. AllMusic calls the band's sound a "high-speed noise overload" characterized by "ferocious noise blasts."{{cite web |author=Dean McFarlane |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/discharge-mw0000221091 |title=Discharge - Discharge | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |website=AllMusic |date=2002-07-09 |access-date=2014-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726035856/http://www.allmusic.com/album/discharge-mw0000221091 |archive-date=2015-07-26}} The sound of their many imitators was dubbed as D-beat, referring to the band's distinctive drum beat."I just wanna be remembered for coming up with that f-ckin' D-beat in the first place! And inspiring all those f-ckin' great Discore bands around the world!" – Terry "Tez" Roberts, Glasper 2004, p. 175. According to writer Ian Glasper, the Varukers from Leamington Spa, are often cited as the original D-beat band, due to their close sonic proximity to Discharge.Glasper 2004, p. 65. Bands from this era, particularly Discharge and GBH were influential upon the development of multiple heavy metal styles, such as thrash metal and black metal, being cited as an influence by bands including Slayer, Anthrax, Sepultura and Metallica.{{cite web |last1=Simpson |first1=Dave |title='They made Sex Pistols sound like Take That': the fury of Midlands punk |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/apr/21/midlands-punk-discharge-gbh-clay |website=The Guardian |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=15 May 2021}} Other prominent groups from this era include Broken Bones,{{Cite book|title = Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980–1984|last = Glasper|first = Ian|publisher = PM Press|year = 2014|isbn = 9781604869897|location = Oakland (CA)|pages = 177–180|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rcrqAwAAQBAJ}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Chaos UK,{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984 |publisher=Cherry Red Books |page=29}} English Dogs.{{cite web |title=ENGLISH DOGS Putting Finishing Touches On First Album In More Than Two Decades |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/english-dogs-putting-finishing-touches-on-first-album-in-more-than-two-decades/ |website=Blabbermouth.net |date=5 February 2014 |access-date=15 May 2021}}

In the second half of the 1980s, it became increasingly normalised for UK hardcore bands to be influenced by heavy metal styles.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985-89 |date=2009 |page=4}}

At this same time, a sect of bands began making music with more elements in common with U.S. groups than their UK contemporaries. The most notable of these included Heresy, the Stupids{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985-89 |date=2009 |page=586}} and Filler.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985-89 |date=2009 |page=146}}

File:Antisect Brighton 1985.jpg are one of the progenitors of crust punk]]

{{Main article|Crust punk}}

Crust punk is a form of music influenced by punk rock and extreme metal.{{cite web|last=Von Havoc |first=Felix |title=Rise of Crust |publisher=Profane Existence |date=1 January 1984 |url=http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/3/83 |access-date=16 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615163312/http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/3/83 |archive-date=15 June 2008}} Founded by the English bands AmebixPeter Jandreus, The Encyclopedia of Swedish Punk 1977-1987, Stockholm: Premium Publishing, 2008, p. 11.{{cite web|url=http://www.thegauntlet.com/article/1225/11817/.html |title=The Gauntlet |publisher=The Gauntlet |date=29 February 2008 |access-date=1 August 2010}} and Antisect, taking its name from Newcastle band Hellbastard's 1986 Ripper Crust demo. Deviated Instinct, Concrete Sox and Electro Hippies were also important crust punk bands from the time. Crust punk bands were a part of the hardcore scene of the time, despite not taking influence from the genre themselves. From this, crustcore developed when some crust punk bands began taking influence from hardcore and sometimes thrashcore. Felix Havok described Extreme Noise Terror's segment of the "Earslaughter" split album with Chaos UK as the first album in the genre, with Doom also being prominent in the style.

Crust punk influenced further developments into UK hardcore, specifically in its contribution to the creation of grindcore. It also made a significant impact on metal, with the high influential black metal band Bathory citing a number of crust bands as influences.Ekeroth, p. 27. Additionally, metal bands Sacrilege and Bolt Thrower began their careers involved in the West Midlands crust punk scene.

File:Carcass 08.jpg helped to pioneer grindcore in the mid-1980s]]

{{main article|Grindcore}}

Grindcore, developed during the mid-1980s in the United Kingdom by Napalm Death, a group who emerged from the anarcho-punk scene in Birmingham, England. Whilst their first recordings were in the vein of Crass,{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}} they eventually became associated with crust punk,"Crustgrind", "Grindcore Special" part 2, p. 46 The group began to take on increasing elements of thrashcore, post-punk, and power electronics, and began describing their sound as "Siege with Celtic Frost riffs".*{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|page=12 |edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}} The group also went through many changes in personnel. A major shift in style took place after Mick Harris became the group's drummer. Punk historian Ian Glasper indicates that "For several months gob-smacked audiences weren't sure whether Napalm Death were actually a serious band any longer, such was the undeniable novelty of their hyper-speed new drummer."{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|page=14 |year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}}

Earache was founded in 1985 by Digby Pearson, and would go on to help the further development of grindcore, hardcore and crust punk, by putting out releases from artists like Concrete Sox and Heresy. The label's first major release of note was MOSH 3, Napalm Death's Scum, which went on to reach number 7 in the UK indie chart.{{cite book|last1=Mundrian|first1=Albert|title=Choosing Death: The Improbable History of death metal and Grindcore|date=2015|publisher=Decibel Books|isbn=978-1935950165}}{{rp|143–146}}

Napalm Death's seismic impact inspired other British grindcore groups in the 1980s, among them Carcass and Sore Throat.Felix von Havoc, Maximum Rock'n'Roll #198. {{cite web|url=http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/1/20 |title=Havoc Records and Distribution |access-date=20 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605102813/http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/1/20 |archive-date=5 June 2008}} Archived by Havoc Records. Access date: 20 June 2008. Extreme Noise Terror, from Ipswich, formed in 1984. With the goal of becoming "the most extreme hardcore punk band of all time,"{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|page=273 |year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}} the group took Mick Harris from Napalm Death in 1987. Ian Glasper describes the group as "pissed-off hateful noise with its roots somewhere between early Discharge and Disorder, with [vocalists] Dean [Jones] and Phil [Vane] pushing their trademark vocal extremity to its absolute limit."{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|page=275 |year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}} In 1991, the group collaborated with the acid house group The KLF, appearing onstage with the group at the Brit Awards in 1992.{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|page=277 |year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}} Carcass released Reek of Putrefaction in 1988, which John Peel declared his favorite album of the year despite its very poor production.{{Citation |last=Mudrian |first=Albert |year=2004 |title=Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore |location=Port Townsend, WA |publisher=Feral House |isbn=978-1932595048 |page=132}} The band's focus on gore and anatomical decay, lyrically and in sleeve artwork, inspired the goregrind subgenre.{{cite magazine

| last = Widener

| first = Matthew

| title = Carcass Clones

| magazine = Decibel Magazine

| url = http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/dec2005/carcass_clones.aspx

