Indian Institutes of Technology#New IITs

File:NRSiits.jpg, who recommended the set up of Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), along the lines of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) USA (America)]]

File:IIT Kharagpur Old Building 1951.jpg.]]

File:Library reading hall.jpg]]

File:IITG.jpg, established in 1994]]

File:IIT Madras Research Park.jpg at Chennai]]

{{Main|History of Indian Institutes of Technology}}

In the late 1940s, a 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, recommended the establishment of these institutions in various parts of India, along the lines of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with affiliated secondary institutions.{{Cite web|url=http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/institute/history.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813213137/http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/institute/history.php|archive-date=2007-08-13|title=Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|date=2007-08-13|access-date=2019-09-07}}

The first Indian Institute of Technology was founded in May 1950 at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp in Kharagpur, West Bengal.{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/inaugurated-in-kharagpur-in-1951-the-first-indian-institute-of-technology-turns-66-today-328052.html|title=Inaugurated In Kharagpur In 1951, The First Indian Institute of Technology Turns 66 Today|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-12-18|language=en|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416213230/https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/inaugurated-in-kharagpur-in-1951-the-first-indian-institute-of-technology-turns-66-today-328052.html|url-status=live}} The name "Indian Institute of Technology" was adopted before the formal inauguration of the institute on 18 August 1951 by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/inaugurated-in-kharagpur-in-1951-the-first-indian-institute-of-technology-turns-66-today-328052.html|title=Inaugurated In Kharagpur In 1951, The First Indian Institute of Technology Turns 66 Today|date=2017-08-18|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416213230/https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/inaugurated-in-kharagpur-in-1951-the-first-indian-institute-of-technology-turns-66-today-328052.html|url-status=live}}

On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956, said:{{cite web | date = 14 May 2006 | url = http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in/institute/history.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708041546/http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in/institute/history.php | archive-date = 8 July 2006 | title = Institute History | access-date =14 May 2006 }}

{{cquote|Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India's future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolically of the changes coming to India.}}

On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). The location of these campuses was chosen to be scattered throughout India to prevent regional imbalance.See "more IIT" in references below. Under "Final selection", the third paragraph The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to reflect the addition of new IITs.{{cite web| date = 24 May 2005 | url = http://www.iitb.ac.in/legal/IITsAct.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120106041957/http://www.iitb.ac.in/legal/IITsAct.pdf | archive-date=6 Jan 2012 | title = The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961

| publisher = Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay | access-date =14 May 2006}}

In the tenth meeting of IIT Council in 1972, it was also proposed to convert the then IT-BHU into an IIT and a committee was appointed by IIT Council for the purpose but because of political reasons, the desired conversion could not be achieved then.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-01-17 |title=Minutes of the 10th Meeting of IIT council |url=https://www.iitsystem.ac.in/IITcouncil/minutes/Minutes-10-Meeting-of-IIT-Council.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=iitsystem.ac.in|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150117234832/https://www.iitsystem.ac.in/IITcouncil/minutes/Minutes-10-Meeting-of-IIT-Council.pdf|archive-date= 17 January 2015}} IT-BHU had been taking admissions through Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE) for undergraduate courses and Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) for postgraduate courses since 1972. Finally, in 2012 the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University was made a member of the IITs and renamed as IIT (BHU) Varanasi.

Student agitations in the state of Assam made Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a new IIT in Assam. This led to the establishment of a sixth institution at Guwahati under the Assam Accord in 1994.

In 2001, the University of Roorkee was converted into IIT Roorkee.

Over the past few years, there have been several developments toward establishing new IITs. On 1 October 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced plans to create more IITs "by upgrading existing academic institutions that have the necessary promise and potential".{{cite news | first = Yogesh K. | last = Upadhyaya | url = http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/mar/23iit.htm | title = The making of new IITs | work = Rediff.com | date = 23 March 2005 | access-date = 14 May 2006 | archive-date = 29 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429084425/https://www.rediff.com/money/2005/mar/23iit.htm | url-status = live }} Subsequent developments led to the formation of the S K Joshi Committee, in November 2003, to guide the selection of the five institutions which would be converted into IITs. Based on the initial recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, it was decided that new IITs should be spread throughout the country. When the government expressed its willingness to correct this regional imbalance, 16 states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi Committee prescribed strict guidelines for institutions aspiring to be IITs,{{cite news | first = Yogesh K | last = Upadhyaya | url = http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/aug/18guest.htm | title = The march of the new IITs | work = Rediff.com | date = 18 August 2005 | access-date = 14 May 2006 | archive-date = 29 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429103203/https://www.rediff.com/money/2005/aug/18guest.htm | url-status = live }} only seven colleges were selected for final consideration.{{cite news| first = Yogesh K| last = Upadhyaya| url = http://us.rediff.com/money/2005/may/25iit.htm| title = New IITs: A long journey ahead| work = Rediff.com| date = 25 May 2005| access-date = 14 May 2006| archive-date = 7 December 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191207155204/http://us.rediff.com/money/2005/may/25iit.htm| url-status = live}} Plans are also reported to open IITs outside India, although there has not been much progress in this regard.{{cite news|author=Times News Network |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1094211,prtpage-1.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502155333/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1094211%2Cprtpage-1.cms |archive-date=2 May 2007 |title=Desi IITs in pardes: conditions apply |work=The Economic Times |publisher=Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. |date=1 May 2005 |access-date=27 August 2006 }} Eventually in the 11th Five year plan, eight states were identified for establishment of new IITs.

