Infrastructure of Changi Airport

Given limited land resources in Singapore, Singapore Changi Airport was developed on reclaimed land on the eastern part of the island. As the country's primary international airport, it was designed for current needs and future expansion to double its passenger's handling. Land can further be reclaimed from the sea for more runways and terminal buildings.

The master plan initially involved a dual-terminal and dual-runway configuration over two phases with provisions for another two passenger terminals. Phase 1 included the construction of terminal 1, the first runway, 45 aircraft parking bays, support facilities and structures, including a large maintenance hangar, the first fire station, workshops and administrative offices, an airfreight complex, two cargo agents' buildings, in-flight catering kitchens and an {{cvt|80|m}} control tower. Phase II construction commenced immediately after the completion of Phase 1 and included the construction of terminal 2, the second runway, 23 additional aircraft parking bays, a second fire station, and a third cargo agents' building.

File:Singapore Changi Airport, Control Tower 2, Dec 05.JPG

The air traffic control tower (ATC) was constructed in Phase One, sited in between the first two runways and stands at about 81 m above mean sea level (AMSL). It provides aerodrome control service to aircraft landing, departing and maneuvering within the airport.{{Cite web |title=Singapore Changi Control Tower |url=http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Our_Strategic_Thrusts/Air_Navigation_Services/Our_Facilities/Changi_Control_Tower.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430223415/https://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Our_Strategic_Thrusts/Air_Navigation_Services/Our_Facilities/Changi_Control_Tower.html |archive-date=30 April 2017 |publisher=Civil Aviation Authority Singapore|location=Singapore}}

Changi Airport started off with a single {{cvt|4000|by|60|m|0}} runway (02/20). After Phase 2 was completed, it had two parallel runways of size {{cvt|4000|by|60|m|0}} each, designated 02L/20R and 02C/20C. 02L/20R was completed in 1981 with a displaced threshold of {{cvt|740|m|0}} leaving the rest of the runway at {{cvt|3260|m|0}} long. 02C/20C (formerly named 02R/20L) was built completely on reclaimed land and opened with phase 2, {{cvt|1.6|km}} to the east of 02L/20R. Four instrument landing systems (ILS) are installed on the two runways to guide landing aircraft safely under all weather conditions. Both runways are also used by the Republic of Singapore Air Force as part of Changi Airbase.

A new parallel runway 02R/20L (named 01/19 when it was opened in 2004) was built {{cvt|1.8|km}} to the east of 02C/20C. It was used only by Republic of Singapore Air Force as part of Changi Air Base. Originally at a length of 2.75 km, it has been lengthened to 4 km to handle larger commercial passenger aircraft. Almost 40 km of new taxiways were built to connect the runway with the main airport. New facilities such as navigation aids, airfield lighting systems and a fire station were included.{{Cite web |date=13 March 2013 |title=Budget 2013: Third runway for Changi Airport by 2020 |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/budget-2013-third-runway-changi-airport-2020-20130313 |access-date=13 March 2013 |website=The Straits Times |archive-date=15 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315034504/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/budget-2013-third-runway-changi-airport-2020-20130313 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=22 June 2018 |title=SINGAPORE CHANGI AIRPORT – UPDATED INFORMATION AND DATA FOR RUNWAY 02R/20L |url=https://www.caas.gov.sg/docs/default-source/pdf/20180622-esup-2018-031_singapore-changi-airport---revised-information-and-data-for-runway-02r_20l.pdf |website=AIP Singapore |publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824034203/https://www.caas.gov.sg/docs/default-source/pdf/20180622-esup-2018-031_singapore-changi-airport---revised-information-and-data-for-runway-02r_20l.pdf |url-status=live }}

File:Crowne Plaza Changi Airport, Singapore - 20120320.jpg]]