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071214174913/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/dec2005/carcass_clones.aspx

| archive-date = 14 December 2007

| access-date = 28 November 2007}} Sore Throat, said by Ian Glasper to have taken "perhaps the most uncompromisingly anti-music stance"{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|page=273 |year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}} were inspired by crust punk as well as industrial music.{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|page=278 |year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}} Some listeners, such as Digby Pearson, considered them to be simply an in-joke or parody of grindcore.{{Citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|page=502 |year=2009|title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–1989|edition=Kindle|location=London|publisher=Cherry Red Books|id=ASIN: B008P1GXWU}}

According to NoEcho writer Ethan Stewart "the closest thing to a straight edge band for much of the [1980s] was Statement", a solo-project by the Apostles drummer Patrick "Rat" Poole. However, despite Poole being drug-free, vegan and having a massive influence on the development of hardline, he didn't identify with the straight edge label at the time. Additionally, many groups from the UK punk and hardcore scene did include straight edge members, namely Napalm Death, Blitz and Heresy.

The first entirely straight edge band in the country was Steadfast, who formed in Durham, England, in 1988. Despite originally being formed as a vehicle to annoy the members of the anarcho punk scene, the band eventually grew into a serious band.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985-89 |date=2009 |page=500}} Following this, a number of additional straight edge bands began to form including XdisciplineX, False Face, Headstong, Step One and Kickback. Nicolas Royles, drummer for Sore Throat, formed In Touch and Withstand around this time, which both morphed into No Way Out by 1990. This scene was based mostly based in North East of England and Yorkshire,{{cite journal |last1=Tatty-Bye |first1=Nick |title=Scene Reports |journal=Maximumrocknroll |date=Feb 1990 |url=https://archive.org/details/mrr_81/page/n49/mode/2up |access-date=3 December 2020}} and made up of musicians who became involved in the hardcore scene through skateboarding and the popularity of thrash metal.{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Ethan |title=A Look at the '80s and '90s UK Straight Edge Hardcore Scenes |date=2 December 2020 |url=https://www.noecho.net/features/uk-straight-edge |access-date=2 December 2020}} The bands were predominantly influenced by U.S. youth crew acts like Youth of Today and Gorilla Biscuits.{{cite AV media|date=1989 |title=UK Straight Edge}} Members of the existing punk and hardcore scenes in the country often reacted negatively to the straight edge bands, to the extent that on multiple occasions fights broke out between the musicians and fans.

Voorhees were a prominent hardcore band in 1990s hardcore. Formed in 1991 by members of UK straight edge bands Steadfast and False Face, they released three full-length albums, recorded a Peel session for BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel and would go on to be cited as an influence by bands and musicians such as Kill Your Idols{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=ARMED WITH ANGER: HOW UK PUNK SURVIVED THE NINETIES |date=1 July 2012 |publisher=Cherry Red Books}} and Chubby Charles.{{cite web |title=Chubby and The Gang: west London hardcore punks' thrilling debut captures lightning in a bottle |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/chubby-and-the-gang-speed-kills-interview-2807179 |website=NME |date=2 November 2020 |access-date=15 May 2021}}

The largest sect of UK hardcore in the 1990s was emotional hardcore.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=ARMED WITH ANGER: HOW UK PUNK SURVIVED THE NINETIES |date=1 July 2012 |publisher=Cherry Red Books |page=23}} According to a 1994 article by Vice, "the main group" in the scene was Fabric. Formed in London in 1992 by former members of Long Cold Stare and Ordinary Eye, the band released two albums before their breakup. Other groups from this period included Understand, Dead Wrong and Bob Tilton.{{cite web |last1=Capper |first1=Andy |title=THIS IS UKHC, NOT LA |url=http://www.viceland.com/int/v16n10/htdocs/this-is-ukhc-not-la-202.php#selection-785.320-785.581 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105041532/http://www.viceland.com/int/v16n10/htdocs/this-is-ukhc-not-la-202.php#selection-785.320-785.581 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-05 |website=Vice Media |access-date=15 May 2021}}

A second wave of UK straight edge began in the mid-1990s. Mostly based around Subjugation and Sure Hand Records, this wave saw members of many of the first wave bands form new bands and begin to embrace influences from heavy metal. The main location for this scene was the 1 in 12 Club, an anarchist club in Bradford, West Yorkshire, as groups like Unborn, Slavearc, Vengeance of Gaia and Withdrawn performed there frequently.

In 1996, a hardcore scene in London began around the informal collective "London Black-Up", which include bands like Knuckledust, Ninebar and Bun Dem Out. Bands in this scene often incorporated elements of grime, hip hip and metal into their sounds and was based around venues such as the Camden Underworld, New Cross Inn and the Dome in Tufnell Park.{{cite web |last1=Hutchcraft |first1=Jak |title=Meeting LBU, London's Hardcore Party Crew |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ppxavy/lbu-london-hardcore-298 |website=Vice Media |date=28 July 2015 |access-date=16 May 2021}}

File:Gallowsband.jpg, from Watford, were the first UK hardcore band to sign to a major label]]

