Heliantheini
{{Short description|Tribe of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Green crowned brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula) (19406173133).jpg
|image_caption = Green-crowned brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula)
|taxon = Heliantheini
|authority = Reichenbach, 1854
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = 13, see text
}}
Heliantheini is one of the two tribes that make up the subfamily Lesbiinae of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other tribe in the subfamily is Lesbiini.
The informal name "brilliants" has been proposed for this group as it includes the genus Heliodoxa that has nine species with "brilliant" in their common name.{{Cite journal | last1=Bleiweiss | first1=R. | last2=Kirsch | first2=J.A. | last3=Matheus | first3=J.C. | date=1997 | title=DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae) | journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume=14 | issue=3 | pages=325–343 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767 | pmid=9066799 | doi-access=free }}
The tribe contains 53 species divided into 14 genera.{{ cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J. | last2=Witt | first2=C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Corl | first4=A. | last5=Rabosky | first5=D. | last6=Altshuler | first6=D. | last7=Dudley | first7=R. | date=2014 | title=Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds | journal=Current Biology | volume=24 | issue=8 | pages=910–916 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 | pmid=24704078 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2014CBio...24..910M }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Hummingbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=8 January 2020 }}
Phylogeny
A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family was composed of nine major clades.{{Cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J.A. | last2=Witt | first2=C.C. | last3=Altshuler | first3=D.L. | last4=Remsen | first4=J.V. | date=2007 | title=Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy | journal=Systematic Biology | volume=56 | issue=5 | pages=837–856 | doi=10.1080/10635150701656360 | pmid=17934998 | doi-access= }} When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they divided the hummingbirds into six subfamilies and proposed using the name Heliantheini for one of the two tribes in the subfamily Lesbiinae. The tribe Heliantheini had been introduced (as a subfamily Heliantheinae) by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1854.{{ cite journal | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1854 | title=Aufzählung der Colibris Oder Trochilideen in ihrer wahren natürlichen Verwandtschaft, nebst Schlüssel ihrer Synonymik | journal=Journal für Ornithologie (Supplement) | volume=1 | pages=1–24 [9] | language=German | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13867387 }}{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|p=116}}
Cladogram
Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds.{{Cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J.A. | last2=Witt | first2=C.C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Dudley | first4=R. | last5=Altshuler | first5=D.L. | date=2009 | title=A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds | journal=Journal of Ornithology | volume=150 | issue=1 | pages=155–165 | doi=10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x | doi-access= | bibcode=2009JOrni.150..155M }} In the cladogram below the English names are those introduced in 1997.{{Cite journal | last1=Bleiweiss | first1=R. | last2=Kirsch | first2=J.A. | last3=Matheus | first3=J.C. | date=1997 | title=DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae). | journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume=14 | issue=3 | pages=325–343 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767 | pmid=9066799 | doi-access=free}} The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|pp=105–136}}
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|label1=Trochilidae
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Florisuginae – topazes
|2=Phaethornithinae – hermits
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Polytminae – mangos
|2={{clade
|label1=Lesbiinae
|1={{clade
|1=Heliantheini – brilliants
|2=Lesbiini – coquettes
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Patagoninae – giant hummingbird
|label2=Trochilinae
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Lampornithini – mountain gems
|2=Mellisugini – bees
}}
|2=Trochilini – emeralds
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
The phylogeny of the Heliantheini based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 is shown below. Loddigesia (marvelous spatuletail) was found to be embedded within Eriocnemis.
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%
|label1=Heliantheini
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Haplophaedia
|2=Eriocnemis and Loddigesia
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Lafresnaya
|2=Aglaeactis
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Coeligena
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Urochroa
|2=Heliodoxa
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Pterophanes – great sapphirewing
|2=Ensifera – sword-billed hummingbird
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Boissonneaua
|2={{clade
|1=Urosticte
|2=Ocreatus
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
Taxonomic list
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{ cite book | editor1-last=Dickinson | editor1-first=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor2-last=Remsen | editor2-first=J.V. Jr. | editor2-link=James Van Remsen, Jr. | year=2013 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=1: Non-passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-0-8 }}
{{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from= Q105081530|from2= Q16557283}}