Human Cell Atlas
{{Short description|Global health science project}}
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| citation = {{Cite arXiv |eprint=1810.05192 |last1=Regev |first1=Aviv |last2=Teichmann |first2=Sarah |last3=Rozenblatt-Rosen |first3=Orit |last4=Stubbington |first4=Michael |last5=Ardlie |first5=Kristin |last6=Amit |first6=Ido |last7=Arlotta |first7=Paola |last8=Bader |first8=Gary |last9=Benoist |first9=Christophe |last10=Biton |first10=Moshe |last11=Bodenmiller |first11=Bernd |last12=Bruneau |first12=Benoit |last13=Campbell |first13=Peter |last14=Carmichael |first14=Mary |last15=Carninci |first15=Piero |last16=Castelo-Soccio |first16=Leslie |last17=Clatworthy |first17=Menna |last18=Clevers |first18=Hans |last19=Conrad |first19=Christian |last20=Eils |first20=Roland |last21=Freeman |first21=Jeremy |last22=Fugger |first22=Lars |last23=Goettgens |first23=Berthold |last24=Graham |first24=Daniel |last25=Greka |first25=Anna |last26=Hacohen |first26=Nir |last27=Haniffa |first27=Muzlifah |last28=Helbig |first28=Ingo |last29=Heuckeroth |first29=Robert |last30=Kathiresan |first30=Sekar |title=The Human Cell Atlas White Paper |date=2018 |class=q-bio.TO |display-authors=1 |collaboration=Human Cell Atlas Organizing Committee |ref=none}}
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The Human Cell Atlas is a global project to describe all cell types in the human body, to understand human health and for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease.{{sfn|Regev|Teichmann|Rozenblatt-Rosen|Stubbington|2018}} The initiative was announced by a consortium after its inaugural meeting in London in October 2016, which established the first phase of the project.{{sfn|Preidt|2016}}{{sfn|Yup|2017}} Aviv Regev and Sarah Teichmann defined the goals of the project at that meeting,{{sfn|Sample|2016}} which was convened by the Broad Institute, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and Wellcome Trust.{{sfn|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute|2016}} Regev and Teichmann lead the project.{{sfn|Nowogrodzki|2017}} As of 2024, the project has mapped approximately 62 million human cells into 18 biological networks, which includes cells from vital systems such as the nervous system, lungs, heart, intestine and immune system.{{Cite journal |date=2024-11-20 |title=A 'Wikipedia for cells': researchers get an updated look at the Human Cell Atlas, and it's remarkable |journal=Nature |type=Editorial |language=en |volume=635 |issue=8039 |pages=523–524 |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-03754-y|doi-access=free |pmid=39567795 }}
Description
The Human Cell Atlas will catalogue a cell based on several criteria, specifically the cell type, its state, its location in the body, the transitions it undergoes, and its lineage.{{sfn|Regev|p=4}} It will gather data from existing research, and integrate it with data collected in future research projects.{{sfn|Yup|2017}} Among the data it will collect is the fluxome, genome, metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome.{{sfn|Yup|2017}}
Its scope is to categorize the 37 trillion cells{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} of the human body to determine which genes each cell expresses by sampling cells from all parts of the body.{{sfn|Apple|2018}}
All aspects of the project will be made "available to the public for free", including software and results.{{sfn|Silva|2017}}
By April 2018, the project included more than 480 researchers conducting 185 projects.{{sfn|Daley|2018}}
Funding
In October 2017, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative announced funding for 38 projects related to the Human Cell Atlas.{{sfn|AZ Big Media|2017}} Among them was a grant of undisclosed value to the Zuckerman Institute of the Columbia University Medical Center at Columbia University.{{sfn|Silva|2017}} The grant, titled "A strategy for mapping the human spinal cord with single cell resolution", will fund research to identify and catalogue gene activity in all spinal cord cells.{{sfn|Silva|2017}} The Translational Genomics Research Institute received a grant to develop a standard for the "processing and storage of solid tissues for single-cell RNA sequencing", compared to the typical practice of relying on the average of sequencing multiple cells.{{sfn|AZ Big Media|2017}} Project home pages are available at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative's website.from https://www.czbiohub.org/tabula-projects/
The program is also backed by European Union, the National Institutes of Health in the United States, and the Manton Foundation.{{sfn|Apple|2018}}
