Hasora badra
{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Common awl
| status =
| image =Hasora badra by V K Chandrasekharan.jpg
| image_caption =
| image2 = Common Awl Hasora badra.jpg
| taxon = Hasora badra
| authority = (Moore, 1857){{LepIndex |id=184003}} Retrieved 20 April 2018.
| synonyms =
| range_map =
| range_map_caption =
}}
Hasora badra,TOL web page on [http://www.tolweb.org/Hasora/94263 genus Hasora] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014030114/http://www.tolweb.org/Hasora/94263 |date=14 October 2020 }}Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera - page on genus [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/coeliadinae/hasora/index.html Hasora]. the common awl, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae, which is found in India.{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103505#page/259/mode/1up|title=Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. IX |last=Swinhoe|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Swinhoe|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1911–1912|location=London|pages=247–248}}}}
Description
{{Lepidopteran glossary hatnote}}
The butterfly, which has a wingspan of 50 to 55 mm, is unmarked dark brown above. It resembles the common banded awl (Hasora chromus), except that it has no white band below; and the apex of the forewing and the disc of the hindwing below are purple washed. The male has apical spots but no brands above. The female has large yellow spots in cell 2 and 3, and apical dots.{{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545 |page=192 }}
The Sri Lankan race has no apical spots on the male above and no purple wash below.
=Detailed description=
Edward Yerbury Watson (1891){{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64080#page/26/mode/1up|title=Hesperiidae Indicae : being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon|last=E. Y.|first=Watson|author-link=Edward Yerbury Watson|publisher=Vest and Company|year=1891|location=Madras|pages=12}}}} gives a detailed description, shown below:
{{quote|Male and female yellowish brown.
Male, with a suffused blackish subbasal patch; forewing with three conjugated very small yellowish semitransparent spots near the costa, one fourth from the apex. Cilia pale greyish brown. Underside brown suffused with purple; forewing with a blackish costal patch before the apex, posterior margin yellowish; hindwing with a subbasal and submarginal suffused blackish band, the latter terminating in a black patch on anal lobe; above the patch is a purple-white streak, and within the cell a small bluish white spot. Palpi and body beneath dull yellow. Legs, pale brown.
{{pb}}
Female, above brown suffused with vinaceous yellowish brown basally; forewing with the three small subapical spots (as in male) and three rather large obliquely quadrate spots, two being disposed on the disc, the third above and within the cell. Underside with the spots on forewing as in upperside; hindwing as in male.}}
Range
The butterfly is found in Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Hainan, Taiwan, north Vietnam, Japan, western China, Malaysia, the Indonesian archipelago (Borneo, Sumatra, and Java), the Philippines, Palawan, the Moluccas and Sulawesi.{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |year=1932 |page=314, ser no I1.7 }}
In India the butterfly is found in South India, where it occurs in the Western Ghats, and the Nilgiris; and in the Himalayas from Mussoorie eastwards to Sikkim and through to Myanmar. It is also found in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India|last1=R.K.|first1=Varshney|last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=25|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}{{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |author-link=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |isbn=978-8170192329 |page=468 }}
The type locality is Java, Indonesia.
Status
William Harry Evans (1932) described it as not rare.
Host plants
The larva has been recorded on Derris trifoliata, Derris elliptica, Millettia pachycarpa and Pongamia species.{{Cite journal|date=2018-04-10|title=Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India|author1=Ravikanthachari Nitin|author2= V.C. Balakrishnan|author3= Paresh V. Churi|author4= S. Kalesh|author5= Satya Prakash|author6= Krushnamegh Kunte|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/3104/4402|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|volume=10 |issue=4|pages=11495–11550|via=JoTT|doi=10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550|doi-access=free}}
Cited references
{{Reflist}}
References
- {{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |year=1932 }}
- {{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545 }}
- Watson, E. Y. (1891) Hesperiidae indicae. Vest and Co. Madras.
- {{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |author-link=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society |isbn=978-8170192329 }}
Online
- {{cite web |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/ |title=The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex) |last1=Beccaloni |first1=George |last2=Scoble |first2=Malcolm |last3=Kitching |first3=Ian |last4=Simonsen |first4=Thomas |last5=Robinson |first5=Gaden |last6=Pitkin |first6=Brian |last7=Hine |first7=Adrian |last8=Lyal |first8=Chris |publisher=Natural History Museum, London |access-date=2016-10-15 }}
- Brower, Andrew V. Z., (2007). Hasora Moore 1881. Version 21 February 2007 (under construction). Page on [http://tolweb.org/Hasora/94263/2007.02.21 genus Hasora] in The Tree of Life Web Project http://tolweb.org/.
- {{cite web |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ |title=Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera }}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3704817}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasora Badra}}
Category:Taxa named by Frederic Moore
Category:Butterflies of Singapore
Category:Butterflies described in 1857
Category:Butterflies of Sri Lanka
Category:Butterflies of Taiwan
Category:Butterflies of Malaysia
Category:Butterflies of Borneo