From 2008 to 2009, eight new IITs were set up in Gandhinagar, Jodhpur, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Ropar, and Mandi.

In 2015 to 2016, six new IITs in Tirupati, Palakkad, Dharwad, Bhilai, Goa, and Jammu, approved through a 2016 bill amendment, were founded, along with the conversion of Indian School of Mines Dhanbad into IIT, Dhanbad.

The entire allocation by the central government for the 2017–18 budget for all Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) was slightly over {{INRConvert|70|b}}. However, the aggregate money spent by Indian students for tertiary education in the United States was about six times more than what the central government spends on all IITs.{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/@tamilneet-economy/economy/article/indian-students-spend-usd-654-billion-in-us-near-three-times-more-than-fdi-flow-from-north-america/127565|title=Indian students spend USD 6.54 billion in US, near three times more than FDI flow from North America {{!}} Business News|website=www.youtube.com/@tamilneet|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-04}}

In June 2023, education officials of India and Tanzania announced that the first foreign IIT campus would be established on the Tanzanian autonomous territory of Zanzibar, as a satellite campus of IIT Madras. The campus is scheduled to begin offering classes in October 2023.{{cite news |last1=Iftikhar |first1=Fareeha |title=First IIT campus outside India to come up in Tanzania's Zanzibar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-signs-agreement-with-tanzania-to-set-up-first-iit-campus-abroad-101688624260560.html |access-date=7 July 2023 |agency=Hindustan Times |date=6 July 2023}}

File:IIT-Organisational-structure.svg

The President of India is the ex officio Visitor,{{cite web|url= http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/visitor.html|title= Visitor of the Institute|access-date=7 January 2007|date= 18 November 2005|publisher= IIT Kharagpur|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922000123/http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/visitor.html |archive-date = 22 September 2007}} and has residual powers. Directly under the President is the IIT Council, comprising minister-in-charge of technical education in the Union Government, the Chairmen of all IITs, the Directors of all IITs, the Chairman of the University Grants Commission, the Director General of CSIR, the Chairman of IISc, the Director of IISc, three members of Parliament, the Joint Council Secretary of Ministry of Education, and three appointees each of the Union Government, AICTE, and the Visitor.{{cite web|url= http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/council.html|title= IIT-Council|access-date=7 January 2007|date= 18 November 2005|publisher= IIT Kharagpur|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070921225014/http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/council.html |archive-date = 21 September 2007}}

Under the IIT Council is the Board of Governors of each IIT. Under the Board of Governors is the Director, who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT.{{cite web|url= http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/stru1.html|title= Organisational Structure|access-date=7 January 2007|date= 18 November 2005|publisher= IIT Kharagpur|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070922000243/http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/stru1.html |archive-date = 22 September 2007}} Under the Director, in the organisational structure, comes the Deputy Director. Under the Director and the deputy director, come the Deans, Heads of Departments, Registrar, President of the Students' Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. The Registrar is the chief administrative officer of the IIT and overviews the day-to-day operations. Below the Heads of Department (HOD) are the faculty members (Professors, Associate Professors, and Assistant Professors). The Wardens come under the Chairman of the Hall Management Committee.{{cite web |date=3 March 2006 |url=http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/stru1.html |title=Organizational Structure |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur |access-date=14 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922000243/http://iitkgp.ac.in/rti/stru1.html |archive-date=22 September 2007}}

{{Main|Institutes of Technology Act}}

The Institute of Technology Act (parliamentary legislation) gives legal status, including degree-granting powers, to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs). It was notified in the gazette as Act Number 59 of 1961 on 20 December 1961 and came into effect on 1 April 1962. The Act also declares these institutes as Institutes of National Importance.{{Cite web |date=19 December 1961 |title=The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 |url=https://www.india.gov.in/institutes-technology-amendment-act-2012 |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=Government of India}}

File:IITCampusPano.JPG ]]

File:Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.jpg ]]

