Login
Login

Hyundai Kappa engine#Kappa II

{{More citations needed|date=December 2018}}{{Infobox automobile engine

| name = κ engine
85px{{spaces|2}}Kappa engine

| image = Moteur Hyundai Kappa I4 1 25.jpg

| caption = 2009 Hyundai i10 1.25-litre Kappa engine

| manufacturer = Hyundai Motor Company

| aka =

| production = 2008–present

| predecessor = Epsilon

| successor = Smartstream G1.0T/G1.2/G1.4T/G1.5/G1.6HEV

| configuration = {{ubl

| Inline-3

| Inline-4

}}

| displacement ={{ubl

| {{cvt|998|cc|L|1|order=flip}}

| {{cvt|1197|cc|L|1|order=flip}}

| {{cvt|1248|cc|L|2|order=flip}}

| {{cvt|1353|cc|L|1|order=flip}}

| {{cvt|1368|cc|L|1|order=flip}}

| {{cvt|1397|cc|L|1|order=flip}}

| {{cvt|1579|cc|L|1|order=flip}}

}}

| bore = {{cvt|71|mm}}
{{cvt|72|mm|2}}

| stroke = {{cvt|75.6|mm|2}}
{{cvt|78.8|mm}}
{{cvt|84|mm|2}}
{{cvt|97|mm|2}}

| block = Aluminium

| head = Aluminium

| valvetrain = DOHC 4 valves x cyl. with VVT

| compression =

| supercharger =

| turbocharger = Yes, On Kappa II TCI/T-GDi

| fuelsystem = Multipoint injection
Direct injection

| management =

| fueltype = Gasoline
LPG

| oilsystem =

| coolingsystem = Water-cooled

| power = {{cvt|69-140|PS|kW hp|0}}

| specpower =

| torque = {{cvt|9.6-24.7|kgm|0}}

| weight = {{cvt|71.4-84|kg|lb}}

}}

Hyundai's Kappa automobile engine series consists of three-cylinder{{cite web |url=http://www.kia.com.ph/sites/default/files/brochures/picanto.pdf |title=2012 Kia Picanto Brochure |publisher=Kia Motors Philippines |accessdate=2012-07-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619045257/http://www.kia.com.ph/sites/default/files/brochures/picanto.pdf |archivedate=2012-06-19 }} and four-cylinder models.[http://indianautosblog.com/2008/08/kappa-the-byword-for-latest-tech Totally Technical: Hyundai's Kappa Engine Explained]

Kappa

The Kappa engine series are gasoline powered, all-aluminum block and utilizes a 16-valve design with DOHC as opposed to the 12-valve design SOHC of its Epsilon engine family predecessor.

= {{anchor|1.2 L G4LA}}1.2 L (G4LA) =

The {{cvt|1197|cc|L|1}} is a destroked variant of the Kappa G4LA engine produced in India to circumvent the 1,200 cc tax bracket. It makes {{cvt|80|PS|kW hp|0}} at 5,200 rpm and {{cvt|11.3|kgm|lbft Nm|0} of torque at 4,000 rpm.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}

= {{anchor|1.25 L G4LA}}1.25 L (G4LA) =

The {{cvt|1248|cc|L|2}} is the European version. It makes {{cvt|77|-|78|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|11.8|-|12.1|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque at 4,000 rpm. Engine output figures varies depending on application and target market. Fuel economy is rated at {{cvt|5|L/100 km|mpgus mpgimp}} in the European combined test cycle.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}

=1.4 L=

The {{cvt|1353|cc|L|1}} version makes {{cvt|95|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|13.2|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque at 4,000 rpm.

Kappa II MPi

Main improvement is adding VVT (variable valve timing) to the engine.