The Crowne Plaza Changi Airport hotel, designed by WOHA, is linked to Changi Airport Terminal 3, with Terminals 1 and 2 reachable by Skytrain located within the immediate vicinity of Changi Airport. It is nine storeys high and has 320 guest rooms. A 10-storey extension was completed in 2016, increasing the total number of rooms to 563.{{cite web |last1=Huang |first1=Clement |title=Crowne Plaza Changi Airport launches S$82 million extension |url=https://www.businesstraveller.com/accommodation/2016/08/03/crowne-plaza-changi-airport-celebrates-s82-million-extension/ |website=Business Traveller |date=3 August 2016 |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022065751/https://www.businesstraveller.com/accommodation/2016/08/03/crowne-plaza-changi-airport-celebrates-s82-million-extension/ |url-status=live }} In 2024, the hotel was named the world's best airport hotel by Skytrax for the ninth year running.{{cite web |date=16 Jul 2024 |title=Awards & Accolades |url=https://changiairport.crowneplaza.com/awards |website=Crowne Plaza Changi Airport |language=en |access-date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716083300/https://changiairport.crowneplaza.com/awards |url-status=live }}

File:Singapore Airlines A380-800(9V-SKD) (4693344489).jpg

File:Qantas and Singapore Airlines Airbus A380 at Changi Airport Prasertwit.jpg and Singapore Airlines A380s]]

With Changi-based Singapore Airlines being the launch customer for the Airbus A380, works to ensure full capability in handling the large aircraft were given priority in time for its introduction in October 2007. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore spent S$60 million in upgrading the two existing terminals and airport infrastructure, including enlarged gate hold rooms, new finger piers, and extended baggage belt carousels from the normal {{cvt|70|to|90|m}}. With these new carousels in place, the airport does not expect embarking and disembarking passengers and baggage from the A380 to take longer than it does from a Boeing 747-400, which carries fewer passengers. On 16 August 2005, Changi Airport unveiled the first of 11 specially built gates capable of handling the giant aircraft. Costing S$15 million, the gates or 'fingers' enable passengers to board the upper deck of the new 555-seater aircraft directly from the gate hold rooms. The hold rooms themselves have been enlarged and appointed to cater to the larger number of passengers aboard an A380. Beside the 11 new A380-capable gates at Terminals 1 and 2, eight more A380-capable gates were opened at Terminal 3 on 9 January 2008.{{Cite web |date=16 August 2005 |title=First Gate at Singapore Changi Airport is Ready for Airbus 380 |url=http://appserver1.caas.gov.sg/caasmediaweb2010/opencms/Journalist/Press_Releases/2005/news_0010.html?__locale=en&site=caas |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224191005/http://appserver1.caas.gov.sg/caasmediaweb2010/opencms/Journalist/Press_Releases/2005/news_0010.html?__locale=en&site=caas |archive-date=24 December 2012 |access-date=31 October 2012 |publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS)}}

{{main|Jewel Changi Airport}}

File:Jewel Changi Airport Rain Vortex 4.jpg

Announced in August 2013, Jewel is a new terminal structure that is intended as a mixed-use complex.{{Cite web |date=19 August 2013 |title=Changi Airport Group to develop iconic mixed-use complex |url=http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom.html#/pressreleases/changi-airport-group-and-capitamalls-asia-to-jointly-develop-project-jewel-at-changi-airport-943581 |access-date=19 August 2013 |publisher=Changi Airport Group |archive-date=27 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127105007/http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom.html#/pressreleases/changi-airport-group-and-capitamalls-asia-to-jointly-develop-project-jewel-at-changi-airport-943581 |url-status=live }} It is situated on a 3.5-hectare site where the Terminal 1 car park used to reside. Jewel is a joint venture between Changi Airport (51%) and CapitaMalls Asia (49%). Essentially, a new multi-storey underground car park of about 2,500 car park spaces replace the existing facilities, while an indoor garden (with a waterfall) is built above. The new building sits between the three existing terminal buildings, enabling passengers to transfer via the new complex, whilst being an attraction and shopping destination in itself. The design consists of a circular structure, reminiscent of a doughnut, with a large garden and located at the centre is the HSBC Rain Vortex. There is also a hotel of about 130 rooms as part of the project.

