Hoklo Americans

{{See also|Taiwanese Americans}}

Although around 70% of Taiwanese people in Taiwan are Hoklo, there are slightly more Taiwanese Americans who are Waishengren (descended from those who came to Taiwan with the KMT) most of whom are not Hoklo.Ng, Franklin (1998). The Taiwanese Americans. Greenwood.Linda Gail Arrigo. [http://taiwaneseamericanhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Life-Patterns-Among-Taiwanese-Americans.pdf "Patterns of Personal and Political Life Among Taiwanese-Americans"] (PDF). taiwaneseamericanhistory.org. Retrieved 2016-07-29. Furthermore, Hoklo and Hakka Han people who have roots in Taiwan from before 1945 (Benshengren) are more likely to identify as "Taiwanese".Lai, Him Mark. Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions. p. 245. American Community Survey program of the United States Census Bureau reported that 200,000 Americans identify as "Taiwanese Hoklo people" and 70,000 speak Taiwanese Hokkien at home.

{{See also|Indonesian Americans|Filipino Americans|Singaporean Americans|Malaysian Americans|Burmese Americans|Cambodian Americans|Vietnamese Americans}}

The first Indonesians to move to Southern California were Indos (Indonesians of mixed pribumi and European descent).Cunningham 2009, p. 97 However, the majority of Indonesians who came in the 1960s were of Chinese descent.Yang 2001, p. 899 Unofficial estimates suggest that as many as 50% of the Indonesians in Southern California are of Chinese descent, and around 50% of the ethnic Chinese population in Indonesia is Hoklo.2009, p. 95

Chinese Filipinos are one of the largest overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014. Mestizos de Sangley—Filipinos with at least some Chinese ancestry—comprise 18-27% of the Philippine population, totaling up to 30 million people."Sangley, Intsik und Sino : die chinesische Haendlerminoritaet in den Philippine". Library.wur.nl. Retrieved 2016-07-29."The ethnic Chinese variable in domestic and foreign policies in Malaysia and Indonesia" (PDF). Summit.sfu.ca. Retrieved 2012-04-23. There are approximately 2 million Filipinos with pure Chinese ancestry, or around 2.5% of the population."Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday". Senate.gov.ph. Retrieved 2016-07-29. Minnan peoples are more popularly known as "Hokkienese", or "Southern Fujianese" in English, or Lan-nang, Lán-lâng, Bân-lâm, Minnan in Chinese. The Minnan form 98.7% of all unmixed ethnic Chinese in the Philippines. Of the Minnan peoples, about 75% are from Quanzhou prefecture (specifically, Jinjiang City), 23% are from Zhangzhou prefecture, and 2% are from Xiamen City.Ng, Maria; Philip Holden (1 September 2006). Reading Chinese transnationalisms: society, literature, film. Hong Kong University Press. p. 20. {{ISBN|978-962-209-796-4}}.

Teochew people and Hainanese people may occasionally be included as Minnan people.{{cite web|url=http://www.chinaexpat.com/2011/08/10/the-teochew-chinese-not-hokkienese.html/|title=China Expat - Chinese Cultural Observations From The Western Perspective -|website=China Expat - Chinese Cultural Observations From The Western Perspective}}

Some coolies and laborers in Hawaii during the 1800s were from southern Fukien."The First Chinese Contract Laborers in Hawaii, 1852" (PDF). Evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2016-07-29. There is a Hoklo cemetery in the Pauoa Valley in Honolulu.

Researchers have looked upon the patterns of immigration of Filipinos to the United States and have recognized four significant waves. The first was connected to the period when the Philippines was part of New Spain and later the Spanish East Indies; Filipinos, via the Manila galleons, would migrate to North America.