The 2000s saw the rise in prominent of a number of UK post-hardcore bands,{{cite web |last1=Ryan |first1=Gary |title=Farewell Funeral For A Friend – Five Other British Post-Hardcore Bands Worth Revisiting |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/farewell-funeral-for-a-friend-five-other-british-post-hardcore-bands-worth-revisiting-15390 |website=NME |date=18 September 2015 |access-date=15 May 2021}} the most prominent of which was Bridgend's Funeral for a Friend, whose 2003 debut album Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation peaked at number 12 on the UK singles chart.{{cite web|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/funeral%20for%20a%20friend/|title=Funeral For A Friend Artist Official Charts|publisher=Official Charts Company|access-date=26 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313154357/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/funeral%20for%20a%20friend/|archive-date=13 March 2013}} London's Fightstar released their debut studio album, Grand Unification, in 2006, which Kerrang! editor Paul Brannigan called "one of the best British rock albums of the last decade".{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/music-gigs/INTERVIEW-Fightstar.4925133.jp |title=Interview: Fightstar |newspaper=Yorkshire Evening Post |access-date=29 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215021024/http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/music-gigs/INTERVIEW-Fightstar.4925133.jp |archive-date=15 February 2009}} They then received a nomination for Best British Band at the 2006 Kerrang! Awards{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4780000/newsid_4781000/4781007.stm |title=Fightstar up for best band award |publisher=CBBC |access-date=15 July 2009 |date=10 August 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221060623/http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4780000/newsid_4781000/4781007.stm |archive-date=21 February 2007}} Leeds band ¡Forward, Russia!'s, merger of post-hardcore and dance-punk led to them gaining significant attention as a part of the New Yorkshire movement in indie rock.{{cite web |title=10 Years On: What Are The Stars Of 2005 Indie Doing Now? |url=https://thequietus.com/articles/00024-forward-russia-life-processes |website=NME |date=11 April 2008 |access-date=15 May 2021}} And None of Them Knew They Were Robots were also influential within the Leeds post-hardcore scene,{{cite web |title=DARTZ! |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/tees/content/articles/2006/03/15/dartz_feature.shtml |website=BBC |access-date=28 November 2019}}{{cite web |title=AND NONE OF THEM KNEW THEY WERE ROBOTS JULY TOUR |url=http://www.punktastic.com/news/and-none-of-them-knew-they-were-robots-july-tour/ |access-date=28 November 2019}} in addition to spawning crossover thrash band Send More Paramedics in 2001, who won Zane Lowe's the 'fresh meat' competition on BBC Radio 1 show, leading to a "Guerilla Gig Live" performance on BBC Three."[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/guerilla/paramedics/ B'Hellmouth speaks...to Guerilla Gig live]", BBC, 2005, retrieved 15 September 2009{{cite book |last1=Pulliam |first1=June Michele |title=Encyclopedia of the Zombie: The Walking Dead in Popular Culture and Myth |pages=320}} Other notable bands from this era include Jarcrew, Hell Is for Heroes, Yourcodenameis:milo, Hundred Reasons and Million Dead.

Watford hardcore band Gallows released their debut album Orchestra of Wolves on 25 September 2006 through In at the Deep End Records in the U.K. and Epitaph Records in the U.S.{{cite web |last1=Lymangrover |first1=Jason |title=Gallows Biography by Jason Lymangrover |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/gallows-mn0000618938/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=29 December 2019}} The album peaked at number 57 on the U.K. charts.{{cite web |title=Gallows |website=Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/2353/gallows/ |access-date=29 December 2019}} In March 2007, Gallows signed a deal with Warner Bros Records, making them the first British hardcore punk band to sign to a major label.{{cite web |title=Gallows sign major label deal |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/gallows-79-1343742 |website=NME |date=27 March 2007 |access-date=29 December 2019}} On 2 May 2009, Gallows released their sophomore album Grey Britain,"Gallows: Classic Concepts". (January 2009). Rock Sound, p.65 which was a concept album based on Britain after the 2008 financial crisis, which was "centered on a world of emboldened racism, xenophobia, knife crime and inescapable mental illness".{{cite web |last1=Connick |first1=Tom |title=Gallows Predicted Fractured Brexit Britain, Ten Years Early |url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/pajpxk/gallows-grey-britain-ten-years-recession-brexit-britain |website=Vice Media |date=2 May 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019}} It peaked at number 20 on the U.K. charts. The album led to Warner Bros dropping the group due to them believing it to be too confrontational politically.{{cite journal |last1=Law |first1=Sam |title=Frank Carter From Gallows to the Rattlesnakes, a Lifetime Laid Bare |journal=Kerrang! |date=3 April 2019 |page=3}} The album debuted at number 20 in the UK album chart,{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |title=Radio 1 - Chart - The Official UK Top 40 Albums Chart |publisher=BBC |date=2007-02-24 |access-date=2011-11-14}} leading to Ben Myers of Mojo commented "Not since the Pistols and the Specials has a pissed off provincial band so clearly meant it"{{cite magazine|url=http://cover.mojo4music.com/Item.aspx?pageNo=1800&year=2009|date=June 2009|issue=187|page=98|journal=Mojo|title=Grey Britain review|last=Meyers|first=Ben Meyers}} Kerrang! listed Grey Britain as the best album of 2009.{{cite web|url=https://www.besteveralbums.com/thechart.php?c=26040|title=2009 Kerrang! Magazine Albums Of The Year 2009}} NME listed the album among the 15 greatest hardcore punk albums of all time.{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/best-hardcore-albums-ever-2287103|title=Get in the pit: the best hardcore albums of all time - NME|website=NME |date=12 April 2018}} The success of Gallows led to other British hardcore acts of the time gain notability like the Ghost of a Thousand, Heights,{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Stephen |title=The top 10 most underrated UK hardcore records |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-top-10-most-underrated-uk-hardcore-albums-records |website=Metal Hammer |date=5 July 2016 |access-date=28 January 2020}} Dead Swans and Blackhole.{{cite web |last1=Morton |first1=Luke |title=Blackhole are back and still doing it for themselves |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/blackhole-are-back-and-still-doing-it-for-themselves |website=Metal Hammer |date=4 December 2015 |access-date=16 May 2021}}

{{see also|Metalcore}}

File:Warped Tour 2010 - BMTH 21.jpg were one of the most prominent bands in UK metalcore in the 2000s]]