As part of the project, Terminal 1 is expanded to allow more space for the arrival hall, baggage claim areas and taxi bays. These enhancements increases T1's passenger handling capacity to 24 million passenger movements per annum by 2018.{{Cite web |date=5 December 2014 |title=Singapore Changi Airport breaks new ground with Jewel |url=http://www.jewelchangiairport.com/assets/doc/press-releases/singapore_changi_airport_breaks_new_ground_with_jewel.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207082628/http://www.jewelchangiairport.com/assets/doc/press-releases/singapore_changi_airport_breaks_new_ground_with_jewel.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2014 |website=Jewelchangaiairport.com}} It opened on 17 April 2019.{{Cite news |date=2019-03-06 |title=Jewel Changi Airport to open on April 17 |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/jewel-changi-airport-to-open-on-april-17 |url-status=live |access-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307153244/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/jewel-changi-airport-to-open-on-april-17 |archive-date=2019-03-07}}

Changi Airport currently has four terminals, T1, T2, T3, and T4, with a total passenger annual handling capacity of 90 million. Terminals 1, 2, and 3 are directly connected via a people mover system, with airside passengers being able to freely move between the terminals without going through immigration. Transport within and between these three terminals is also provided by people movers and the skytrain system, although it is also possible to walk between the terminals on foot for airside visitors.

A former Budget Terminal, capable of handling 7 million passengers per year, was purpose-built for low-cost carriers. It was physically separated from the main terminals towards the south, where connections were possible via a free shuttle bus service to and from Terminal 2. Demolition began in 2013 to make way for a new and bigger Terminal 4.{{Cite web |date=1 February 2013 |title=Demolition starts on Budget Terminal |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1251688/1/.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203235223/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1251688/1/.html |archive-date=3 February 2013 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}{{Cite web |date=1 February 2013 |title=Demolition work for Budget Terminal begins to make way for T4 |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/demolition-work-budget-terminal-begins-make-way-t4-20130201#2 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=7 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402201213/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/demolition-work-budget-terminal-begins-make-way-t4-20130201#2 |url-status=live }}

File:Singapore airport pool.jpg

Singapore Changi Airport's oldest terminal operated as the sole terminal from its very first commercial flight at the stroke of midnight on 1 July 1981 right up until the opening of Terminal 2 nine years later. The first flight, Singapore Airlines SQ101 touched down that day at 07:10:00 Singapore Time with 140 passengers from Kuala Lumpur. Configured in an H-shaped layout to maximise the number of aerobridges that could be built, it underwent two major upgrading works over its lifespan. Takenaka Corporation served as the primary contractor.{{Cite web |title=Changi International Airport Terminal 1 |url=https://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/projects/airport/a20806051981.html#:~:text=Changi%20International%20Airport%20Terrminal%201%20%7C%20TAKENAKA%20CORPORATION |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=www.takenaka.co.jp |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707085835/https://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/projects/airport/a20806051981.html#:~:text=Changi%20International%20Airport%20Terrminal%201%20%7C%20TAKENAKA%20CORPORATION |url-status=live }}

A major refurbishment was completed in 1995 at a cost of S$170 million and work to extend two finger piers to add 14 aerobridges at a cost of S$420 million that took place from 1996 to 1999. Today, the terminal spans an area of 308,000 m² and can accommodate a maximum passenger capacity of 21 million passengers a year.

On 7 March 2012, Minister of State for Transport Josephine Teo said that the open-air car park between Terminal 1 and Changi's iconic control tower will be redeveloped into a multi-use complex. This new complex will be integrated with the existing building, and will increase Terminal 1's public areas, pick-up driveways, and car park spaces. With this expansion, Terminal 1's handling capacity will increase from 21 to 24 million passengers per annum. The expansion of Terminal 1 will go together with Terminal 4.{{Cite web |date=7 March 2012 |title=Steering committee set up to chart Changi Airport's future development |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1187569/1/.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115114144/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1187569/1/.html |archive-date=15 November 2012 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}