The second wave was during the period when the Philippines were a territory of the United States; as U.S. Nationals, Filipinos were unrestricted from immigrating to the US by the Immigration Act of 1917 that restricted other Asians. This wave of immigration has been referred to as the manong generation."Filipino American History". Northern California Pilipino American Student Organization. California State University, Chico. January 29, 1998. Retrieved June 7, 2011. These Filipino pioneers were known as the "manong generation" since most of them came from Ilokos Sur, Iloilo, and Cavite in the Philippines."Learn about our culture". Filipino Student Association. Saint Louis University. Retrieved June 7, 2011. These Filipino pioneers were known as the "manong generation" since most of them came from Ilokos Sur, Iloilo, and Cavite in the Philippines.Jackson, Yo (2006). Encyclopedia of multicultural psychology. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. p. 216. {{ISBN|978-1-4129-0948-8}}. Retrieved June 7, 2011. Included in this group were Pensionados, Sakadas, Alaskeros, and Manongs primarily from the Illocos and Visayas regions. " Filipinos of this wave came for different reasons, but the majority were laborers, predominantly Ilocano and Visayan. This wave of immigration was distinct from other Asian Americans, due to American influences, and education, in the Philippines; thefore they did not see themselves as aliens when they immigrated to the United States.Starr, Kevin (2009). Golden dreams: California in an age of abundance, 1950–1963. New York: Oxford University Press US. p. 450. {{ISBN|978-0-19-515377-4}}. Retrieved April 27, 2011. They were, however, officially under the protection of the United States, which governed the Philippines, and herein they took a distinctive characteristics. First of all, they had been inculcated in the Philippines, through the American-sponsored education system and through the general point of view of a colonial society strongly under American influence, in the belief that all men were created equal, in fact and under the law, and that included them. Second, they spoke English, excellently in many cases, thanks once again to the American sponsored educational system in the Philippines. Filipino migrant workers did not see themselves as aliens. " During the Great Depression, Filipino Americans were also affected, losing jobs, and being the target of race-based violence.Austin, Joe; Michael Willard (1998). Generations of youth: youth cultures and history in twentieth-century America. New York: NYU Press. pp. 118–135. {{ISBN|978-0-8147-0646-6}}. Retrieved April 27, 2011. This wave of immigration ended due to the Philippine Independence Act in 1934, which restricted immigration to 50 persons a year.

Some Hokkien people in the Philippines adopted romanized Hokkien surnames during Spanish colonial times, many of which end with "-co" ({{zh|t=|poj=ko|l=older brother|c=哥|s=|p=}}), an honorific suffix that used to be used by Hokkien Chinese Filipinos appended to the end of their Hokkien Chinese given name. Many also end with "-son" and "-zon" ({{zh|t=|poj=sun|l=grandson|c=孫|s=|p=}}) because the surname was a romanized Hokkien word that described which line of descendants the patriarch was from, either through birth order or which generation from their Hokkien-speaking ancestor. Some of these surnames were also brought to America.Woo Louie, Emma. Chinese American Names: Tradition and Transition. p. 41.

Hoklo Taiwanese people are about 70% of the population of Taiwan, but the first wave of Taiwanese immigrants to America were mostly Waishengren, most of whom were not Hoklo. Hoklo people started immigrating in larger numbers after the 1960s.Lai, Him Mark. Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions. p. 243