{{See also|Education in India}}

The IITs receive comparatively higher grants than other engineering colleges in India.{{cite web | date = 10 February 2004 | url = http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102004/369.pdf | title = Performance based funding of IITs | page = 3 | publisher = IISc | access-date = 14 May 2006 | archive-date = 13 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181113032608/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102004/369.pdf | url-status = live}} While the total government funding to most other engineering colleges is around {{INR}} 100–200 million (${{To USD|100|IND|year=2002|round=yes}}–{{To USD|200|IND|year=2002|round=yes}} million) per year, the amount varies between {{INR}} 900–1300 million (${{To USD|900|IND|year=2002|round=yes}}–{{To USD|1300|IND|year=2002|round=yes}} million) per year for each IIT. Other sources of funds include student fees and research funding from industry and contributions from the alumni. The faculty-to-student ratio in the IITs is between 1:6 and 1:8.{{cite web|url=http://www.littleindia.com/january2003/Dream%20Team.htm |title=What makes the IITs so chic |access-date=27 August 2006 |last=Rajguru |first=Suvarna |date=30 December 2005 |publisher=LittleINDIA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903055838/http://littleindia.com/january2003/Dream%20Team.htm |archive-date=3 September 2006 }} The Standing Committee of IIT Council (SCIC) prescribes the lower limit for faculty-to-student ratio as 1:9, applied department wise. The IITs subsidize undergraduate student fees by approximately 80% and provide scholarships to all Master of Technology students and Research Scholars (PhD) to encourage students for higher studies, per the recommendations of the Thacker Committee (1959–1961).{{cite web|url= http://www.cags.ca/conference/2005/pdf/2005_Natarajan_R.pdf|title= The Evolution of Postgraduate Engineering Education and Research in India|access-date=27 August 2006|last= Natarajan|first= R|work= CAGS 2005 Conference|publisher= Canadian Association for Graduate Studies|page= 12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060921144431/http://www.cags.ca/conference/2005/pdf/2005_Natarajan_R.pdf |archive-date = 21 September 2006}} The cost borne by undergraduate students is around {{INR|180000}} per year.{{cite web |url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/kakodkar-panel-suggests-steep-hike-in-tuition-fee-at-iits/790547/ |title=Kakodkar panel suggests steep hike in tuition fee at IITs |work=The Indian Express |date=14 May 2011 |access-date=31 May 2011}} Students from the OBC, ST, SC categories, female students as well as physically challenged students are also entitled to scholarships.{{Cite web |title=IIT fee more than doubled; total waiver for SC/ST, disabled, poor |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/iit-fee-more-than-doubled-total-waiver-for-sc/st-disabled-poor/articleshow/51726245.cms |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=The Economic Times |archive-date=13 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413105812/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/iit-fee-more-than-doubled-total-waiver-for-sc/st-disabled-poor/articleshow/51726245.cms |url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/iit-fee-more-than-doubled-total-waiver-for-sc/st-disabled-poor/articleshow/51726245.cms | title=IIT fee more than doubled; total waiver for SC/ST, disabled, poor | access-date=22 April 2024 | archive-date=13 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413105812/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/iit-fee-more-than-doubled-total-waiver-for-sc/st-disabled-poor/articleshow/51726245.cms | url-status=live }}

The various IITs function autonomously, and their special status as Institutes of National Importance facilitates the smooth running of IITs, virtually free from both regional as well as student politics. Such autonomy means that IITs can create their curricula and adapt rapidly to the changes in educational requirements, free from bureaucratic hurdles. The government has no direct control over internal policy decisions of IITs (like faculty recruitment and curricula) but has representation on the IIT Council. The medium of instruction in all IITs is English.{{cite web |url=https://www.iitm.ac.in/content/BTech-ordinances |title=B.Tech Ordinances |publisher=iitm.ac.in |access-date=7 April 2016 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010008/https://www.iitm.ac.in/content/btech-ordinances |url-status=live }} The electronic libraries allow students to access online journals and periodicals. The IITs and IISc, Bengaluru have taken an initiative along with Ministry of Education to provide free online videos of actual lectures of different disciplines under National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning. This initiative is undertaken to make quality education accessible to all students.{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/03/09/stories/2009030950040200.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125045328/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2009/03/09/stories/2009030950040200.htm | archive-date=25 January 2013 | title=NPTEL | access-date=14 December 2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | date=9 March 2009}}

The academic policies of each IIT are decided by its Senate. This comprises all professors of the IIT and student representatives. Unlike many Western universities that have an elected senate, the IITs have an academic senate. It controls and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations and results, and appoints committees to look into specific academic matters. The teaching, training and research activities of the institute are periodically reviewed by the senate to maintain educational standards.{{cite web|url= http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/Archive/dirnov3/cover_story.html|title= Engineering Education in a Flux|access-date= 27 August 2006|last= Prabhu|first= S.S.|date= September–November 2000|work= Report of the Review Committee|publisher= IIT Kanpur|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060904044208/http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/Archive/dirnov3/cover_story.html|archive-date= 4 September 2006}} The Director of an IIT is the ex-officio Chairman of the Senate.

All the IITs follow the credits system of performance evaluation, with proportional weighting of courses based on their importance. The total marks (usually out of 100) form the basis of grades, with a grade value (out of 10) assigned to a range of marks. Sometimes, relative grading is done considering the overall performance of the whole class. For each semester, the students are graded on a scale of 0 to 10 based on their performance, by taking a weighted average of the grade points from all the courses, with their respective credit points. Each semester evaluation is done independently and then the weighted average over all semesters is used to calculate the cumulative Grade Point Average (known as CGPA or CPI—Cumulative Performance Index).

The Bachelor of Technology (BTech) degree is the most common undergraduate degree in the IITs in terms of student enrollment,{{citation needed|date=September 2011}} although Bachelor of Science (BS) degree, dual degrees integrating Master of Science or Master of Arts are also offered. The BTech course is based on a 4-year program with eight semesters,{{cite web|url=http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |title=Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance No.3) |access-date=7 January 2007 |work=Ordinances |publisher=IIT Madras |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622005229/http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |archive-date=22 June 2007 }} while the Dual Degree and Integrated courses are 5-year programs with ten semesters. In all IITs, the first year of BTech and Dual Degree courses are marked by a common course structure for all the students, though in some IITs, a single department introduction-related course is also included.{{cite web|url=http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |title=Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.4.2:Class Committee) |access-date=7 January 2007 |work=Ordinances |publisher=IIT Madras |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622005229/http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |archive-date=22 June 2007 }} The common courses include the basics from most of the departments like Computers, Electronics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Electrical and Physics. At the end of the first year (the end of the first semester at IIT Madras, IIT Hyderabad, IIT Bhilai, IIT Palakkad, and IIT Roorkee), an option to change departments is given to meritorious students based on their performance in the first two semesters.{{cite web|title= Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.5.0:Change of Branch)|access-date= 7 January 2007|work= Ordinances|publisher= IIT Madras|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070622005229/http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html|archive-date= 22 June 2007|url= http://www.urdupost.net/category/urdu-tutorials|df= dmy-all}} Few such changes ultimately take place as the criteria for them are usually strict, limited to the most meritorious students.