As of 12 July 2012, a S$500 million facelift for Terminal 1 has been completed,{{Cite web |title=Changi Airport Terminal 1 completes S$500m facelift |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1213118/1/.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714032841/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1213118/1/.html |archive-date=14 July 2012 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}} completing the terminal's largest renovation to date, involving works on its facade and halls under a theme called "Tropical City".{{Cite web |date=14 February 2008 |title=Takenaka Corp wins contract to upgrade Changi Airport's Terminal 1 |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/328805/1/.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228202400/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/328805/1/.html |archive-date=28 December 2011 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}} About 22,000 m² have been added to the building, bringing the total floor space of T1 to about 308,000 m².{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2012-07-13 |title=Drab no more: Changi Terminal 1 completes $500M renovation |url=https://sbr.com.sg/aviation/news/drab-no-more-changi-terminal-1-completes-500m-renovation |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Singapore Business Review |language=en |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516144821/https://sbr.com.sg/aviation/news/drab-no-more-changi-terminal-1-completes-500m-renovation |url-status=live }} The larger floor area provides for more spatial comfort, better passenger flow, additional facilities and expanded retail and F&B offerings. The refurbishment includes the installation of a two-part kinetic sculpture, Kinetic Rain, which was billed as the largest kinetic sculpture in the world.{{Cite news |last=Shetty |first=Deepika |date=5 July 2012 |title=It's raining metal at Changi |work=Jakarta Post |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/05/its-raining-metal-changi.html |url-status=dead |access-date=6 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707223430/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/05/its-raining-metal-changi.html |archive-date=7 July 2012}}

As of September 2019, another S$323 million upgrade of Terminal 1 was completed,{{Cite web |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=2018-11-11 |title=Changi Airport's $323 million T1 upgrade 85% complete {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-323m-t1-upgrade-85-complete |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922085224/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-323m-t1-upgrade-85-complete |url-status=live }} comes mainly from the addition of more self-service check-in kiosks as well as bag-drop machines that allow travellers to print their own luggage tags. In addition, the baggage claim floor area was almost doubled in size and T1's baggage handling system were fully automated, in line with the rest of the airport's terminals.{{Cite web |title=Shifting new gears to serve passengers better |url=https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/changijourneys/the-changi-experience/shifting-new-gears-to-serve-pax-better.html |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=www.changiairport.com |language=en |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706010434/https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/changijourneys/the-changi-experience/shifting-new-gears-to-serve-pax-better.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Karamjit |date=2018-11-11 |title=Changi Airport's $323 million T1 upgrade 85% complete {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-323m-t1-upgrade-85-complete |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922085224/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-323m-t1-upgrade-85-complete |url-status=live }}

The Southwest Finger of Level 3 of Terminal 1 has the head office of Jetstar Asia Airways and Scoot.{{Cite web |title=List of Singapore Air Operator Certificate Holders |url=http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Our_Strategic_Thrusts/Safety_Oversight_x_Promotion/Singapore_Air_Operators.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831064259/http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Our_Strategic_Thrusts/Safety_Oversight_x_Promotion/Singapore_Air_Operators.html |archive-date=31 August 2012 |url-status=live |website=Caas.gov.sg}}

File:Changi Airport, Terminal 2, Departure Hall.JPG

Terminal 2 opened on 22 November 1990 as part of Phase II in the original airport masterplan.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} The official opening was attended by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong on 1 June 1991.{{Cite web |title=SPEECH BY THE PRIME MINISTER, MR GOH CHOK TONG, AT THE OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE SINGAPORE CHANGI AIRPORT TERMINAL 2, ON SATURDAY, 1 JUNE 1991 AT 11.00 AM |url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/gct19910601.pdf}} Deploying a linear configuration parallel to the runways, it is located adjacent to Terminal 1 towards the south, and heralded the opening of the original skytrain system linking the two terminals via the landside. All Singapore Airlines and SilkAir flights moved to the new terminal when it opened, along with several Southeast Asian carriers including Malaysia Airlines, Philippine Airlines and Royal Brunei Airlines. They were joined by several airlines, some of which are allied to Singapore Airlines, in particular Lufthansa, both fellow Star Alliance members. Air France was a former user before moving back to Terminal 1. Other former users include Air Canada and Austrian Airlines, which ceased operations to Changi in October 2006. Etihad Airways was the latest airline to operate from Terminal 2 when it commenced flights in September 2007. All Nippon Airways moved to Terminal 2 from 1 October 2008.{{Cite web |title=Travel Information: Singapore |url=https://www.ana.co.jp/eng/guides/airports/int/sin/sin_e_hd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104062741/https://www.ana.co.jp/eng/guides/airports/int/sin/sin_e_hd.html |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=8 November 2011 |publisher=Ana.co.jp}} Airlines operating at Budget Terminal, including Tigerair, and Cebu Pacific, moved to Terminal 2 as the Budget Terminal closed for site redevelopment. Singapore Airlines' flights departing for Nepal, Maldives, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Japan (with the exception of SQ 12 to Tokyo (Narita) as it continues on to Los Angeles) and Southeast Asia depart from this terminal.{{Cite web |date=5 January 2024 |title=Singapore Airlines moving Japan and South Korea flights to Changi Terminal 2 |url=https://mainlymiles.com/2024/01/05/singapore-airlines-moving-japan-and-south-korea-flights-to-changi-t2/ |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Mainly Miles |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531195425/https://mainlymiles.com/2024/01/05/singapore-airlines-moving-japan-and-south-korea-flights-to-changi-t2/ |url-status=live }}

