Polytminae

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the family consisted of nine clades.{{Cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J.A. | last2=Witt | first2=C.C. | last3=Altshuler | first3=D.L. | last4=Remsen | first4=J.V. | date=2007 | title=Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy | journal=Systematic Biology | volume=56 | issue=5 | pages=837–856 | doi=10.1080/10635150701656360 | pmid=17934998 | doi-access= }} When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they divided the nine clades into six subfamilies and proposed using the Latin name Polytminae for the "mango" clade, a name that had been introduced by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1849.{{ cite book | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1849 | title=Avium Systema Naturale | volume=1 | publisher=Friedrich Hofmeister | language=German | place=Dresden and Leipzig | at=Plate XXXIX | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47618439 }}{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|p=108}}

Pre-molecular studies did not anticipate the existence of this clade, but a common feature is the presence of serrations on the cutting edge of the bill. An extreme example is the tooth-billed hummingbird (Androdon aequatorialis).{{Cite journal | last1=Remsen | first1=J.V.J. | last2=Stiles | first2=F.G. | last3=Mcguire | first3=J.A. | date=2015 | title=Classification of the Polytminae (Aves: Trochilidae) | journal=Zootaxa | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281821923 | volume=3957 | issue=1 | pages=143–150 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.13| pmid=26249062 }}

Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds.{{Cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J.A. | last2=Witt | first2=C.C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Dudley | first4=R. | last5=Altshuler | first5=D.L. | date=2009 | title=A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds | journal=Journal of Ornithology | volume=150 | issue=1 | pages=155–165 | doi=10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x | doi-broken-date=7 April 2025 | doi-access= }} In the cladogram below, the English names are those introduced in 1997.{{Cite journal | last1=Bleiweiss | first1=R. | last2=Kirsch | first2=J.A. | last3=Matheus | first3=J.C. | date=1997 | title=DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae). | journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume=14 | issue=3 | pages=325–343 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767 | pmid=9066799 | doi-access=free}} The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|pp=105–136}}

{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:90%

|label1=Trochilidae

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Florisuginae – topazes

|2=Phaethornithinae – hermits

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Polytminae – mangoes

|2={{clade

|label1=Lesbiinae

|1={{clade

|1=Heliantheini – brilliants

|2=Lesbiini – coquettes

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Patagoninae – giant hummingbird

|label2=Trochilinae

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Lampornithini – mountain gems

|2=Mellisugini – bees

}}

|2=Trochilini – emeralds

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

The phylogenetic relationships between the genera in the subfamily Polytminae, as determined in the 2014 study, are shown below. The genus Eulampis was found to be nested within Anthracothorax, making Anthracothorax paraphyletic.{{ cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J. | last2=Witt | first2=C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Corl | first4=A. | last5=Rabosky | first5=D. | last6=Altshuler | first6=D. | last7=Dudley | first7=R. | date=2014 | title=Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds | journal=Current Biology | volume=24 | issue=8 | pages=910–916 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 | pmid=24704078 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2014CBio...24..910M }} No species from the genus Augastes was sampled in the molecular studies, but based on a comparison of plumage features and bill shapes, it is believed that Augastes is closely related to Schistes.

{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%

|label1=Polytminae

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Doryfera – lancebills

|2={{clade

|1=Schistes – daggerbills

|2=Colibri – violetears

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Heliactin – horned sungem

|2={{clade

|1=Androdon – tooth-billed hummingbird

|2=Heliothryx – fairies

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Polytmus – goldenthroats

|2={{clade

|1=Avocettula – fiery-tailed awlbill

|2={{clade

|1=Chrysolampis – ruby-topaz hummingbird

|2=Anthracothorax and Eulampis – mangoes and caribs

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

The subfamily includes the following twelve genera:{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Hummingbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=8 January 2020 }}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Remsen | editor-first2=J.V. Jr. | editor2-link=James Van Remsen, Jr. | year=2013 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=1: Non-passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-0-8 }}

{{refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q16567148}}

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Category:Bird subfamilies