From the second year onward, the students study subjects exclusively from their respective departments.{{cite web|url=http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |title=Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.2.0 (ii)) |access-date=7 January 2007 |work=Ordinances |publisher=IIT Madras |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622005229/http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |archive-date=22 June 2007 }} In addition to these, the students have to take compulsory advanced courses from other departments to broaden their education. Separate compulsory courses from humanities and social sciences departments, and sometimes management courses are also enforced.{{cite web|url=http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |title=Structure of B. Tech Programme (Ordinance under R.2.0 (iii)) |access-date=7 January 2007 |work=Ordinances |publisher=IIT Madras |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622005229/http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |archive-date=22 June 2007 }} In the last year of their studies, most of the students are placed into industries and organisations via the placement process of the respective IIT, though some students opt out of this either when going for higher studies or when they take up jobs by applying to the companies directly.{{cite web | url = http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech | title = BTech Ordinances | work = Senate Ordinances | publisher = IIT Madras | access-date =26 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060517063550/http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#BTech |archive-date = 17 May 2006}}

The IITs offer several postgraduate programs including Master of Technology (MTech), Master of Business Administration (MBA), and Master of Science (MSc). Some IITs offer specialised graduate programmes such as Master of Design (M.Des.), the Post Graduate Diploma in Information Technology (PGDIT), Masters in Medical Science and Technology (MMST), Masters in City Planning (MCP), Master of Arts (MA), Postgraduate Diploma in intellectual property Law (PGDIPL), and the Postgraduate Diploma in Maritime Operation & Management (PGDMOM).

Some of the IITs offer an M.S. (by research) program; the MTech and M.S. are similar to the US universities' non-thesis (course-based) and thesis (research-based) masters programs respectively. Admissions to master's programs in engineering are made using scores of the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), while those to master's programs in science are made using scores of the Joint Admission Test for M.Sc. (JAM).

Several IITs have schools of management offering master's degrees in management or business administration.

In April 2015, IIT Bombay launched the first U.S.-India joint EMBA program alongside Washington University in St. Louis.{{Cite web|url=https://global.wustl.edu/first-u-s-india-joint-emba-program-begins/|title=First U.S.-India joint EMBA program begins|date=2015-04-23|website=Global|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125105908/https://global.wustl.edu/first-u-s-india-joint-emba-program-begins/|url-status=dead}}

The IITs also offer an unconventional BTech and MTech integrated educational program called "Dual Degree". It integrates undergraduate and postgraduate studies in selected areas of specialisation. It is completed in five years[http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#DUAL Ordinance under Ordinance No. 3] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517063550/http://www.iitm.ac.in/Academics/Ordinances.html#DUAL |date=17 May 2006 }} as against six years in conventional BTech (four years) followed by an MTech (two years).{{cite web|url= http://www.cags.ca/conference/2005/pdf/2005_Natarajan_R.pdf|title= The Evolution of Postgraduate Engineering Education and Research in India|access-date=27 August 2006|last= Natarajan|first= R|work= CAGS 2005 Conference|publisher= Canadian Association for Graduate Studies|page= 6|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060921144431/http://www.cags.ca/conference/2005/pdf/2005_Natarajan_R.pdf |archive-date = 21 September 2006}} Integrated Master of Science programs are also offered at few IITs which integrates the Undergraduate and Postgraduate studies in Science streams in a single degree program against the conventional university system. These programs were started to allow its graduates to complete postgraduate studies from IIT rather than having to go to another institute.

The IITs also offer the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) as part of their doctoral education programme. In it, the candidates are given a topic of academic interest by the ins or have to work on a consultancy project given by the industries. The duration of the program is usually unspecified and depends on the specific discipline. PhD candidates have to submit a dissertation as well as provide an oral defence for their thesis. Teaching Assistantships (TA) and Research Assistantships (RA) are often provided.

The IITs, along with NITs and IISc, account for nearly 80% of all engineering PhDs in India.{{cite web|url= http://www.cags.ca/conference/2005/pdf/2005_Natarajan_R.pdf|title= The Evolution of Postgraduate Engineering Education and Research in India|access-date=27 August 2005|last= Natarajan|first= R|work= CAGS 2005 Conference|publisher= Canadian Association for Graduate Studies|page= 25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060921144431/http://www.cags.ca/conference/2005/pdf/2005_Natarajan_R.pdf |archive-date = 21 September 2006}} IITs now allow admission in PhD programs without the mandatory GATE score.{{cite web|title=Getting Admission to PhD Seats in IITs gets simplified|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/getting-admission-to-phd-seats-in-iits-gets-simplified/|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-date=27 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927201154/http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/getting-admission-to-phd-seats-in-iits-gets-simplified/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Students-of-central-institutes-can-join-PhD-in-IITs-without-GATE/articleshow/22645492.cms|title=Students of central institutes can join PhD in IITs without GATE|work=The Times of India|date=17 September 2013|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-date=28 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128221350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Students-of-central-institutes-can-join-PhD-in-IITs-without-GATE/articleshow/22645492.cms|url-status=live}}

All the IITs provide on-campus residential facilities to the students, research scholars and faculty. The students live in hostels (sometimes referred to as halls) throughout their stay in the IIT. Students in all IITs must choose among National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and National Sports Organisation (NSO) in their first years.{{cite web|url=https://gymkhana.iitb.ac.in/~ugacademics/wiki/index.php/NSO/NCC/NSS|title=Different academic programmes at IIT|access-date=12 July 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031618/https://gymkhana.iitb.ac.in/~ugacademics/wiki/index.php/NSO/NCC/NSS|url-status=dead}} All the IITs have sports grounds for basketball, cricket, football (soccer), hockey, volleyball, lawn tennis, badminton, athletics and swimming pools for aquatic events. Usually, the hostels also have their own sports grounds.