Bridgend, Wales band Bullet for My Valentine's debut album The Poison was released in October 2005 in Europe and was released in February 2006 in the United States. On July 26, 2006, Blabbermouth.net reported that The Poison has sold 72,000 copies in the United States.{{cite news |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/bullet-for-my-valentine-the-poison-reissue-detailed/ |title=BULLET FOR MY VALENTINE: 'The Poison' Reissue Detailed |work=Blabbermouth.net |date=July 26, 2006 |access-date=November 29, 2019 |archive-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203165319/https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/bullet-for-my-valentine-the-poison-reissue-detailed/ |url-status=live}} On October 27, 2007, Blabbermouth.net reported that The Poison has sold 336,000 copies in the United States.{{cite news |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/bullet-for-my-valentine-frontman-says-new-album-will-blow-the-poison-out-of-the-water/ |title=BULLET FOR MY VALENTINE Frontman Says New Album Will Blow 'The Poison' Out Of The Water |work=Blabbermouth.net |date=October 27, 2007 |access-date=November 29, 2019 |archive-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203170316/https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/bullet-for-my-valentine-frontman-says-new-album-will-blow-the-poison-out-of-the-water/ |url-status=live}} On April 3, 2010, Billboard reported that The Poison sold 573,000 copies in the United States. The Poison was certified gold by the RIAA on January 30, 2009.{{Certification Cite Ref|title=The Poison|artist=Bullet for My Valentine|type=album|region=United States}} Bullet for My Valentine's second album Scream Aim Fire, released in 2008, peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200 and sold 360,000 copies in the United States.{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOA5W_BoYGIC&q=bullet+for+my+valentine+soundscan+360%2C000&pg=RA13-PA14 |title=Big RED |date=April 3, 2010 |access-date=November 29, 2019 |magazine=Billboard |volume=122 |number=13 |issn= 0006-2510 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |page=14}} Bullet for My Valentine's 2010 album Fever peaked at number 3 on the Billboard 200, selling 71,000 copies in the United States during its first week of release. Fever{{'s}} song "Your Betrayal" peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/bullet-for-my-valentine/chart-history/hbu/ |title=Bullet for My Valentine (Bubbling Under Hot 100) |magazine=Billboard |access-date=November 29, 2019}}

The late-2000s metalcore scene was fronted by Architects and Bring Me the Horizon. In 2008, Brighton band Architects became the second British band to sign to the label Century Media Records.{{cite web |last1=Callan |first1=Alex |title=How Architects Became One Of The Biggest Metal Bands In The World. |date=9 February 2021 |url=https://www.hysteriamag.com/architects-became-one-biggest-metal-bands-world/ |access-date=15 May 2021}} Their debut on the label, 2009's Hollow Crown, peaked at 117 on the UK Albums Chart,{{cite web |url=http://zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_A.HTM |title=Chart Log UK 1994–2010: A – Azzido Da Bass |publisher=zobbel.de |access-date=6 September 2017}} their subsequent albums gradually raising in chart prominence, with their 2016 album All Our Gods Have Abandoned Us eventually peaking at 15.{{cite web |title=Official Albums Chart Top 100 03 June 2016 - 09 June 2016 |website=Official Charts |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/20160603/7502/}} Sheffield's Bring Me the Horizon began their career playing deathcore, before transitioning into metalcore with their second album Suicide Season.{{cite web |last1=SHARP |first1=TYLER |title=Bring Me the Horizon Played Their Deathcore Songs Last Night and Have Never Sounded Heavier |url=https://loudwire.com/bring-me-the-horizon-deathcore-video-2018/ |website=Loudwire |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=15 May 2021}} In 2013, they signed to the major label RCA Records,{{cite news |title=BRING ME THE HORIZON ANNOUNCE NEW RECORD LABEL |url=https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/bring-me-the-horizon-announce-new-record-label? |website=RockSound |access-date=15 May 2021}} who released their fourth album Sempiternal, which peaked at number 3 on the UK albums chart.{{cite web |title=Bring Me The Horizon |website=Official Charts |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5240/bring-me-the-horizon/ |access-date=15 May 2021}} The band's massive mainstream success led publications such as the Guardian and the Independent to accredit them as "the new Metallica".{{cite web |last1=Brey |first1=Elisa |title=Bring me the Horizon, interview: Could the band become the new Metallica? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/bring-me-horizon-interview-could-band-become-new-metallica-9890176.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/bring-me-horizon-interview-could-band-become-new-metallica-9890176.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=The Independent |date=28 November 2014 |access-date=15 May 2021}}{{cite web |last1=Hann |first1=Michael |title=Bring Me The Horizon: 'We'll never sell out arenas' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/04/bring-me-the-horizon-interview-sempiternal |website=The Guardian |date=4 April 2013 |access-date=15 May 2021}}

Asking Alexandria from York were the most successful bands to originate from the MySpace metalcore scene.{{cite web |last1=DIVITA |first1=JOE |title=THE 25 BEST METAL ALBUMS OF 2011 |url=https://loudwire.com/best-metal-albums-2011/ |website=Loudwire |date=25 January 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021}} They released their debut album Stand Up and Scream in 2009, reaching number 29 on the U.S. independent albums chart.{{cite magazine |title=Asking Alexandria |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/asking-alexandria/chart-history/ind/ |access-date=16 May 2021}} According to RockSound, the album made the band "global stars of the scene" and its influence "redefined and reinvigorated [the] genre nearly singlehandedly".{{cite web |last1=ROGERS |first1=JACK |title=A TRIBUTE TO ASKING ALEXANDRIA'S 'STAND UP AND SCREAM' |url=https://www.rocksound.tv/features/read/a-tribute-to-asking-alexandrias-stand-up-and-scream-the-album-that-jumpstar |website=RockSound |access-date=16 May 2021}} Its lead single "the Final Episode" was certified gold in the US in the following years.{{cite web |title=GOLD & PLATINUM | website=Recording Industry Association of America |url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Asking+Alexandria&ti=Final+Episode#search_section |access-date=16 May 2021}}

While She Sleeps from Sheffield were one of the most successful bands to come from the UK metalcore scene in the 2010s, playing sold-out shows across the country at venues like Brixton Academy.{{cite web |last1=Beaumont-Thomas |first1=Ben |title=While She Sleeps: Sleeps Society review – magnificent metalcore for a fractious world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/apr/15/while-she-sleeps-sleeps-society-review |website=The Guardian |date=15 April 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021}} Their 2017 third album You Are We peaked at number 8 on the UK albums charts.{{cite web |title=Official Albums Chart Top 100 |website=Official Charts |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/ |access-date=16 May 2021}} Bury Tomorrow from Southampton debuted around the same time, their 2018 album Black Flame peaked at number 21 on the UK albums charts,{{cite web |title=Official Albums Chart Top 100 |website=Official Charts |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/20180720/7502/ |access-date=16 May 2021}} and its follow up Cannibal peaked at number 10.{{cite web |title=Official Albums Chart Top 100 |website=Official Charts |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/20200710/7502/ |access-date=16 May 2021}}