= {{anchor|G3LA}}1.0 L MPI (G3LA) =

File:2021 Hyundai Grand i10 Nios 1.0AT Standard red engine view in Brunei.jpg

The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} three-cylinder engine makes {{cvt|69|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,200 rpm and {{cvt|9.7|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque at 3,500 rpm.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}

= {{anchor|F3LA}}1.0 L FLEX (F3LA) =

Flex fuel compatible version of the 1.0 MPi engine. The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} three-cylinder engine makes {{cvt|80|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,200 rpm and {{cvt|10.2|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque at 4,500 rpm.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=March 2022}}

= {{anchor|G3LB}}1.0 L TCI/T-MPi (G3LB) =

The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} three-cylinder engine is turbocharged and makes {{cvt|106|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|14|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque between 1,600 and 3,500 rpm.{{Cite web|date=2020-05-01|title=현대/기아자동차 카파엔진 G3LB 1.0L T-MPI (Kappa Engine for Gasoline)|url=https://hsmp.tistory.com/43|access-date=2021-09-01|website=HS Motor Parts|language=ko}}

;Applications

= {{anchor|F3LB}}1.0 L Turbo FLEX (F3LB) =

Flex fuel compatible version of the 1.0 TCi engine. The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} three-cylinder engine is turbocharged and makes {{cvt|106|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|14|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque between 1,600 and 3,500 rpm.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=March 2022}}

= {{anchor|G4LAII}}1.2 L (G4LA) =

File:Hyundai-1.2Kappa.jpg

The {{cvt|1197|cc|L|1}} is a destroked variant of the Kappa II G4LA engine produced in India to circumvent the 1,200 cc tax bracket. It is a four-cylinder engine making {{cvt|83|PS|hp kW|0}} at 6,300 rpm and {{cvt|11.6-12|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque at 4,200 rpm.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}

= {{anchor|1.25 L G4LA II}}1.25 L (G4LA) =

File:2012 Kia Picanto - Kappa II 1.25 liter engine.jpg 1.25-litre Kappa II engine]]

The {{cvt|1248|cc|L|2}} is the European version. It is a four-cylinder engine making {{cvt|87|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|12.3|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque at 4,000 rpm.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}

= {{anchor|G4LC}}1.4 L (G4LC) =

File:2019 Kia Soluto EX - Engine.jpg 1.4-litre Kappa II engine]]

The {{cvt|1368|cc|L|1}} version adds Dual-CVVT and VIS, the engine makes {{cvt|95-100|PS|kW hp|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|13.5-13.7|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque at 4,000 rpm.

;Applications

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}

Kappa II GDi

= {{anchor|G3LC}}1.0 T-GDi (G3LC) =

The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} turbocharged three-cylinder engine makes {{cvt|120|PS|hp kW|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|17.5|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque between 1,500 and 4,000 rpm.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Hyundai KIA 1.0 MPi/T-GDi Engine (Kappa G3LA/G3LC) Review|url=https://www.motorreviewer.com/engine.php?engine_id=143|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Motor Reviewer}}

A detuned version that makes {{cvt|100|PS|hp kW|0}} between 4,500 and 6,000 rpm is also available for some applications.