{{Expand list|date=May 2021}}

• Chen Baiyu, or just Baiyu, singer born in Xiamen{{cite web|url=http://aapress.com/ethnicity/chinese/baiyu-releases-new-ep/|title=Baiyu releases new EP - Asian American Press|website=aapress.com|access-date=2018-06-18|archive-date=2011-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421065632/http://aapress.com/ethnicity/chinese/baiyu-releases-new-ep/|url-status=dead}}
• Ma Sicong (馬思聰 1912-1987), Chinese violinist and composer born in Haifeng, Guangdong
• Yuan Tseh Lee (李遠哲 1936-),{{Cite web|url=https://www.tongxianghuicn.com/character/490867.jhtml?libId=266|title=李远哲-人物|website=www.tongxianghuicn.com}} Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, he served as a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley (He was a Hoklo American until 1994 when he renounced his American citizenship to become President of Academia Sinica)
• Nick Chou (周湯豪, 1988-){{cite web|url=https://nobilityofimperfection.wordpress.com/2010/12/03/spotlight-nick-chou-from-super-junior-to-taiwan/|title=Protected Blog › Log in|website=nobilityofimperfection.wordpress.com}} Taiwanese actor and singer.
• Amy Chua (蔡美兒, 1962-), writer of Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, FilipinoChua, Amy (2011). Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. Penguin Press. p. 14. {{ISBN|978-1-59420-284-1}}.
• Leon O. Chua (蔡少棠, 1936-), professor at the University of California, Berkeley and inventor of Chua's circuit
• Zhijian Chen (陳志堅, 1966-), the 2019 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences winner.{{cite web|title=陈志坚当选美国科学院院士|url=http://www.fjkx.org/News.aspx?ID=18166|publisher=Fujian Association for Science and Technology|access-date=20 May 2014|language=zh}}
• Lanhee Chen (陳仁宜; 1978-), an American policy expert, academic, and political commentator. Chen currently serves as the Director of Domestic Policy Studies and lecturer at Stanford University, and Lecturer in Law at Stanford Law School
• Janet Hsieh (謝怡芬, 1980-), television star and model.{{cite web|url=http://m.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1435749/my-life-janet-hsieh|title=My life: Janet Hsieh|website=M.scmp.com|date=March 2014|access-date=17 August 2018}}
• Richard Koo (辜朝明, 1954), Chief Economist at the Nomura Research Institute.
• Jeremy Lin (林書豪, 1988-), NBA playerChinese Americans: The History and Culture of a People
• Carl Chang (張君培, 1969–), tennis player, older brother of Michael Chang
• Michael Chang (張德培, 1972–) tennis player
• Yang Yang (楊陽, 1958-), physicist, solar cells{{Cite web|last=|date=2021-02-11|title=UCLA台裔教授楊陽 開發鈣鈦礦太陽能電池材料獲重大突破 - 生活 (UCLA Taiwanese Professor Yang Yang has made a major breakthrough in the development of perovskite solar cell materials)|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/3438306|access-date=2021-06-03|website=自由時報電子報 (Liberty Times)|language=zh-Hant-TW}}
• Andrew Yang, US politician{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/nyc-elections-2021/ny-nyc-mayoral-candidate-andrew-yang-chinese-american-endorsements-20210504-du3fefxhxbbj3e6oooigklqzoe-story.html|title=Local Asian-American groups back Andrew Yang for NYC mayor|first=Shant|last=Shahrigian|website=nydailynews.com}}

{{Reflist}}

• Yang, Eveline (2001), "Indonesian Americans", in Lehman, Jeffrey, Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, 2 (second ed.), Gale Group, pp. 897–905, {{ISBN|978-0-7876-3986-0}}
• Barnes, Jessica S.; Bennett, Claudette E. (February 2002), The Asian Population: 2000 (PDF), U.S. Census 2000, U.S. Department of Commerce, retrieved 2009-09-30
• Cunningham, Clark E. (2009), "Unity and Diversity among Indonesian Migrants to the United States", in Ling, Huping, Emerging Voices: Experiences of Underrepresented Asian Americans, Rutgers University Press, pp. 90–125, {{ISBN|978-0-8135-4342-0}}
• Sukmana, Damai (January 2009), "Game of Chance: Chinese Indonesians Play Asylum Roulette in the United States", Inside Indonesia, 95, ISSN 0814-1185, retrieved 31 January 2010
• Ding, Picus Sizhi, Southern Min (Hokkien) as a Migrating Language, Springer, 2016
• Brown, Melissa J., Is Taiwan Chinese?: The Impact of Culture, Power, and Migration on Changing Identities (Berkeley Series in Interdisciplinary Studies of China), University of California Press, 2004
• edited by Robin M Boylorn, Mark P Orbe, Critical Autoethnography: Intersecting Cultural Identities in Everyday Life, Routledge, 2013

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{{Asian Americans}}

{{Demographics of the United States}}

Category:Hokkien people

Category:Chinese diaspora in the United States