Gallows vocalist Frank Carter returned to the hardcore scene with the formation of his band Frank Carter & The Rattlesnakes.{{cite web |title=Stand Up And Speak Out: Frank Carter And The Rattlesnakes |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/stand-up-and-speak-out-frank-carter-and-the-rattlesnakes |website=Clash |date=29 January 2017 |access-date=15 May 2021}} The band's 2015 debut album "Blossom" peaked at number 18 on the UK albums chart, with its follow ups "Modern Ruin" and "End of Suffering reaching 7 and 4, respectively.{{cite web |title=FRANK CARTER/THE RATTLESNAKES |website=Official Charts |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/48223/frank-carter-the-rattlesnakes/ |access-date=15 May 2021}}

File:Higher Power 10.1.17 @Transitions Tampa,FL (37207478330).jpg from Leeds were described by Metal Hammer as "the band redefining hardcore for a new generation"]]

In the early to mid–2010s, a number of British hardcore punk bands began being represented as members of a new musical movement dubbed the New Wave of British Hardcore (NWOBHC), a term coined by Adam Malik from The Essence Records.{{cite web |last1=Alva |first1=Freddy |title=The New Wave of British Hardcore |date=26 February 2015 |url=https://www.noecho.net/features/the-new-wave-of-british-hardcore |access-date=7 August 2019}} The movement was fronted by Liverpool-formed, Leeds-based band Violent Reaction,{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History}}

with other notable practitioners including Arms Race,{{cite web |title=HIGHER POWER PLAYED THE DR. MARTENS BOOT ROOM AND IT WAS WILD |url=https://www.kerrang.com/video/higher-power-played-the-dr-martens-boot-room-and-it-was-wild/ |website=Kerrang! |date=28 September 2018 |access-date=7 August 2019}}{{cite web |title=Arms Race The Beast E.P. (2018) |date=9 March 2018 |url=https://www.punknews.org/review/15695/arms-race-the-beast-ep |access-date=7 August 2019}} Big Cheese,{{cite web |last1=Kamiński |first1=ByKarol |title=3 noteworthy UKHC records to check this Winter: BIG CHEESE, RAPTURE, STAGES IN FAITH |date=22 December 2017 |url=https://idioteq.com/3-noteworthy-hardcore-records-to-check-this-winter-big-cheese-rapture-stages-in-faith/ |access-date=29 February 2020}} Higher Power and the Flex. Primarily based around Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, London and Brighton, the movement saw bands merge elements of UK82 and oi! into an American-inspired style of hardcore.{{cite web |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Quality Control HQ is a Home for the New Wave of British Hardcore |url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/label-profile/quality-control-hq-british-hardcore-guide?fbclid=IwAR2BiWvjrbXu21hSubxyrTZ1wzfUDdWeQUbv4fplzanujILmqwM5mjbbpbk |website=Bandcamp Daily |date=9 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020}}

Writer Tony Rettman the record label Quality Control HQ as "the center of [the NWOBHC]", stating that it "helped [to] define the modern sound of UK hardcore". The label was founded by British–Polish musician Ola Herbich, a member of the bands Arms Race and Game, after she visited the New York hardcore scene in 2009. Outbreak Festival, which for much of its existence has been held at Canal Mills in Armley, Leeds, is a key location for the hardcore scene, and most features local groups like Higher Power, as well as international groups like Code Orange, Turnstile and Vein.{{cite web |last1=Connick |first1=Tom |title=Outbreak Fest's tenth edition was a visceral, thrilling celebration of the last true subculture |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/outbreak-fest-2018-live-review-photos-2355853 |website=NME |date=18 July 2018 |access-date=2020-11-24}}

Former Violent Reaction and Shrapnel member Jimmy Wizard formed Higher Power in 2014,{{cite web |title=HIGHER POWER – IN AN INTERVIEW WITH JIMMY WIZARD |date=26 March 2020 |url=https://www.magazine.awayfromlife.com/higher-power-in-an-interview-with-jimmy-wizard/ |access-date=22 November 2020}}{{cite news |last1=PESSARO |first1=PESSARO |title=JIMMY WIZARD ON THE MAKING AND MEANING OF HIGHER POWER'S LATEST LP |newspaper=Hard Noise |date=8 February 2020 |url=https://noise.thehardtimes.net/2020/02/08/jimmy-wizard-on-the-making-and-meaning-of-higher-powers-latest-lp/ |access-date=22 November 2020}} with his brother Alex, which eventually grew to include additional members Louis Hardy, Max Harper and Ethan Wilkinson.{{cite web |title=Higher Power |url=https://www.ineffecthardcore.com/features/higher-power/ |access-date=24 October 2019}} Metal Hammer hailed the band as "the band redefining hardcore for a new generation", and are the second UK hardcore band to have signed to a major label, in the form of Roadrunner Records.{{cite web |last1=Leivers |first1=Dannii |title=Higher Power: meet the band redefining hardcore for a new generation |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/higher-power-meet-the-band-redefining-hardcore-for-a-new-generation |website=Metal Hammer |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=10 March 2020}} The straight edge ideology was particularly prominent within during this period, to the extent that in 2016, Vice described Leeds bands like Rapture, Shrapnel, True Vision and Regiment as "the Second Coming of UK Straight Edge Hardcore".{{cite web |last1=Scott |first1=Tim |title=Rapture Are Part of the Second Coming of UK Straight Edge Hardcore |url=https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/4w3n5g/rapture-are-part-of-the-second-coming-of-uk-straight-edge-hardcore |website=Vice Media |date=22 October 2016 |access-date=10 March 2020}}

In London there was a parallel scene existing concurrently, though with some crossover, that had overt feminist and queercore leanings. This consisted of bands like Good Throb, Frau, Petrol Girls, Nekra, and Woolf, and was mainly focused around the venues Power Lunches and DIY Space For London.{{cite magazine |last=Daintith |first=Pat |date=December 2013 |title=Good Throb |url=http://maximumrocknroll.com/issue/mrr-367/ |magazine=Maximum Rocknroll |access-date=11 September 2024}}{{cite magazine|last=Sherman|first=Maria|title=20 All-Female Bands You Need To Know|magazine=Billboard|date=March 6, 2015|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/pop-shop/girl-group-week/6494444/20-female-bands-sleater-kinney-ex-hex-girlpool|accessdate=11 September 2024}}{{cite magazine|date=3 May 2017|title=Petrol Girls For Fans Of: Against Me!, Fugazi, Muncie Girls|url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/kerrang-uk/20170503/282179355987479|magazine=Kerrang!|location=London|publisher=Wasted Talent Ltd |access-date=11 September 2024}}{{cite magazine|url=https://www.maximumrocknroll.com/band/nekra/|title=Nekra - Royal Disruptor EP|magazine=Maximum Rocknroll|date=December 2020|first=Benny|last=Mathews|issue=451}}{{cite web|url=https://www.cafeoto.co.uk/artists/woolf/|title=Woolf|website=Cafe Oto}}