;Applications

  • Hyundai Accent/Verna (HCi) (2020–2023){{Cite web|title=2020 Hyundai Verna review, test drive|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-reviews/2020-hyundai-verna-review-test-drive-417687|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Autocar India|language=en}}
  • Hyundai Aura (AI3) (2020–present, detuned)
  • Hyundai Casper (AX1) (2021–present, detuned){{Cite web|date=2021-08-19|title=우려가 현실로. 현대 경형 SUV 캐스퍼(AX1) 파워트레인 정보|url=https://myride.tistory.com/1290|access-date=2021-09-01|website=내 차 정보, 마이라이드|language=ko}}
  • Hyundai Grand i10 (AI3) (2019–present, detuned)
  • Hyundai HB20 (BR2) (2019–present)
  • Hyundai i10 (AC3) (2019–present, detuned)
  • Hyundai i20 (GB) (2014–2020){{Cite web|title=Engine HYUNDAI i20 (GB, IB) 1.0 T-GDI G3LC; FP162115 {{!}} B-Parts|url=https://www.b-parts.com/en/store/products/202710/engine-hyundai-i20-gb-ib-10-t-gdi-g3lc-fp162115-2014/|access-date=2020-12-09|website=www.b-parts.com}}
  • Hyundai i20 (BI3) (2020–present)
  • Hyundai i30 (PD) (2016–present)
  • Hyundai Kona (OS) (2017–2020)
  • Hyundai Venue (QXi) (2019–present)
  • Kia cee'd (JD) (2012–2018){{Cite web|title=Kia's new 1.0-liter turbocharged three-cylinder 'Kappa' engine – Car Engineer: Learn Automotive Engineering from Auto Engineers|date=20 February 2015 |url=https://www.car-engineer.com/kias-new-1-0-liter-turbocharged-three-cylinder-kappa-engine/|access-date=2020-12-09|language=en-us}}
  • Kia Ceed (CD) (2018–present)
  • Kia Picanto (JA) (2017–present, detuned)
  • Kia Rio (YB) (2017–2023){{Cite web|last=Events|first=UKi Media &|date=2017-02-14|title=Engines on test: Hyundai-Kia G3LC-6iL|url=https://www.enginetechnologyinternational.com/features/engines-on-test-hyundai-kia-g3lc-6il.html|access-date=2020-12-09|website=Engine + Powertrain Technology International|language=en-GB}}
  • Kia Sonet (QY) (2020–present)
  • Kia Stonic (YB) (2017–present)

= {{anchor|F3LC}}1.0 T-GDi FLEX (F3LC) =

Flex fuel compatible version of the 1.0 T-GDi engine. The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} turbocharged three-cylinder engine makes {{cvt|120|PS|hp kW|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|17.5|kgm|lbft Nm|0}} of torque between 1,500 and 4,000 rpm.

;Applications

={{anchor|G4LD}} 1.4 T-GDi (G4LD)=

The {{cvt|1353|cc|L|1}} turbocharged four-cylinder engine which was announced in 2015 makes {{cvt|140|PS|hp kW|0}} at 6,000 rpm and {{cvt|24.7|kgm|0|lk=on}} of torque between 1,500 and 3,200 rpm.

A detuned version which produces {{cvt|130|PS|hp kW|0}} at 5,500 rpm and {{cvt|21.6|kgm|0}} of torque between 1,400 rpm and 3,700 rpm is also available for some applications.

;Applications

Kappa II GDi HEV

Announced in 2016 and intended for use in Hybrid applications, main improvements are utilizing Atkinson cycle, higher compression ratio, cooler EGR system and higher pressure fuel system.

={{anchor|G4LE}} 1.6 L (G4LE)=

The {{cvt|1580|cc|L|1}} four-cylinder with a {{cvt|72|mm|in}} bore, {{cvt|97|mm|in}} stroke and a 13.0:1 compression ratio. The engine makes {{cvt|105|PS|hp kW|0}} at 5,700 rpm and {{cvt|15|kgm|0}} of torque at 4,000 rpm.

The Hybrid version combines a 1.56 KWh battery with an electric motor making {{cvt|44|PS|hp kW|0}} between 1,800 and 2,500 rpm with {{cvt|17.3|kgm|0}} of torque between 0 and 1,800 rpm.

The Plug-in Hybrid version combines a 8.9 KWh battery with an electric motor making {{cvt|60.5|PS|hp kW|0}} between 1,800 and 2,500 rpm with {{cvt|17.3|kgm|0}} of torque between 0 and 1,800 rpm.

Both the Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid versions total combined system power is {{cvt|141|PS|hp kW|0}} at 5,700 rpm with {{cvt|27|kgm|0}} of torque at 4,000 rpm.

;Applications

Kappa II LPi

For use in LPG applications.