The fourth storey of the terminal houses the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore."[http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Contact_us.html?__locale=en Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195643/http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Contact_us.html?__locale=en |date=23 September 2015 }}." Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. Retrieved 12 February 2011. "Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore 60 Airport Boulevard 4th Storey, Terminal 2 Singapore Changi Airport Singapore 819643" In addition Terminal 2 houses the offices of the Air Accident Investigation Bureau of Singapore and Changi Airport Group."[http://app.mot.gov.sg/Air_Transport/Air_Accident_Investigation_Bureau_%28AAIB%29/Contact_AAIB.aspx Contact AAIB] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717072828/http://app.mot.gov.sg/Air_Transport/Air_Accident_Investigation_Bureau_(AAIB)/Contact_AAIB.aspx |date=17 July 2012 }}." Air Accident Investigation Bureau of Singapore. Retrieved 4 October 2010. "AAIB Office: Singapore Changi Airport Passenger Terminal Building 2, #048–058 Republic of Singapore"{{Cite web |title=Map to Changi Airport Group Reception Counter |url=http://www.changiairportgroup.com/export/sites/caas/img/map_high.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414095442/http://www.changiairportgroup.com/export/sites/caas/img/map_high.jpg |archive-date=14 April 2016 |publisher=Changi Airport Group}}

On 15 July 2013, the Airport unveiled its latest themed garden that has a display of colours and interactive technology – a first for Changi Airport, which has pioneered the concept of airport gardens since its opening in 1981. The new 'Enchanted Garden' – Changi Airport's fifth themed garden – takes pride in the spot where the Fern Garden once stood. It is open, free of charge, to passengers round-the-clock. Motion sensors trigger sounds of nature and blooming flowers while fibre-optic and LED lighting, embedded in the flooring, form a fascinating carpet of sparkling lights. There is also a pond containing Archerfish and Koi.{{Cite web |title=Enchanted Garden to delight Changi Airport passengers |url=http://www.changiairport.com/our-business/media#/pressrelease/view/brand-new-blooms-to-delight-changi-airport-passengers-887010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308214530/http://www.changiairport.com/our-business/media#/pressrelease/view/brand-new-blooms-to-delight-changi-airport-passengers-887010 |archive-date=8 March 2015 |access-date=15 July 2013 |publisher=Changi Airport}}

On 16 January 2020, upgrading works were announced for Terminal 2. They will include more nature-inspired design (which replaces the Orchid Garden), 15,500 sq m more space, two more baggage belts, more automated immigration counters and automated machines, along with a fully automated early baggage storage system. A new duplex food and beverage area will be set up at the north end of the terminal that leads to Jewel Changi Airport, along with a new food cluster at the south end. New lounge areas will be set up in the arrival hall. The works will be completed by 2024, resulting in increased handling capacity of five million passengers a year, being 90 million in total. Two iconic flight information display flip boards (known as Solari boards) will be retired. The McDonalds and Starbucks outlet were shut on 31 January and April respectively.{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Kai Yi |title=Changi Airport's Terminal 2 to get extensive makeover with more space, nature-inspired design |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-terminal-2-to-get-extensive-makeover-with-more-space-nature |website=The Straits Times |access-date=7 April 2020 |date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406163226/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-terminal-2-to-get-extensive-makeover-with-more-space-nature |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Abdullah |first1=Zhaki |title=Iconic analogue flight information boards at Changi Airport to be taken down amid Terminal 2 upgrading |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/analogue-solari-flight-information-boards-changi-airport-removed-784936 |website=CNA |access-date=21 May 2022 |date=16 January 2020 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521124153/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/analogue-solari-flight-information-boards-changi-airport-removed-784936 |url-status=dead }}