In the early 2020s, Chubby and the Gang from west London gained mainstream attention,{{cite news |last1=Hann |first1=Michael |title=Hardcore punk — anger management issues |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ae439b60-054b-4ae3-94ad-fbc18a2f1f26 |website=Financial Times|date=21 May 2021 }} the band was formed out of multiple NWOBHC bands, namely Arms Race, Gutter Knife and Vile Spirit.{{cite web |title=Chubby and The Gang: west London hardcore punks' thrilling debut captures lightning in a bottle |website=NME |date=2 November 2020 |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/chubby-and-the-gang-speed-kills-interview-2807179 |access-date=15 November 2020}} Additionally, Static Dress from Leeds emerged as one of the frontrunners of the scene metalcore revival.{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Ethan |title=From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture |url=https://www.popmatters.com/scene-subculture-origins-hardcore-harajuku |website=PopMatters |date=25 May 2021 |access-date=25 May 2021}}

{{see also|Popular music of Birmingham}}

File:The Mermaid, Sparkhill.jpg frequently held performance by groups such as Napalm Death and GBH]]

Birmingham's GBH were one of the three dominant bands of the second wave of British punk,{{citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|year=2004|contribution=GBH|title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980–1984|publisher=Cherry Red Books|page=44|isbn=978-1901447248}} reacting against the perceived commercialisation of earlier punk to produce music that was "brutal, fast and very aggressive".{{citation|last=Glasper|first=Ian|year=2004|contribution=GBH|title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980–1984|publisher=Cherry Red Books|pages=8–9|isbn=978-1901447248}} They were one of the defining groups of their era{{citation|last=Birchmeier|first=Jason|title=G.B.H.|publisher=AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/gbh-mn0000202235/biography|access-date=3 November 2013}} and would go on to influence various musical styles, particularly the development of thrash metal.{{citation|title=G.B.H.|location=Melbourne, Victoria|publisher=JB Hi-Fi NOW|url=https://now.jbhifi.com.au/Artist/149368|access-date=3 November 2013|archive-date=4 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104002904/https://now.jbhifi.com.au/Artist/149368|url-status=dead}}

The Mermaid in Birmingham's Sparkhill district was a run-down inner-city pub.{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=32}} Promoter Daz Russell started booking hardcore bands at the venue in late 1984.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984 |publisher=Cherry Red Books |pages=233–240}} this led to it becoming one of the key locations for the scene in this era.{{citation|last=Kahn-Harris|first=Keith|year=2006|title=Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge|location=New York|publisher=Berg|page=110|isbn=978-0857852212|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j498eOosXxEC&pg=PA110|access-date=18 August 2013}} Justin Broadrick later remembered: "it was really just a shitty pub in a really shitty area, which just meant that you could get away with a lot more."{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=33}}

Napalm Death, were also based in the city. They are a pioneer of the grindcore genre and one of the most influential and commercially successful bands in extreme metal and hardcore.{{citation|last=Agarwal|first=Manish|year=2011|contribution=Scum – Napalm Death (1987)|contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIyEkArSW0EC&pg=PT1624|editor-last=Dimery|editor-first=Robert|title=1001 Albums you must hear before you die|location=London|publisher=Hachette UK|isbn=978-1844037148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIyEkArSW0EC|access-date=18 August 2013}} Formed in nearby Meriden in 1979 by Nik Bullen and Miles "Rat" Ratledge, they were influenced initially by hardcore punk bands such as Crass, Discharge and GBH.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984 |publisher=Cherry Red Books |page=197}} First adopting their name and a settled lineup in late 1981,{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=27}} they produced and traded cassette tapes internationally,{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=28}} and first performed in public in April 1981.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984 |publisher=Cherry Red Books |page=190}} Bullen met Justin Broadrick in Birmingham's Rag Market in 1983{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=31}} and the two started making electronic and industrial music while Napalm Death temporarily ground to a halt.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984 |publisher=Cherry Red Books |pages=226–233}} The band resumed activities in 1985 with Broadrick on guitar, increasingly coming under the influence of extreme metal acts such as Celtic Frost, and performing at the Mermaid for the first time in October 1985.{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=32}} Napalm Death soon became almost the house band at the Mermaid, with their growing local following ensuring good crowds for visiting bands.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984 |publisher=Cherry Red Books |page=248}}

The city was home to other notable groups like Doom, Anaal Nathrakh{{cite web |last1=Slessor |first1=Dan |title=Album Review: Anaal Nathrakh – Endarkenment |url=https://www.kerrang.com/reviews/album-review-anaal-nathrakh-endarkenment/ |website=Kerrang! |date=22 October 2020 |access-date=18 May 2021}} and Oceans Ate Alaska.{{cite web |title=Oceans Ate Alaska Tickets, Tour Dates & Concerts 2021/2022 |url=https://www.stereoboard.com/oceans-ate-alaska-tickets |access-date=18 May 2021}}

Southampton and Brighton in South East England have cultivated some of the most prominent bands in hardcore, punk and metalcore. In Brighton: Poison Girls were one of the most prominent and influential groups in the late-1970s and early-1980s anarcho-punk scene.{{cite web |last1=Salewicz |first1=Chris |title=Vi Subversa: Inspirational elder stateswoman of punk who co-founded Poison Girls, denizens of its anarchist fringe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/vi-subversa-inspirational-elder-stateswoman-of-punk-who-cofounded-poison-girls-denizens-of-its-anarchist-fringe-a6889691.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/vi-subversa-inspirational-elder-stateswoman-of-punk-who-cofounded-poison-girls-denizens-of-its-anarchist-fringe-a6889691.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website=The Independent |date=22 February 2016 |access-date=19 May 2021}} Dead Swans played a large part in the 2000s hardcore scene,{{cite web |title=Dead Swans To Play Sleepwalker Album In Full On Special Tour |url=https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/dead-swans-to-play-sleepwalker-album-in-full-on-special-tour/ |website=Kerrang! |date=14 February 2018 |access-date=16 May 2021}} with NME listing their album Sleepwalkers as one of "the best hardcore albums of all time". Architects were a frontrunner of the late-2000s British metalcore scene.