Moreover, an Inter IIT Sports Meet is organised annually where participants from all 23 IITs contest for the General Championship Trophy in 13 different sports. Along with Inter IIT Cultural Meet and Tech Meet, all of them generally happening on various dates in the month of December every year.

File:IIT Kanpur 4.jpg during Diwali ]]

File:Rocknite.jpg at IIT Madras]]

{{further|List of cultural and technical festivals in IITs and NITs}}

All IITs organize annual technical festivals, typically lasting three or four days. The technical festivals are Shaastra (IIT Madras), Advitiya (IIT Ropar), Kshitij (IIT Kharagpur), Techfest (IIT Bombay), Technex (IIT-BHU Varanasi), Cognizance (IIT Roorkee), Concetto (IIT-ISM Dhanbad), Tirutsava (IIT Tirupati), Nvision (IIT Hyderabad), Meraz (IIT Bhilai), Amalthea, (IIT Gandhinagar), Techkriti (IIT Kanpur), Tryst (IIT Delhi), Techniche (IIT Guwahati), Wissenaire (IIT Bhubaneswar), Technunctus (IIT Jammu), Xpecto (IIT Mandi), Fluxus (IIT Indore), Celesta (IIT Patna) and IGNUS (IIT Jodhpur) Petrichor(IIT Palakkad). Most of them are organized in January or March. Techfest (IIT Bombay) is also one of the most popular and largest technical festivals in Asia in terms of participants and prize money involved. It has been granted patronage from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) for providing a platform for students to showcase their talent in science and technology. Shaastra holds the distinction of being the first student-managed event in the world to implement a formal Quality Management System, earning ISO 9001:2000 certification.{{cite web | date = 8 May 2005 | url = http://www.iitm.ac.in/attachments/Directors-report.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060515151948/http://www.iitm.ac.in/attachments/Directors-report.pdf | archive-date = 15 May 2006| title = Director's Report | page = 36 | publisher = IIT Madras | access-date =26 May 2006}} Kshitij, which is branded as a techno-management festival due to its emphasis on both technology and management, is the largest of these festivals by sponsorship money.

Annual cultural festivals are also organized by the IITs and last three to four days. These include Thomso (IIT Roorkee), Kashiyatra (IIT BHU Varanasi), Alcheringa (IIT Guwahati), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Saarang and [https://www.instagram.com/paradox_iitmadras/ Paradox] (annual fests of IIT Madras BTech and BS Degree respectively), Spring Fest (IIT Kharagpur, also known as SF), Rendezvous (IIT Delhi), Meraz (IIT Bhilai), Tirutsava (IIT Tirupati), Srijan, (earlier known as Saturnalia, IIT Dhanbad), Tarang (culfest) (previously Rave), Anwesha (IIT Patna), SPANDAN (IIT Jodhpur), Renao (IIT Jammu), Petrichor (IIT Palakkad), Blithchron (IIT Gandhinagar), ELAN (IIT Hyderabad), Alma Fiesta (IIT Bhubaneswar), Mood Indigo (IIT Bombay, also known as Mood-I), Antaragni (IIT Kanpur) and Zeitgeist (IIT Ropar).

IITs have generally ranked above all other engineering colleges in India for Engineering. According to Outlook India{{'s}} Top Engineering Colleges of 2017, the top four engineering colleges within India were IITs.{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/top-100-engineering-colleges-in-2017/298916|title=Top 100 Engineering Colleges in 2017|date=6 July 2017|publisher=Outlook India|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429104304/https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/top-100-engineering-colleges-in-2017/298916|url-status=live}} In 2019 QS World University Ranking, IIT Bombay ranked highest at 162, followed by IIT Delhi (172), IIT Madras (264), IIT Kanpur (283), IIT Kharagpur (295), IIT Roorkee (381) and IIT Guwahati (472).{{Cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/|title=Top Universities|website=Top Universities|language=en|access-date=2019-01-06|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621140551/https://www.topuniversities.com/|url-status=live}} In the 2022 NIRF rankings published by Ministry of Education, India, IIT Madras has been ranked 1st for seven consecutive years in the Engineering Category and for four consecutive years in the Overall Category.{{Cite web |date=2022-07-15 |title=IIT Madras emerges as the Undisputed Leader in Higher Education in India |url=https://www.iitm.ac.in/happenings/press-releases-and-coverages/iit-madras-emerges-undisputed-leader-higher-education-india |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=IIT-Madras (Press and News)}}

IITs practice affirmative action and offer reservation to the "backward and weaker sections" of the society that includes SC/ST/OBC-NCL/EWS/PWD/Girl candidates. About 50% of seats are reserved for candidates holding backward-caste certificates, and 10% seats are further reserved for candidates from general (unreserved) category who fulfill the economically weaker section criteria. Furthermore, students from reserved categories pay significantly lower fees compared to students from the unreserved category.

