Hau Pei-tsun
{{Short description|Taiwanese politician (1919–2020)}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2020}}
{{family name hatnote|Hau|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hau Pei-tsun
| native_name = {{No bold|郝柏村}}
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| image = File:郝柏村院長.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 1990
| order1 = 13th
| office1 = Premier of Taiwan
| term_start1 = 1 June 1990
| term_end1 = 27 February 1993
| 1blankname1 = Vice Premier
| 1namedata1 = Shih Chi-yang
| president1 = Lee Teng-hui
| predecessor1 = Lee Huan
| successor1 = Lien Chan{{collapsed infobox section begin|Other offices}}
| order2 =
| office2 = Minister of National Defense
| premier2 = Lee Huan
| deputy2 = Kuo Tsung-ching
| term_start2 = 5 December 1989
| term_end2 = 31 May 1990
| predecessor2 = Cheng Wei-yuan
| successor2 = Chen Li-an
| order3 =
| office3 = Chief of General Staff of the ROC Armed Forces
| deputy3 = Wu Yueh (Air Force)
Tsou Chien (Navy)
Kuo Ju-lin (Air Force)
Chiang Chung-ling (Army)
| president3 = Chiang Ching-kuo
Lee Teng-hui
| term_start3 = 1 December 1981
| term_end3 = 4 December 1989
| predecessor3 = Soong Chang-chi (Navy)
| successor3 = Chen Sheng-lin (Air Force)
| order4 =
| office4 = 16th Commander-in-Chief of the ROC Army
| president4 = Yen Chia-kan
Chiang Ching-kuo
| term_start4 = March 1978
| term_end4 = November 1981
| predecessor4 = Ma An-lan
| successor4 = Chiang Chung-ling{{collapsed infobox section end}}
| office5 = Vice Chairman of Kuomintang
| term_start5 = 18 August 1993
| term_end5 = 14 December 1995
| 1blankname5 = Chairman
| 1namedata5 = Lee Teng-hui
| predecessor5 = Position established
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1919|8|8}}
| birth_place = Yancheng, Jiangsu, Republic of China
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2020|3|30|1919|8|8}}
| death_place = Neihu, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
| resting_place = Wuzhi Mountain Military Cemetery
| spouse = {{marriage|Kuo Wan-hua|1950|2018|end=died}}
| children = 2 sons
3 daughters
| party = Kuomintang (1938–1995, 2005–2020)
| nickname =
| branch = Republic of China Army
| serviceyears = 1938–1989
| rank = Senior General
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II
Chinese Civil War
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
| awards =
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
|c = 郝柏村
|p = Hǎo Bócūn
|w = hao3 po2 tsʻun1
|altname = courtesy name
|c2 = 伯春
|p2 = Bóchūn
|w2 = po2 chʻun1
}}
}}
Hau Pei-tsun ({{lang-zh|c=郝柏村|p=Hǎo Bócūn}}, 8 August 1919 – 30 March 2020) was a Chinese politician and military officer who was the Premier of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1 June 1990 to 27 February 1993, and the longest-serving Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces from 1 December 1981 to 4 December 1989. On 6 July 2017, Hau attended an academic meeting in Nanjing about the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War, making him the first former ROC premier to visit Mainland China since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/acs/201707060018.aspx|date=6 July 2017|first1=Tzung-han|last1=Miao|first2=S.C.|last2=Chang|title=Ex-premier's presence in China alarms Taiwan's current government|publisher=Focus Taiwan|access-date=7 July 2017}} He died in March 2020 at age 100.
Biography
Born to an upper-class family in Yancheng, Jiangsu, on 8 August 1919,[https://books.google.com/books?id=U6uaAAAAIAAJ&q=郝柏村+1919年8月8日 Profile of Hau Pei-tsun]{{Cite web|url=https://m.haiwainet.cn/middle/3543599/2019/0820/content_31613998_1.html|title = 《郝柏村回忆录》在台北正式发表}} Hau received a military education from the Republic of China Military Academy, National Defense University, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, and the War College, Armed Forces University. Hau was appointed an artillery officer in 1938, and served in the Chinese expeditionary forces in India during World War II. In the subsequent Chinese Civil War he was a staff officer.
As commander of the 9th Infantry Division from 1958 to 1961, Hau presided over handling the 44-day bombardment of Quemoy by the People's Liberation Army. He commanded the 3rd Corps from 1963 to 1965 and served as Chief Aide to Chiang Kai-shek from 1965 to 1970. He continued his army career as Commander of the 1st Field Army from 1970 to 1973, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the ROC Army from 1975 to 1977, Executive Vice Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1977 to 1978, Commander-in-Chief of the ROC Army 1978 to 1981, and Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1981 to 1989. whereas he received the instruction of President Chiang Ching-kuo to investigate the Lieyu Massacre in May 1987.{{cite journal | title="Diary of Eight Years as Chief of the General Staff" (1981-1989) | author=Hau Pei-tsun | author-link=Hau Pei-tsun | url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL13062852M/Ba_nian_can_mou_zong_zhang_ri_ji_(She_hui_ren_wen)#about/about |journal=Commonwealth Publishing Co., Ltd | date=2000 | isbn=9789576216381 | ol=13062852M }}{{in lang|zh-tw}}
He was a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang from 1984 to 1993 and served as Minister of National Defense from 1989 until 1990 when he was appointed Premier. He was appointed by President Lee Teng-hui in part to mollify the conservative mainlander faction within the KMT that had threatened to run a rival presidential ticket in the March 1990 election. Hau's appointment sparked protests by those who believed it marked retrogression toward military rule, while President Lee defended his decision by saying he valued Hau's tough stance on crime. As premier he held high approval ratings (even higher than Lee's)—he was tough on crime and promoted a multibillion-dollar economic development plan to industrialize Taiwan. Hau submitted his resignation in January 1993 after the KMT's poor showing in the 1992 Legislative Yuan election.
