Help:IPA/Latin

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! colspan="5" | ConsonantsGeminate (double) consonants are written with a doubled letter except for {{IPA|/jj/}} and {{IPA|/ww/}}: anus {{IPA|[ˈanʊs]}}, annus {{IPA|[ˈannʊs]}}. In IPA, they may be written as double or be followed by the length sign: {{IPA|/nn/}} or {{IPA|/nː/}}.

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | b

| bellum

| bean

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | d

| decem

| deck

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| style="text-align: center;" | zOnly found in Greek loanwords.

| zēlus

| adds

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| style="text-align: center;" | g

| gēns

| giant

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | f

| faciō

| fan

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | g

| gravis

| gear

| style="text-align: center;" | h

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| habeō

| her or hour

| style="text-align: center;" | iIn Classical Latin, {{angbr|i u}} represent the vowels {{IPA|/ɪ iː/}} and {{IPA|/ʊ uː/}}, and the consonants {{IPA|/j/}} and {{IPA|/w/}}. Between consonants or when marked with macrons or breves, {{angbr|i u}} are vowels. In some spelling systems, {{IPA|/j w/}} are written with the letters {{angbr|j v}}. In other cases, consult a dictionary.

• Consonantal {{angbr|i}}, between vowels, stands for doubled {{IPA|/jj/}}: cuius {{IPA|[ˈkʊjjʊs]}}. The vowel before the double {{IPA|/jj/}} is usually short, but it is sometimes marked with a macron. When a prefix is added to a word beginning in {{IPA|/j/}}, the {{IPA|/j/}} is usually single: trā-iectum {{IPA|[traːˈjɛktũː]}}.
• {{IPA|/w/}} is doubled between vowels only in Greek words, such as Euander {{IPA|[ɛwˈwandɛr]}}.

In Ecclesiastical Latin, {{angbr|i}} represents the vowel {{IPA|/i/}}, {{angbr|j}} represents the consonant {{IPA|/j/}}, {{angbr|u}} represents the vowel {{IPA|/u/}} or (in the combinations {{angbr|gu su qu}}) the consonant {{IPA|/w/}}, and {{angbr|v}} represents the fricative {{IPA|/v/}}.

| style="text-align: center;" | j

| jūvo

| yes

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | c, k

| caput

| scar

| style="text-align: center;" | ch

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| charta

| car

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | qu

| quattuor

| squash

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | l

| lītus

| leave

| style="text-align: center;" | l{{IPA|/l/}} has two allophones in Classical Latin. The clear {{IPAblink|l}} occurs when geminated to /ll/ and before the vowels /ɪ/ and /iː/, as well as before /ʏ/ and /yː/. Elsewhere, a dark (velarized) {{IPAblink|ɫ}} occurs: at the end of a word, before another consonant, and before all other native vowels, including /ɛ/ and /eː/.

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| multus

| all

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | mIn Classical Latin, the combination of a vowel and {{angbr|m}} at the end of a word, or a vowel and {{angbr|n}} before {{angbr|s}} or {{angbr|f}}, represents a long nasal vowel.

| manus

| man

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | n

| noster

| next

| longusIn both Classical and Ecclesiastical Latin, {{angbr|n}} is pronounced as {{IPAblink|ŋ}} before {{IPA|/k, ɡ/}}. The digraph {{angbr|gn}} is pronounced as {{IPA|[ŋn]}} in Classical Latin, but {{IPA|[ɲ]}} in Ecclesiastical Latin.

| rowspan="2" | song

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| ignis

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| style="text-align: center;" | gn

| ignis

| onion

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | p

| pāx

| span

| style="text-align: center;" | ph

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| pharetra

| pan

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | r

| regiō

| trilled or tapped r

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | sIn Ecclesiastical Latin, {{angbr|s}} between vowels is often pronounced {{IPAblink|z}}.

| sum

| between sip and ship (retracted)

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| style="text-align: center;" | sc

| scindō

| ship

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | t

| tabula

| stone

| style="text-align: center;" | th

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| thalamus

| tone

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| style="text-align: center;" | t

| portiō

| Botswana

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| style="text-align: center;" | cIn Classical Latin, {{angbr|c g t}} are always pronounced hard, as {{IPA|[k g t]}}. In Ecclesiastical Latin, {{angbr|c g sc}} are pronounced as soft {{IPA|[tʃ dʒ ʃ]}} before the front vowels {{angbr|e i y ae oe}}, and unstressed {{angbr|ti}} before a vowel is pronounced {{IPA|[tsi]}}.

| centum

| change

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | u

| rowspan="2" | uerbum

| west

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| style="text-align: center;" | v

| vest

| style="text-align: center;" | z

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| zēlus

| rowspan="2" | between zone and genre (retracted)

| style="text-align: center;" | s

| miserēre

! colspan="5" | VowelsClassical Latin has long and short vowels. If vowel length is marked, long vowels are marked with macrons, {{angbr|ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ȳ}}, and short vowels with breves, {{angbr|ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ, y̆}}. Ecclesiastical Latin does not distinguish between long and short vowels.

| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | a

| anima

| pasta

| style="text-align: center;" | ā

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| ācer, āctus

| father

| style="text-align: center;" | e

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| rowspan="2" | est

| rowspan="2" | met

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| class="nowrap" style="text-align: center;" | ae/æ
oe/œ
e

| style="text-align: center;" | ē

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| ēlēctus

| ScottishAlso most forms of Irish English and Northern England English (excluding Scouse and Mancunian) made

| style="text-align: center;" | i

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| incipit

| mit

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| style="text-align: center;" | i
y

| rowspan="2" | īra, mīlle

| rowspan="2" | mead

| style="text-align: center;" | ī

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| style="text-align: center;" | o

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| rowspan="2" | omnis

| off

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| style="text-align: center;" | o

| story (short)

| style="text-align: center;" | ō

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| ōrdō

| story (long)

| style="text-align: center;" | u

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| urbs

| put

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| style="text-align: center;" | u

| rowspan="2" | lūna

| cool (short)

| style="text-align: center;" | ū

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| cool (long)

| style="text-align: center;" | y

| cyclus

| roughly like root (some dialectsThese dialects include modern Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire), Australian, New Zealand, White South African, Scottish, Ulster, Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and California English. Other dialects of English, such as Northern American, New York City, New England, African American Vernacular, Welsh and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.; short); French tu

| style="text-align: center;" | ȳ

| cȳma

| roughly like root (some dialects; long); German über

| style="text-align: center;" | eV

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| mea

| Scottish mate

| style="text-align: center;" | iV

| Italia

| peace

| style="text-align: center;" | ae

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| caelum

| sigh

| style="text-align: center;" | oe

| poena

| boy

| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | au

| aurum

| cow

| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ei

| deinde

| saying

| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | eu

| seu

| hello as pronounced by Elmer Fudd: hewwo; Spanish euro

| style="text-align: center;" colspan=2 | ui

| cui

| booyah; Gruyère

| style="text-align: center;" | um
un

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| mōnstrum

| long nasal vowels

! colspan="3" | Prosody

| rowspan="2" | Gāius
{{IPA|[ˈɡaː.i.ʊs]}}

| stress (placed before the stressed syllable)In words of two syllables, the stress is on the first syllable. In words of three or more syllables, the stress is on the penultimate syllable if heavy, and on the antepenultimate syllable otherwise. There are some exceptions, most caused by contraction or elision.

| syllable marker, generally between vowels in hiatusThis does not indicate a glottal stop [{{IPAlink|ʔ}}]; glottal stops are not reconstructed for Latin prosody in word-internal hiatus.