Despite the implementation of reservation policies, provision of economic assistance, and enforcement of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, IITs have faced allegations of caste-based discrimination. Instances of suicides among students from reserved categories are often cited to illustrate this ongoing issue.{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/how-caste-discrimination-plagues-iits-news-311553|title=How Caste Discrimination Plagues IITs|date=18 August 2023 }}

{{Cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/the-noose/religious-and-caste-exclusivity-at-premier-institutions-continue-to-other-minority-students-8958|title= Religious and Caste Discrimination|newspaper= The Times of India|archive-date= 14 November 2023|access-date= 10 September 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231114025116/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/the-noose/religious-and-caste-exclusivity-at-premier-institutions-continue-to-other-minority-students-8958/|url-status= live}}{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/caste-discrimination-survey-in-iit-delhi-commenced-and-withdrawn/article67281936.ece | title=Caste discrimination survey in IIT-Delhi commenced and withdrawn | newspaper=The Hindu | date=7 September 2023 | last1=Lakshman | first1=Abhinay }}{{cite web | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/03/28/stress-dropouts-suicides-unravelling-iits-casteism-problem | title=Stress, dropouts, suicides: Unravelling IIT's casteism problem | date=28 March 2023 }}{{cite web | url=https://thewire.in/caste/two-dalit-students-suicides-in-two-months-highlight-institutionalised-discrimination-at-iits#:~:text=Discrimination%27%20at%20IITs-,Two%20Dalit%20Students%27%20Suicides%20in%20Two,Highlight%20%27Institutionalised%20Discrimination%27%20at%20IITs&text=Students%20and%20alumni%20say%20that,express%20anti%2Dreservation%20sentiments%20openly | title=Two Dalit Students' Suicides in Two Months Highlight 'Institutionalised Discrimination' at IITs | access-date=18 December 2023 | archive-date=5 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205075655/https://thewire.in/caste/two-dalit-students-suicides-in-two-months-highlight-institutionalised-discrimination-at-iits#:~:text=Discrimination%27%20at%20IITs-,Two%20Dalit%20Students%27%20Suicides%20in%20Two,Highlight%20%27Institutionalised%20Discrimination%27%20at%20IITs&text=Students%20and%20alumni%20say%20that,express%20anti%2Dreservation%20sentiments%20openly | url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/the-iits-have-a-long-history-of-systematically-othering-dalit-students/193284/ | title=The IITs have a long history of systematically othering Dalit students | date=17 February 2019 }} However, it's important to note that the suicide rates appear to be consistent among students from both reserved and non-reserved categories.{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/33-iit-students-died-by-suicide-in-last-five-years-govt-in-parliament-8499516|title=33 IIT students died by suicide in last 5 years: Govt|access-date=7 May 2024|archive-date=25 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125052314/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/33-iit-students-died-by-suicide-in-last-five-years-govt-in-parliament-8499516/|url-status=live}}

The IITs have faced criticism from within and outside academia. Major concerns include allegations that they encourage brain drain and that their stringent entrance examinations encourage coaching colleges and put heavy pressure on the student's body. Recently some prominent IITians have also questioned the quality of teaching and research in IITs.{{cite news|url=http://www.indiaeducationreview.com/news/iit-iim-faculty-not-world-class-jairam-ramesh|title=IIT, IIM faculty not world-class: Jairam Ramesh|work=India Education Review|date=24 May 2011|access-date=12 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614002903/http://www.indiaeducationreview.com/news/iit-iim-faculty-not-world-class-jairam-ramesh|archive-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Poor-quality-of-students-entering-IITs-Narayana-Murthy/articleshow/10217469.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Poor quality of students entering IITs: Narayana Murthy | archive-date=27 October 2021 | access-date=12 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027102542/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Poor-quality-of-students-entering-IITs-Narayana-Murthy/articleshow/10217469.cms | url-status=live }}

With the tripling the number of IITs in recent decades, the newly created institutes have struggled to establish themselves compared to their peers. A 2021 report by Comptroller and Auditor General of India criticized the newer IITs for not meeting targets for research, faculty and student recruitment, students retention, as well as for being beset with infrastructure delays.{{cite report |title=Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on the Performance Audit of Setting up of new Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) |id=Report 20 |date=2021 |url=https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2021/Report%20No.%2020%20of%202021_IITs_English_PDF%20A-061c2ed6ce12811.66323547.pdf |access-date=6 February 2022 |publisher=Ministry of Education |language=en |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123180456/https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2021/Report%20No.%2020%20of%202021_IITs_English_PDF%20A-061c2ed6ce12811.66323547.pdf |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |title=India's tech innovation engines must raise their game |journal=Nature |date=26 January 2022 |volume=601 |issue=7894 |pages=483–484 |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00154-y |pmid=35082427 |bibcode=2022Natur.601..483. |s2cid=246297398 |language=en|doi-access=free }}

In the recent past, the number of student suicides has attracted significant attention.{{cite web| url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/9403-suicides-iits-not-due-academic-stress-alone| title=Suicides at IITS not due to academic stress alone| date=2017-05-13| access-date=14 December 2018| archive-date=16 April 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416224643/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/9403-suicides-iits-not-due-academic-stress-alone| url-status=live}}

