Herbert Raphael
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Major Sir Herbert Henry Raphael, 1st Baronet (23 December 1859 – 24 September 1924) was a British barrister and Liberal Party politician.{{cite web|title=RAPHAEL, Sir Herbert Henry|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U201987|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press}}{{cite book|last=Walford|first=Edward|title=The county families of the United Kingdom; or, Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland|year=1919|publisher=R Hardwicke|location=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/countyfamiliesof591919walf#page/1114/mode/2up|page=1114}}Leigh Rayment (2006). {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080501225200/http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage/baronetsR1.htm Baronets R]}}
The second son of Henry Louis Raphael, banker, of Raphaels Bank and his wife and cousin, Henriette née Raphael. He was educated in Hanover, Germany and Vevey, Switzerland before attending Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he studied law. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1883.{{cite news|title=Obituary. Sir Herbert Raphael|newspaper=The Times|date=26 September 1924|page=15}} He practiced law for only a few years, choosing to pursue a career in public and political activities.
Political career
In 1889 he was elected to the first London County Council as a councillor for St Pancras West. He was a member of the Liberal-backed Progressive Party which controlled the council.{{cite news|title=The County Councils – London Polls|newspaper=The Times|date=18 January 1889|page=9}} He was also a member of the London School Board. He was subsequently a member of the Essex County Council.
He unsuccessfully contested the Romford constituency as a Liberal candidate in both 1892 and 1897, and St Pancras North in 1900.
He entered the House of Commons at his fourth attempt at the 1906 general election which saw the Liberal Party make numerous gains. He defeated the Conservative incumbent John Gretton to become Member of Parliament for South Derbyshire.Leigh Rayment (). {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003160938/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Dcommons1.htm Members of Parliament D]}} He held the seat until the 1918 general election. In 1911 he was created a baronet, of "Cavendish Square in the Metropolitan Borough of St. Marylebone".{{London Gazette|issue=28509|date=30 June 1911|page=4833}}
Town planner
In the 1890s he was living at Havering Court, Havering Road, Havering-atte-Bower, about {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of Romford, Essex.[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42806 Parishes – Havering-atte-Bower {{!}} British History Online] From 1897, he owned Gidea Hall (demolished 1930)[http://www.romford.org/manors/gidea-hall/gidea-hall.htm Romford: Gidea Hall ()] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820002029/http://www.romford.org/manors/gidea-hall/gidea-hall.htm |date=20 August 2008 }} in Essex, which estate consisted of {{convert|480|acre|km2}}. Later, he lived at Allestree Hall, Derby, where he gave a Memorial Hall to the village.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20060219054506/http://www.derbyshire-peakdistrict.co.uk/derbyallestree.htm]}} "Another former resident of Allestree Hall, Sir Henry Raphael, who represented South Derbyshire for the Liberal Party, gave the Memorial Hall to the village.". Retrieved 24 November 2007. Allestree is the home of Derby University and is near Kedleston, home of the Marquess Curzon
Raphael began to develop his estate as Gidea Park from 1910 into a garden suburb, now known as Romford Garden Suburb, with two other MPs.{{cite web| title = Romford then & now : Herbert Raphael| url = http://www.romford.org/people/raphael.htm| access-date = 22 June 2008| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090106212028/http://www.romford.org/people/raphael.htm| archive-date = 6 January 2009}} The suburb started in 1911 Romford as an exhibition to showcase the work of some of the most eminent architects of the day, such as Clough Williams-Ellis and Charles Robert Ashbee, prominent in the Arts and Crafts Movement. The idea was to demonstrate new ideas in town planning.{{cite book|title=A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7|year=1978|pages=58–66|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42815|editor=W.R.Powell|access-date=24 March 2012|chapter=Romford: Introduction}} Raphael Park and Raphael Avenue in the suburb are named after him.{{cite book|author1=Weinreb, Ben |author2=Hibbert, Christopher |title=The London Encyclopaedia |edition=reprint |year=1992 |publisher=Macmillan |page=317|title-link=The London Encyclopaedia }}
War service
Raphael held a commission in the 1st Volunteer Battalion, Essex Regiment at the beginning of the twentieth century.{{London Gazette|issue=27159|date=30 January 1900|page=605}} Soon after the outbreak of World War I, Raphael enlisted as private in the 24th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (2nd Sportsmen's). In June 1915 he was granted a commission as a major and raised the 18th (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps (Arts and Crafts) at Gidea Park. Later in the same year he raised the 23rd (Reserve) Battalion of the regiment from the depot companies of the 18th Battalion, and served in turn as second-in-command of each unit.{{cite web|last=Baker|first=Chris|title=The King's Royal Rifle Corps|url=http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-british-infantry-regiments-of-1914-1918/kings-royal-rifle-corps/|work=The Long, Long Trail The British Army in the Great War|access-date=6 November 2018}} Later in the war he was Assistant Provost Marshal at Folkestone, Kent.
Art collector and patron
Raphael was active on several committees and a trustee of the National Portrait Gallery. In 1916, he gave several paintings and portraits to the National Gallery. He also sold several pictures by auction at Christie's on 8 May 1916.[http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/opacdirect/18224.html The Fitzwilliam] acquired some of his pictures eventually. He was also a governor of Guy's Hospital and a justice of the peace for Essex and Derbyshire.
Family and death
In 1884 Raphael married Rosalie Coster, daughter of William Frederick Coster of Upper Chine, Shanklin, Isle of Wight. The couple settled at Hockley Sole, Capel-le-Ferne, near Folkestone. Raphael was a keen sportsman, and died suddenly from heart failure while out shooting on his estate in September 1924 aged 64. He had no children, and the baronetcy became extinct on his death.
Notes
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References
- {{Rayment|date=February 2012}}
- {{Rayment-hc|date=March 2012}}
External links
- {{Hansard-contribs | mr-herbert-raphael | Herbert Raphael }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106212028/http://www.romford.org/people/raphael.htm Sir Herbert Raphael, Baronet]
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{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Derbyshire South | years = 1906–1918 | before = John Gretton | after = Holman Gregory}}
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| title = Baronet
(of Cavendish Square in the Metropolitan Borough of St. Marylebone)
| years = 1911–1924
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Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Category:British Army personnel of World War I
Category:King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
Category:Members of London County Council
Category:Members of the London School Board
Category:Jewish British politicians
Category:Essex Regiment officers