Appointed as one of four vice-chairmen of the KMT in the 14th Party Congress (immediately following the defection of the New Kuomintang Alliance) in another effort by Lee to pacify the mainlander faction, Hau served from 1993 to 1995.
He was expelled from the Kuomintang for his support of New Party candidates in the 1995 legislative elections,{{cite news|last=Sheng|first=Virginia|title=Lee restates ruling party's unification, diplomacy goals|url=http://www.taiwantoday.tw/fp.asp?xItem=14487&CtNode=122|access-date=13 May 2016|work=Taiwan Today|date=30 August 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807084959/http://www.taiwantoday.tw/fp.asp?xItem=14487&CtNode=122|archive-date=7 August 2016|via=Taiwan Info|url-status=dead}} and was named Lin Yang-kang's running mate in the 1996 presidential election. Hau rejoined the KMT in 2005.{{cite news|last1=Hong|first1=Caroline|title=Lien beckons stray sheep to return to the KMT fold|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/02/07/2003222505|access-date=13 May 2016|work=Taipei Times|date=7 February 2005}}{{cite news|title=18 ex-KMT heavyweights rejoin opposition party|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/news/2005/02/07/58038/18-ex-KMT.htm|access-date=13 May 2016|work=China Post|date=7 February 2005}}
| class=wikitable style="text-align:left; margin: 1em auto;" | ||
| colspan=5|1996 Republic of China Presidential Election Result | ||
|---|---|---|
| President Candidate
! Vice President Candidate ! Party ! Votes ! % | ||
| Lee Teng-hui
|align=right|5,813,699 |align=right|54.0 | ||
| Peng Ming-min
| Democratic Progressive Party |align=right|2,274,586 |align=right|21.1 | ||
| Lin Yang-kang
| Hau Pei-tsun |align=right|1,603,790 |align=right|14.9 | ||
| Chen Li-an
|align=right|1,074,044 |align=right|9.9 | ||
| colspan=3|Invalid/blank votes | align=right|117,160 | |
| colspan=3|Total | align=right|10,883,279 | align=right|100 |
Personal life
File:Former Residence of Hau Pei-tsun.jpg, Taipei.]]
He married Kuo Wan-hua and had two sons and three daughters. One of his sons is politician Hau Lung-pin, the former chairman of the New Party, and former Mayor of Taipei. Kuo Wan-hua died on 12 September 2018, aged 96.[http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2018-09-12/doc-ihiycyfx7580144.shtml 国民党大佬郝柏村夫人病逝 子郝龙斌望低调办后事] {{in lang|zh}} Hau was baptized as a Christian on 31 December 2017.[https://www.ct.org.tw/1317225 每天讀聖經 郝柏村99歲受洗歸入主名下] {{in lang|zh}}
Hau Pei-tsun died of multiple organ failure at Tri-Service General Hospital on 30 March 2020, aged 100.{{cite news |last1=Yu |first1=Hsiang |last2=Hsu |first2=Elizabeth |title=Former Premier Hau Pei-tsun dies at 100 |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202003300013 |access-date=30 March 2020 |agency=Central News Agency |date=30 March 2020}}{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Lawrence |title=Former Taiwan premier Hau Pei-tsun dies aged 100 after life as soldier and statesman |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3077624/former-taiwan-premier-hau-pei-tsun-dies-aged-100-after-life |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=South China Morning Post |date=30 March 2020}} He was posthumously awarded a presidential citation.{{cite news |last1=Hetherington |first1=William |title=Hau contributed greatly to nation: Tsai |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/04/02/2003733846 |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=Taipei Times |date=2 April 2020}}
References
= Citations =
{{Reflist}}
= Sources =
{{refbegin}}
- Denny Roy, Taiwan: A Political History (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003)
{{refend}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote-inline|Hau Pei-tsun}}
{{Clear}}
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{{succession box|before=Soong Chang-chi|title=Chief of the General Staff|years=1981–1989|after=Chen Hsing-ling}}
{{succession box|before=Cheng Wei-yuan|title=Minister of National Defense | years = 1989–1990 | after = Chen Li-an}}
{{succession box|before=Lee Huan|title=Premier|years=1990–1993|after=Lien Chan}}
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{{ROCPMs}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hau, Pei-tsun}}
Category:Chinese military personnel of World War II
Category:Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College
Category:Politicians from Yancheng
Category:Premiers of the Republic of China on Taiwan
Category:Republic of China Army generals
Category:Kuomintang politicians in Taiwan
Category:Republic of China politicians from Jiangsu
Category:Generals from Jiangsu
Category:Republic of China Military Academy alumni
Category:Chinese Civil War refugees
Category:Taiwanese people from Jiangsu
Category:Taiwanese Protestants
Category:Taiwanese men centenarians