Among the criticisms of the IIT system by the media and academia, a common notion is that it encourages brain drain. Until liberalisation started in the early 1990s, India experienced large scale emigration of IIT graduates to developed countries, especially to the United States. Since 1953, nearly twenty-five thousand IIT graduates have settled in the US.{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Thomas L.|author-link=Thomas Friedman|title=The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century|year=2006|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|location=US|isbn=0-374-29288-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldisflatbri00frie/page/104 104–105]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/worldisflatbri00frie/page/104}} Since the US benefited from subsidized education in IITs at the cost of Indian taxpayers' money, critics say that subsidising education in IITs is useless. Others support the emigration of graduates, arguing that the capital sent home by the IIT graduates has been a major source of the expansion of foreign exchange reserves for India, which, until the 1990s, had a substantial trade deficit.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} A 2023 study by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that among the top 1,000 JEE scorers, 36% migrated abroad, while for the top 100 scorers, the rate was 62%, primarily to the U.S. and for graduate school.{{cite journal |last1=Choudhury |first1=Prithwiraj |last2=Ganguli |first2=Ina |last3=Gaulé |first3=Patrick |title=Top Talent, Elite Colleges, and Migration: Evidence from the Indian Institutes of Technology |date=June 2023 |doi=10.3386/w31308 |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w31308 |url-access=subscription |access-date=10 June 2023 |website=National Bureau of Economic Research |series=Working Paper Series |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |language=en |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609152616/http://www.nber.org/papers/w31308 |url-status=live }}

This trend has been reversed somewhat (dubbed the reverse brain drain) as hundreds of IIT graduates, who have pursued further studies in the US, started returning to India in the 1990s. The extent of intellectual loss receded substantially over the 1990s and 2000s, with the percentage of students going abroad dropping from as high as 70% at one time to around 30% in 2005.{{cite news|agency = Indo-Asian News Service | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-998814451.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121026092518/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-998814451.html | archive-date = 26 October 2012 | title = Trend of brain drain on reverse to India | work=Hindustan Times | date = 7 March 2006 | access-date =17 March 2009}} This is largely attributed to the liberalization of the Indian economy and the opening of previously closed markets. Government initiatives are encouraging IIT students into entrepreneurship programs and are increasing foreign investment. Emerging scientific and manufacturing industries, and outsourcing of technical jobs from North America and Western Europe have created opportunities for aspiring graduates in India. Additionally, IIT alumni are giving back generously to their parent institutions.{{Cite web |date=2022-04-05 |title=How IITs are tapping into their robust alumni network for funding |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/education/story/how-iits-are-tapping-into-their-robust-alumni-network-for-funding-328664-2022-04-05 |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=Business Today |language=hi |archive-date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726091720/https://www.businesstoday.in/education/story/how-iits-are-tapping-into-their-robust-alumni-network-for-funding-328664-2022-04-05 |url-status=live }}

The highly competitive examination in the form of JEE-Advanced has led to the establishment of a large number of coaching institutes throughout the country that provide intensive, and specific preparation for the JEE-Advanced for substantial fees. It is argued that this favours students from specific regions and richer backgrounds. Some coaching institutes say that they have individually coached nearly 800 successful candidates year after year.{{cite web | url = http://www.brilliant-tutorials.com/courses/iit/iitjee05winnersnew.shtml | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070421124433/http://www.brilliant-tutorials.com/courses/iit/iitjee05winnersnew.shtml | archive-date=21 April 2007 | title = Successful students in IIT-JEE 2005| publisher = Brilliant Tutorials | access-date =14 May 2006

}} According to some estimates, nearly 95% of all students who clear the JEE-Advanced had joined coaching classes.{{cite news | first = V G | last = Idichandy | url = http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/oct/11inter.htm | title = Why the IIT-JEE pattern was changed | work = Rediff.com | date = 11 October 2005 | access-date = 14 May 2006 | archive-date = 29 April 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429104129/https://www.rediff.com/money/2005/oct/11inter.htm | url-status = live }} Indeed, this was the case regarding preparation for IIT entrance exams even decades ago. In a January 2010 lecture at the Indian Institute of Science, the 2009 Nobel laureate in Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan revealed that he failed to get a seat at any of the Indian engineering and medical colleges.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nobel-laureate-Venkat-Ramakrishnan-failed-IIT-medical-entrance-tests/articleshow/5414148.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811025813/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-05/india/28132308_1_entrance-tests-coaching-classes-iits|archive-date=11 August 2011|work=The Times of India|title=Nobel laureate Venkat Ramakrishnan failed IIT, medical entrance tests|url-status=live|access-date=12 June 2015}} He also said that his parents, being old-fashioned, did not believe in coaching classes to prepare for the IIT entrance exam and considered them to be "nonsense".

In a documentary aired by CBS, Vinod Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems states, "The IITs probably are the hardest schools in the world to get into, to the best of my knowledge".{{Cite web|url = http://www.cbsnews.com/news/imported-from-india/|title = Imported from India|website = CBS News|date = 19 June 2003|access-date = 24 June 2016|archive-date = 29 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429094924/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/imported-from-india/|url-status = live}} The documentary further concludes, "Put Harvard, MIT, and Princeton together, and you begin to get an idea of the status of IIT in India" to depict the competition as well as demand for the elite institutes.