Data
In April 2018, the first data set from the project was released, representing 530,000 immune system cells collected from bone marrow and cord blood.{{sfn|Daley|2018}}
A research program at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics published an atlas of the cells of the liver, using single-cell RNA sequencing on 10,000 normal cells obtained from nine donors.{{sfn|Aizarani|Saviano|Sagar|Durand|2019}}
The [https://tabula-sapiens-portal.ds.czbiohub.org/ Tabula Sapiens] data was published on a dedicated website.{{sfn|The Tabula Sapiens Consortium|2022}}
See also
- List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
- ENCODE - Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE)
- Human Genome Project
- Human Protein Atlas
- Human Biomolecular Atlas Program
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite journal|title=A human liver cell atlas reveals heterogeneity and epithelial progenitors|last1=Aizarani|first1=Nadim|last2=Saviano|first2=Antonio|last3=Sagar|first3= Laurent Mailly|last4=Durand|first4=Sarah|last5=Herman|first5=Josip S.|last6=Pessaux|first6=Patrick|last7=Baumert|first7=Thomas F.|last8=Grün|first8=Dominic|journal=Nature|volume=572|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1373-2|date=10 July 2019|issue=7768|pages=199–204|pmid=31292543|pmc=6687507}}
- {{cite magazine|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/611786/the-cartographer-of-cells/|title=The cartographer of cells|last=Apple|first=Sam|magazine=MIT Technology Review|date=22 August 2018|publication-date=September 2018}}
- {{cite magazine|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/human-cell-atlas-releases-first-major-data-set-180968831/|title=Human Cell Atlas releases first major data set|last=Daley|first=Jason|magazine=Smithsonian Magazine|date=19 April 2018|access-date=26 December 2019}}
- {{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/09/to-better-grok-how-all-37-trillion-human-cells-work-we-need-new-tools/|title=To better grok how all 37 trillion human cells work, we need new tools|last=Farivar|first=Cyrus|publisher=Ars Technica|date=30 September 2017|access-date=1 October 2017}}
- {{cite journal | title = The Tabula Sapiens: A multiple-organ, single-cell transcriptomic atlas of humans | journal = Science | volume = 376 | issue = 6594 | page = eabl4896 | date = May 2022 | pmid = 35549404 | doi = 10.1126/science.abl4896|pmc=9812260 |s2cid=248748505 | last1 = The Tabula Sapiens Consortium | last2 = Jones | first2 = Robert C. | last3 = Karkanias | first3 = Jim | last4 = Krasnow | first4 = Mark A. | last5 = Pisco | first5 = Angela Oliveira | last6 = Quake | first6 = Stephen R. | last7 = Salzman | first7 = Julia | last8 = Yosef | first8 = Nir | last9 = Bulthaup | first9 = Bryan | last10 = Brown | first10 = Phillip | last11 = Harper | first11 = William | last12 = Hemenez | first12 = Marisa | last13 = Ponnusamy | first13 = Ravikumar | last14 = Salehi | first14 = Ahmad | last15 = Sanagavarapu | first15 = Bhavani A. | last16 = Spallino | first16 = Eileen | last17 = Aaron | first17 = Ksenia A. | last18 = Concepcion | first18 = Waldo | last19 = Gardner | first19 = James M. | last20 = Kelly | first20 = Burnett | last21 = Neidlinger | first21 = Nikole | last22 = Wang | first22 = Zifa | last23 = Crasta | first23 = Sheela | last24 = Kolluru | first24 = Saroja | last25 = Morri | first25 = Maurizio | last26 = Tan | first26 = Serena Y. | last27 = Travaglini | first27 = Kyle J. | last28 = Xu | first28 = Chenling | last29 = Alcántara-Hernández | first29 = Marcela | last30 = Almanzar | first30 = Nicole | display-authors = 1 |ref={{sfnref|The Tabula Sapiens Consortium|2022}}}}
- {{cite journal|title=How to build a human cell atlas|last=Nowogrodzki|first=Anna|volume=547|issue=7661|journal=Nature|date=5 July 2017|pages=24–26|doi=10.1038/547024a|pmid=28682347|bibcode=2017Natur.547...24N|s2cid=211067156|doi-access=free}}
- {{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scientists-plan-map-of-every-cell-in-the-human-body/|title=Scientists plan to map every cell in the human body|last=Preidt|first=Robert|publisher=CBS News|date=17 October 2016|access-date=1 October 2017}}
- {{cite web|url=https://www.genome.gov/multimedia/slides/gspfuture2014/10_regev.pdf|title=The Human Cell Atlas|last=Regev|first=Aviv|publisher=Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413064018/https://www.genome.gov/Multimedia/Slides/GSPFuture2014/10_Regev.pdf|url-status=dead}}