In Southampton: Bury Tomorrow have gained significant attention since debuting in the late-2000s. Metal Hammer described them as "a formidable force in the metalcore realm today".{{cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Ali |title=Bury Tomorrow's new album Cannibal proves they're the kings of modern metalcore |url=https://www.loudersound.com/reviews/bury-tomorrow-cannibal-album-review |website=Metal Hammer |date=3 July 2020 |access-date=19 May 2021}} Our Time Down Here began as a fast hardcore band.{{cite web |last1=Chaddock |first1=Ian |title=NOVEMBER ISSUE RECORD REVIEWS |url=https://vivelerock.net/november-issue-record-reviews/ |website=Vive Le Rock}} On their 2012 second album, they pursued a more melodic, horror-influenced style, which would go on to influence a wave of Southampton horror punk groups, that included Creeper and Miss Vincent.{{cite journal |title=Creeper hang out with awesome Southampton newbies Miss Vincent |journal=Kerrang! |date=1 July 2017 |volume=1677}}

File:Funeral for a Friend - Razz 2 - Mayo 2011.jpg are an influential post-hardcore band from Bridgend]]

In the early 2000s, South Wales was home to a large post-hardcore scene based around venues such as the Toll House in Bridgend, the Maltsters in Pontypridd, TJ's in Newport and the Barfly in Cardiff and groups like the Blackout, Midasuno and Hondo Maclean. The most successful groups to come from the scene were Funeral for a Friend, Kids in Glass Houses and Lostprophets.{{cite web |last1=Owens |first1=David |title=Watch the trailer for Massive - the new movie that charts the rise of the Welsh rock scene |date=19 October 2015 |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/watch-trailer-massive-new-movie-10287755 |access-date=19 May 2021}} Metalcore band Bullet for My Valentine were also from Bridgend, Metal Hammer described them as "the biggest British metal band of the 21st century".{{cite web |last1=Goodman |first1=Eleanor |title=Revisiting The Poison, the album that made Bullet For My Valentine superstars |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/revisiting-the-poison-the-album-that-made-bullet-for-my-valentine-superstars |website=Metal Hammer |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=19 May 2021}}

The sound of these bands was generally shaped by albums from American groups such as Full Collapse by Thursday, Tear from the Red by Poison the Well and Worship and Tribute by Glassjaw. In a 2015 article by Vice, Funeral for a Friend vocalist Matthew Davies-Kreye stated that "We took [the sound of the aforementioned American artists] and spun it on {{sic|i|t’s}} head, gave it a bit more of a geographical sensibility. You write what you know, so the lyrical content distilled all the elements of the world around us", going on to cite the Manic Street Preachers as "very influential on absolutely everyone".{{cite web |last1=Davies-Kreye |first1=Matthew |title=South Wales Was the New Seattle? Total Bollocks |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/6vm58y/funeral-for-a-friends-matthew-davies-kreye-dissects-the-south-wales-post-hardcore-scene-of-the-early-00s |website=Vice Media |date=5 June 2015 |access-date=19 May 2021}}

Pontypridd band Lostprophets gained significant mainstream attention around this time, which led to record labels attempting to sign many of the band from the scene. A number of popular publications also began running stories stating that "Newport is the new Seattle" or "South Wales is the new Seattle". In a 2010 article, BBC writer James McLaren described groups like Brutality Will Prevail, 33 and Ironclad as "the shape of (Welsh) punk to come".{{cite web |last1=McLaren |first1=James |title=The shape of (Welsh) punk to come |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wales/entries/f4142d8a-bd0e-361e-bc73-c2e9cdb3bdb4 |website=BBC |date=26 November 2010 |access-date=19 May 2021}}

The region has continued to produce notable post-hardcore and metalcore groups, including Casey,{{cite web |last1=Jamieson |first1=Brii |title=CASEY HAVE CALLED IT A DAY |url=https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/casey-have-called-it-a-day |website=RockSound |access-date=19 May 2021 |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519085609/https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/casey-have-called-it-a-day |url-status=dead }} Holding Absence,{{cite web |last1=Alexander |first1=Phil |title=Holding Absence: "COVID underlines the fragility of everything" |url=https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/holding-absence-covid-underlines-the-fragility-of-everything/ |website=Kerrang! |date=19 January 2021 |access-date=19 May 2021}} and Continents.{{cite web |last1=Redrup |first1=Zach |title=NEWS: Continents break up; confirm farewell show in April 2019! |url=https://www.deadpress.co.uk/news-continents-break-up-confirm-farewell-show-in-april-2019/ |access-date=19 May 2021}}

Sore Throat, based in Huddersfield, were emblematic of the late-1980s grindcore scene through their merger pop culture satire, extreme political views and short, improvised songwriting.{{cite web |last1=LUEDTKE |first1=CHRISTOPHER |title=Uncompromising Noise: the Legacy of SORE THROAT |date=7 March 2013 |url=https://metalinjection.net/reviews/retrospective/sore-throat |access-date=25 January 2020}} The band's drummer, Paul "Hammy" Halmshaw, founded Peaceville Records in 1983, which began releasing material by crust, hardcore and anarcho bands, before soon beginning to put out metal releases. In the 1990s, it released material for the pioneering gothic metal and death doom bands Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride and Anathema.{{cite book |last1=Spracklen |first1=Karl |last2=Holland |first2=Samantha |title=Subcultures, Bodies and Spaces |date=2018 |page=84}} Anti System from Bradford were also a notable band roughly contemporary to Sore Throat.{{cite web |title=Anti System |url=https://punkygibbon.co.uk/bands/a/antisystem.html|website=Punkygibbon.co.uk}}

The 1 in 12 Club, an anarchist co-op venue in Bradford, was the main location of the mid-1990s straight edge hardcore scene, played by groups like Unborn, Slavearc, Vengeance of Gaia and Withdrawn. It also frequently hosted 80s crust and anarcho punk bands.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Trapped in a Scene: UK Hardcore 1985–89 |date=2009 |page=302}}