Not all children are of a similar aptitude level and may be skilled in different paradigms and fields. This has led to criticism of the way the examinations are conducted and the way a student is forced in the Indian community. The IIT-JEE (Now JEE-Advanced) format was restructured in 2006 following these complaints.{{cite web| url = http://news.education4india.com/902/change-in-iit-jee-pattern-from-academic-year-2006/| title = Change in IIT-JEE pattern from academic year 2006| publisher = Education4India.com| access-date = 14 May 2006 | archive-date = 21 February 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060221021144/http://news.education4india.com/902/change-in-iit-jee-pattern-from-academic-year-2006/| url-status = live}}

After the change to the objective pattern of questioning, even the students who initially considered themselves not fit for subjective pattern of IIT-JEE decided to take the examination. Though the restructuring was meant to reduce the dependence of students on coaching classes, it led to an increase in students registering for coaching classes.{{cite news | author = Rukmini Shrinivasan & Hemali Chhapia | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-03-31/mumbai/27830928_1_iit-entry-lakh-students-joint-entrance-examination | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103193954/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-03-31/mumbai/27830928_1_iit-entry-lakh-students-joint-entrance-examination | archive-date = 3 November 2012| title = 3 lakh students to vie for IIT entry this year| date = 31 March 2006| work = The Times of India| access-date =14 May 2006}} Some people (mostly IIT graduates) have criticized the changed pattern of the JEE-Advanced . They reason that while JEE-Advanced is traditionally used to test students' understanding of fundamentals and their ability to apply them to solve tough unseen problems, the current pattern does not stress much on the application part and might lead to a reduced quality of students.{{cite news| author = Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-05-04/india/27846683_1_iit-jee-iit-entrance-test-union-hrd-ministry

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103194001/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-05-04/india/27846683_1_iit-jee-iit-entrance-test-union-hrd-ministry | archive-date = 3 November 2012| title = Crack the IIT code, it's too easy| date = 4 May 2005| work = The Times of India| access-date =30 May 2006}}

JEE-Advanced is conducted only in English and Hindi, making it harder for students with regional languages as their main language. In September 2011, the Gujarat High Court has acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, for conducting the exams in Gujarati.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/Sahitya-Parishad-demands-entrance-tests-in-Gujarati/articleshow/10059681.cms |title=Sahitya Parishad demands entrance tests in Gujarati |access-date=28 October 2011 |date=21 September 2011 |archive-date=23 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623155222/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/Sahitya-Parishad-demands-entrance-tests-in-Gujarati/articleshow/10059681.cms?referral=PM |work=The Times of India |url-status=live }} A second petition was made in October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Another-PIL-seeks-entrance-tests-in-Gujarati/articleshow/10434455.cms |title=Another PIL seeks entrance tests in Gujarati |access-date=28 October 2011 |date=21 October 2011 |archive-date=7 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107191535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-21/ahmedabad/30306229_1_entrance-tests-regional-language-gujarati-language |work=The Times of India }} Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition, it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages violates article 14 of the Constitution of India.{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/chennai/plea-write-iit-entrance-tamil-866 |title=Plea to write IIT entrance in Tamil |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110221016/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/chennai/plea-write-iit-entrance-tamil-866 |archive-date=10 January 2012 }} IIT council recommended major changes in entrance examination structure which is effective from 2017 onwards.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/committee-recommends-major-changes-in-iit-entrance-examination-1241216|title=Committee Recommends Major Changes in IIT Entrance Examination|website=NDTV.com}}

• Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs)
• Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs)
• National Institutes of Technology (NITs)
• National Institute of Design (NID)
• Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTIs)
• Institutes of National Importance (INIs)

{{Reflist|30em}}

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• {{cite book|last=Kirpal|first=Viney|author2=Gupta, Meenakshi|year=1999|title=Equality Through Reservations|publisher=Vedams|location=India|pages=|isbn=81-7033-526-4}}
• {{cite book|last=Deb|first=Sandipan|year=2004|title=The IITians|publisher=Penguin Books|location=India|pages=|isbn=0-670-04986-7}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.littleindia.com/january2003/Dream%20Team.htm|title=What makes the IITs so chic|access-date=27 August 2006|website=|last=Rajguru|first=Suvarna|date=30 December 2005|publisher=LittleINDIA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903055838/http://littleindia.com/january2003/Dream%20Team.htm|archive-date=3 September 2006}}
• {{cite news|first=Bill|last=Gates|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/speeches/2003/01-17iit.aspx|title=Bill Gates Speech Transcript – Indian Institute of Technology 50th Anniversary Celebration Keynote|work=|publisher=Microsoft corporation|date=17 January 2003|access-date=29 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409195157/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/speeches/2003/01-17iit.aspx|archive-date=9 April 2008}}
• {{cite book|last=Bhagat|first=Chetan|author-link=Chetan Bhagat|year=2004|title=Five Point Someone – What not to do at IIT|publisher=Rupa & Co.|location=India|pages=|isbn=81-291-0459-8|title-link=Five Point Someone - What not to do at IIT}}
• {{cite book|last=Agarwal|first=Rajeev|year=2013|title=What I Did Not Learn at IIT|publisher=Random House|location=India|pages=|isbn=978-8-184-00486-1}}
• {{cite book|last=Subbarao|first=E.C.|year=2008|title=An Eye for Excellence – 50 innovative years of IIT Kanpur|publisher=Harper Collins India|location=India|pages=|isbn=978-81-7223-769-1}}

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{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website|https://www.iitsystem.ac.in/}} IIT Council
• [https://www.iitsystem.ac.in/sites/default/files/static/Administration/Act/85a42340c.pdf The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961] (PDF)

{{Indian Institutes of Technology}}

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Category:Nehru administration