={{anchor|B3LA}} 1.0 L Biofuel (B3LA)=

The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} three-cylinder. The engine makes {{cvt|78|-|82|PS|hp kW|0}} at 6,200 rpm and {{cvt|9.6|kgm|0}} of torque at 3,500 rpm.

;Applications

={{anchor|L3LA}} 1.0 L LPG (L3LA)=

The {{cvt|998|cc|L|1}} three-cylinder. The engine makes {{cvt|74|PS|hp kW|0}} at 6,200 rpm and {{cvt|9.6|kgm|0}} of torque at 3,500 rpm.

;Applications

Development

Developed at a cost of $421 million over a period of 48 months, the Kappa project was aimed at increasing fuel economy while ensuring compliance to stringent EURO-4 emission regulations. The newest versions of Kappa engine family comply with Euro-6DTemp regulations.

Design

The engine block is made from high pressure die-cast aluminum which results in considerable weight savings - the entire engine with a manual gearbox only weighs {{cvt|82.4|kg|lb}}. The main block features a ladder frame construction for structural stiffness while its cylinders are fitted with cast-iron liners for improved abrasion durability. Additional weight was shaved off by integrating the engine support bracket with the timing chain cover. The shape of the piston skirt was optimized to reduce its size while the compression height of the piston was also reduced, resulting in weight savings. The optimized piston skirt is also treated with molybdenum disulfide. A highly sophisticated process of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is used to apply an ultra-thin layer of Chromium nitride to the piston’s oil ring. Chromium Nitride-coated piston rings using PVD is an innovative technology borrowed from the Hyundai Tau engine introduced earlier. Friction between the oil ring and cylinder wall has been further minimized by reducing the oil ring tension. The Kappa engine is the first Hyundai engine to be fitted with an accessory drive belt which does not require a mechanical auto-tensioning adjustment device, reducing the hardware and further lowering weight and cost. Because it is designed to maintain an ideal tension setting, the belt runs quieter and with proper preventative maintenance and care, the belt will last {{cvt|100000|mi|km}}. For ignition, the Kappa engine uses a new, longer reach spark plug which enabled engineers to enlarge the size of the water jacket to promote more efficient engine cooling around the critically important spark plug and exhaust port area. The long reach spark plug (M12 thread) also enabled engineers to enlarge the valve diameter for increased airflow and combustion efficiency. A lightweight, heat-resistant engineering plastic was used for the intake manifold. The fuel delivery pipe assembly is a returnless type (to eliminate evaporative fuel emissions) and is made of SUS (steel use stainless) with a specially designed inner structure for the reduction of pulsation noise.

Valvetrain

The valvetrain features a number of innovations: friction reducing roller swing arm, hydraulic lash adjusters which ensure proper clearances between the valve stem and roller swing arm, which significantly reduce valve tapping noise. The valve springs feature a beehive shape and smaller retainer. The reduced weight and spring load further help lower friction and improve fuel economy. The valvetrain is driven by a silent-type, maintenance free steel timing chain that replaces a roller-type timing chain: The optimized design greatly reduces impact forces and noise when the gear tooth and chain engage.

Offset crank

Unlike a conventional engine where the centerline of the cylinder bore is in perfect vertical alignment with the rotating axis of the crankshaft, the Kappa’s centerline is offset by a small distance. This offset minimizes the lateral force created by the rotating piston & rod assembly (known, and audible, as "piston slap" at its extreme). The net effect is an improvement in fuel consumption and a reduction in noise, vibration and harshness - it should also help with engine longevity since reduced lateral force will equal reduced bore wear.

Engine management

Engine management is provided by two 16-bit 32 MHz microprocessors which control and monitor ignition timing, idle speed, knocking and emissions.

References

{{Reflist}}

See also

Kappa

Category:Straight-three engines

Category:Straight-four engines

Category:Gasoline engines by model