North Yorkshire, particularly Harrogate, has also produced a number of hardcore bands, most notably Blood Youth.{{cite web |title=Why Harrogate is a metal capital of rock music - and it's not all Blood Youth |date=24 January 2020 |url=https://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/why-harrogate-metal-capital-rock-music-and-its-not-all-blood-youth-1374725 |access-date=18 May 2021}}{{cite web |title=Fastix: New UK Hardcore Band Kick Off 2020 with Purpose |date=15 January 2020 |url=https://www.noecho.net/features/fastix-uk-hardcore |access-date=18 May 2021}} Additionally, Bingley produced the successful band Marmozets, who began their career playing mathcore.{{cite web |title=Could mathcore mob Marmozets be the next Slipknot? |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/could-mathcore-mob-marmozets-be-the-next-slipknot |website=Metal Hammer |date=8 September 2016 |access-date=18 May 2021}}

File:Boom, Leeds.jpg

{{see also|Music in Leeds}}

In the late-1970s, Leeds was home to influential punk rock groups such as the Mekons, Gang of Four and Delta 5, who helped to shape the sound of post-punk.{{cite web |last1=Simpson |first1=Dave |title=Pubs, disco and fighting Nazis: how Leeds nurtured British post-punk |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/apr/19/pubs-disco-and-fighting-nazis-how-leeds-nurtured-british-post-punk |website=The Guardian |date=19 April 2019 |access-date=30 November 2019}} As the aforementioned groups pushed punk rock into more experimental directions, the likes of Abrasive Wheels, the Underdogs, the Expelled and Icon A.D. pursued more aggressive and confrontational punk styles like anarcho punk, street punk and hardcore punk.{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980–1984 |pages=165}}{{cite web |title=Abrasive Wheels |date=9 March 2012 |url=https://nostalgiacentral.com/music/artists-a-to-k/artists-a/abrasive-wheels/ |access-date=30 November 2019}}{{cite book |last1=Glasper |first1=Ian |title=The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980–1984 |pages=385}} Chumbawamba, who lived in a squat in Armley, emerged from this scene soon after and transformed it by bringing vegetarianism, animal rights and anti-violence values into the anarchist scene.{{cite book |last1=Andersen |first1=Mark |last2=Heibutzki |first2=Ralph |title=We Are The Clash: Reagan, Thatcher, and the Last Stand of a Band That Mattered}} Along with A State of Mind, Chumbawamba brought about the emergence of the term "peace punk".{{cite web |last1=Reveron |first1=Sean |title=Peace Punk History! A State of Mind / Chumbawamba "We Are The World?" Split EP, 1986 |url=https://cvltnation.com/peace-punk-history-a-state-of-mind-chumbawamba-we-are-the-world-split-ep-1986/ |website=CVLT Nation |date=26 August 2019 |access-date=30 November 2019}}

Liverpool hardcore punk Violent Reaction's relocation to Leeds in the early-2010s, led to the city becoming one of the main locations for the then-emerging New Wave of British Hardcore (NWOBHC) scene. Merging elements of UK82 and oi! into the sound of hardcore, the NWOBHC continued to grow in the city, where groups like the Flex, Regiment, True Vision and Shrapnel became prominent practitioners. The Temple of Boom (now called simply Boom) on Millwright Street quickly became the most prominent venue within this scene. Opened in 2011 by Voorhees members Ian "Lecky" Leck and Sean Walker, the venue began as a rehearsal studio, before beginning to put on performances after being pushed to by the members of the Flex.{{cite journal |title=Temple of Boom |journal=Kerrang! |date=3 March 2018 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/kerrang-uk/20180303/282583083504530 |access-date=26 May 2020}} Former Violent Reaction and Shrapnel member Jimmy Wizard formed Higher Power in 2014, with his brother Alex, which eventually grew to include additional members Louis Hardy, Max Harper and Ethan Wilkinson. Metal Hammer hailed the band as "the band redefining hardcore for a new generation", and are the second UK hardcore band to have signed to a major label, in the form of Roadrunner Records.

Bandcamp Daily writer Fred Mikardo-Greaves had stated that Leeds punk and hardcore bands are often more "fun" than other similar scenes, citing a "a sense of absurdity" in the sound of groups like Ona Snop and the Shits.{{cite web |last1=Mikardo-Greave |first1=Fred |title=A Guide to the Burgeoning Punk Scene in Leeds |url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/scene-report/leeds-uk-punk-scene-report |website=Bandcamp Daily |date=8 November 2021 |access-date=8 November 2021}}

Since the mid-2000s Sheffield has produced a number of notable metalcore bands. Bring Me the Horizon is one of the most successful bands to come out of the international metalcore scene. Beginning as a deathcore band, became increasingly influenced by pop and electronic music through their career.{{cite web |last1=Chillingworth |first1=Alec |title=Every Bring Me The Horizon album ranked from worst to best |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/every-bring-me-the-horizon-album-ranked-worst-to-best |website=Metal Hammer |date=11 February 2019 |access-date=18 May 2021}} While She Sleeps have also gained significant mainstream attention.{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Sophie |title="WE HAD TO ADDRESS THE FACT THAT MUSIC SHOULD COST MORE MONEY": WHILE SHE SLEEPS ARE FIGHTING THE STATUS QUO WITH THE POWER OF COMMUNITY |date=22 April 2021 |url=https://guitar.com/features/interviews/while-she-sleeps-sleeps-society-album/ |access-date=18 May 2021}} Rolo Tomassi gained success with their progressive take on hardcore.{{cite web |title=DOWNLOAD 2010: ROLO TOMASSI PLAY BIGGEST SHOW EVER |url=https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/download-2010-rolo-tomassi-play-biggest-show-ever? |website=RockSound |access-date=18 May 2021}} Malevolence are also a notable Sheffield band, playing a sound that merges hardcore and metal, while cultivating chav aesthetics.{{cite web |last1=Franklin |first1=Dan |title=Fear And Loathing: Malevolence On A Locked-Down Planet |url=https://thequietus.com/articles/28135-malevolence-the-other-side |website=The Quietus |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=15 May 2021}}

• Anarcho-punk

{{reflist|30em}}

Category:Youth culture in the United Kingdom

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Category:Musical subcultures

Category:Underground culture

Category:DIY culture

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