On 6 April 2020, it was announced in Parliament that Terminal 2 will be suspended from 7 April 2020, due to the temporary collapse of air passenger demand resulting from border closures and additional travel requirements caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Ting Wei |date=6 April 2020 |title=Parliament: Changi Airport T2 operations to be suspended for 18 months amid coronavirus outbreak |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407044150/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak |url-status=live }} The suspension of Terminal 2 also enabled the Changi Airport Terminal 2 expansion and upgrading works to be accelerated.{{Cite web |title=Terminal 2 Operations Suspension {{!}} Singapore Changi Airport |url=https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom/suspension-of-T2-operations.html#?tid=relocation |access-date=2020-05-01 |website=www.changiairport.com |language=en |archive-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422134035/https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom/suspension-of-T2-operations.html#?tid=relocation |url-status=live }}

On 29 May 2022, after a two-year hiatus, Terminal 2 began to reopen in stages progressively. Initially, in the first phase of the reopening, key touchpoints such as arrival immigration, baggage claim belts, and contact gates at the southern wing of the terminal were ready for flight operations, to cater mainly towards the peak-hour arrival flights of airlines that operate within Terminal 3. A small number of boarding gates at Terminal 2 were used by departure flights that originate from Terminal 3; the passengers on these flights were still required to check in and clear departure immigration at Terminal 3 before boarding.{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Amanda |date=2022-05-22 |title=Changi Airport Terminal 2 to reopen in phases from May 29 {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airport-terminal-2-to-reopen-in-phases-from-may-29 |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=The Straits Times |language=en}}

On 1 November 2023, Terminal 2 reopened after three and a half years of extensive upgrade work. The upgrading and expansion works were completed months ahead of schedule. The upgraded terminal added more than 21,000 square meters and it was equipped with more automation. The upgrades also expanded dining, retail, and recreational options for airport users or visitors. The expansion and upgrades enable Terminal 2 to handle increasing passenger loads in the projected future as passenger volumes are expected to fully recover to pre-COVID levels in 2024.{{cite news |date=2023-01-11 |title=Changi Airport's Terminal 2 fully reopens with lush greenery and digital waterfall display |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-2-t2-reopen-full-capacity-3886781 |access-date=2023-01-11 |location=Singapore|publisher=Mediacorp|language=en}}{{cite news |date=2022-06-10 |title=Terminal 4 to reopen in September as Changi Airport readies for pre-pandemic passenger capacity by late 2022 |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/terminal-4-reopens-sept-changi-fast-rebound-passengers-1922236 |access-date=2022-06-11 |last=Choo |first=Daryl |newspaper=Today |location=Singapore |publisher=Mediacorp |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610104724/http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/terminal-4-reopens-sept-changi-fast-rebound-passengers-1922236 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Yong |first=Clement |date=2022-06-10 |title=Changi Airport T4 to reopen in September, half of T2 to be operational by October |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changis-t4-to-open-in-september-half-of-t2-to-be-operational-by-october |access-date=2022-06-11 |newspaper=The Straits Times |location=Singapore |publisher=SPH Media Trust |language=en |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611123335/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changis-t4-to-open-in-september-half-of-t2-to-be-operational-by-october |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Yeoh |first=Grace |date=2022-06-10 |title=Changi Airport's Terminal 4 to reopen in September this year |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-4-reopen-september-2022-travel-covid-19-2739131 |access-date=2022-06-11 |work=CNA |location=Singapore |publisher=Mediacorp |language=en |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611083457/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-4-reopen-september-2022-travel-covid-19-2739131 |url-status=live }} A section of the iconic analogue flip board showing departures has been displayed at the National Museum of Singapore as part of a transport history exhibition.{{Cite web |title=Iconic analogue flip board from Changi Airport Terminal 2 to be displayed at National Museum of S'pore |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/04/flip-board-changi-t2-national-museum/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=mothership.sg |language=en |archive-date=13 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713152402/https://mothership.sg/2023/04/flip-board-changi-t2-national-museum/ |url-status=live }}