- {{Cite arXiv |eprint=1810.05192 |last1=Regev |first1=Aviv |last2=Teichmann |first2=Sarah |last3=Rozenblatt-Rosen |first3=Orit |last4=Stubbington |first4=Michael |last5=Ardlie |first5=Kristin |last6=Amit |first6=Ido |last7=Arlotta |first7=Paola |last8=Bader |first8=Gary |last9=Benoist |first9=Christophe |last10=Biton |first10=Moshe |last11=Bodenmiller |first11=Bernd |last12=Bruneau |first12=Benoit |last13=Campbell |first13=Peter |last14=Carmichael |first14=Mary |last15=Carninci |first15=Piero |last16=Castelo-Soccio |first16=Leslie |last17=Clatworthy |first17=Menna |last18=Clevers |first18=Hans |last19=Conrad |first19=Christian |last20=Eils |first20=Roland |last21=Freeman |first21=Jeremy |last22=Fugger |first22=Lars |last23=Goettgens |first23=Berthold |last24=Graham |first24=Daniel |last25=Greka |first25=Anna |last26=Hacohen |first26=Nir |last27=Haniffa |first27=Muzlifah |last28=Helbig |first28=Ingo |last29=Heuckeroth |first29=Robert |last30=Kathiresan |first30=Sekar |title=The Human Cell Atlas White Paper |date=2018 |class=q-bio.TO |display-authors=1 |collaboration=Human Cell Atlas Organizing Committee }}
- {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/14/human-cell-atlas-project-aims-to-map-the-human-bodys-35-trillion-cells|title=Human Cell Atlas project aims to map the human body's 35 trillion cells|last=Sample|first=Ian|newspaper=The Guardian|date=14 October 2016|access-date=1 October 2017}}
- {{cite web|url=https://alsnewstoday.com/2017/10/20/als-research-to-benefit-from-facebook-founder-funded-atlas-of-spinal-cord-cells/|title=Columbia researchers receive funding from Facebook founder to create atlas of spinal cord cells|last=Silva|first=Catarina|publisher=ALS News Today|date=20 October 2017|access-date=20 October 2017}}
- {{cite magazine|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-human-cell-atlas/|title=Human Cell Atlas Opens a New Window to Health and Disease|last=Yup|first=Sang|magazine=Scientific American|date=26 June 2017|access-date=1 October 2017}}
- {{cite news|url=https://azbigmedia.com/tgen-develops-processing-procedures-single-cell-sequencing/|title=TGen develops processing procedures for 'single-cell' sequencing|publisher=AZ Big Media|date=19 October 2017|access-date=20 October 2017|ref={{sfnref|AZ Big Media|2017}}}}
- {{cite press release|url=http://www.sanger.ac.uk/news/view/international-human-cell-atlas-initiative|title=International Human Cell Atlas Initiative|publisher=Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute|date=14 October 2016|access-date=1 October 2017|ref={{sfnref|Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute|2016}}}}
{{refend}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal| title=The Human Cell Atlas: from vision to reality |last1=Rozenblatt-Rosen |first1=O. |last2=Stubbington |first2=M.J.T. |last3=Regev |first3=A. |last4=Teichmann |first4=S.A. |journal=Nature |volume=550 |issue=7677 |pages=451–453 |doi=10.1038/550451a |bibcode=2017Natur.550..451R |s2cid=205095818 |date=18 October 2017|pmid=29072289 |doi-access=free }}
External links
- {{Official website}}
- {{cite bioRxiv |biorxiv=10.1101/121202 |title=The Human Cell Atlas|vauthors=Regev A, Teichmann SA, Lander ES, Amit I, Benoist C, Birney E |collaboration=Human Cell Atlas Meeting Participants |date=8 May 2017}}
- {{cite journal|title=The race to map the human body — one cell at a time|last=Ledford|first=Heidi|volume=542|issue=7642|journal=Nature|date=23 February 2017|pages=404–405|doi=10.1038/nature.2017.21508|pmid=28230136|bibcode=2017Natur.542..404L|doi-access=free}}
- {{cite magazine|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/cell-atlases-reveal-biologys-frontiers-20170712/|title=Cell Atlases Reveal Biology's Frontiers|last=Cepelewicz|first=Jordana|magazine=Quanta Magazine|date=12 July 2017|access-date=1 October 2017}}
- {{cite press release|url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/about/news/press-releases/2017-hca-data-platform-czi|title=Human Cell Atlas data platform kicks off with support from CZI|publisher=Chan Zuckerberg Initiative|date=1 June 2017|access-date=4 October 2017}}
- {{cite magazine|url=http://alliance.nautil.us/article/220/creating-a-census-of-human-cells|title=Creating a census of human cells|last=Regev|first=Aviv|magazine=Nautilus|date=June 2017|access-date=4 October 2017|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414152326/http://alliance.nautil.us/article/220/creating-a-census-of-human-cells|url-status=dead}}
- {{Cite magazine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/10/a-google-maps-for-the-human-body/504002/|title=A Google Maps for the human body|last=Yong|first=Ed|magazine=The Atlantic|date=14 October 2016|access-date=4 October 2017}}