File:Changi Airport, Budget Terminal.JPG

Changi Airport was the second in Asia (after Kuala Lumpur International Airport) to open a dedicated terminal catering to the budget traveller. The name of the Budget Terminal was decided as a result of a naming contest open to the public. However, the terminal is not included in the numbering scheme, even though it is the third passenger terminal to be opened when it opened on 26 March 2006; and Terminal 3 is actually the fourth terminal to be opened at the airport.

To offer lower landing fees, handling fees and airport taxes, it cuts back on amenities such as aerobridges, elaborate physical structures and decorations in the passenger terminal building. There is no transfer facility at the Budget Terminal.

In September 2008, expansion works costing $10 million began and took seven months to complete. The terminal was then able to handle seven million passengers a year, up from originally 2.7 million. There are more boarding gates, check-in counters, shops, and dining options. In addition, air-conditioning has been installed for arriving passengers.

On 2 March 2012, it was announced that the Budget Terminal would be closed on 25 September 2012 and demolished to make way for Terminal 4. All airlines previously operating from the Budget Terminal moved to Terminal 2, after the last flight departed Budget Terminal at 2 am on 25 September.

JetQuay CIP Terminal, is a privately run terminal, located in between T2 and the VIP terminal. JetQuay provides private check-in, baggage handling, and immigration clearance services. It is the second luxury airport terminal in the world to open after the Lufthansa First Class Terminal in Frankfurt Airport. However, unlike the Lufthansa First Class Terminal, JetQuay is an elite, dedicated CIP (Commercially Important People) terminal that can be used by any passenger travelling in any class, on any airline, through any terminal (T1, T2, T3, or T4).{{Cite web |title=JetQuay |url=https://www.jetquay.com.sg/who_we_are.php |access-date=2020-05-31 |website=www.jetquay.com.sg |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307075403/https://www.jetquay.com.sg/who_we_are.php |url-status=dead }}

File:SINT3.JPG

File:Changi Airport Terminal 3 butterfly garden.JPG

File:T3TransitArea.JPG

Terminal 3, the airport's fourth passenger terminal, became operational on 9 January 2008,{{Cite web |title=Singapore Changi Terminal 3 Opens |date=9 January 2008 |url=http://www.dfnionline.com/article/Changi-T3-opens-for-business-1851956.html |access-date=8 November 2011 |publisher=Dfnionline.com |archive-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003052401/http://www.dfnionline.com/article/Changi-T3-opens-for-business-1851956.html |url-status=live }} increasing the airport's annual passenger capacity by 22 million. The test flight out of Terminal 3 was a Singapore Airlines flight from Singapore to Perth. The flight departed T3 at 5:30 pm local time, landing in Perth International Airport at approximately 11:30 pm.{{Citation needed|date=December 2014}} The terminal has 28 aerobridge gates, with eight capable of handling the Airbus A380.

The interior architecture of Terminal 3 won the Honour Award from ASLA in 2009.{{Cite web |date=12 May 2009 |title=Changi Airport Terminal 3 Interior Landscape, Singapore |url=http://www.asla.org/2009awards/043.html |publisher=American Society of Landscape Architects |access-date=7 March 2015 |archive-date=1 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401143950/https://www.asla.org/2009awards/043.html |url-status=live }}

Singapore Airlines operated the first flights into Terminal 3 on 9 January 2008, with flight SQ001 from San Francisco via Hong Kong arriving at 1150 hours to a welcome ceremony by Minister for Transport and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs, Lim Siang Keat Raymond and the chairman of CAG, Liew Mun Leong. The first departure flight, SQ318, took off at 1250 hours bound for London-Heathrow.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

Since then, its regional flights to East Asia and India and long–haul flights bound for Australasia, Middle East, North America, South Africa and Western Europe will depart from T3 while other regional flights to Bangladesh, Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka depart from T2, becoming the first and only airline to operate from multiple terminals in Changi Airport. Singapore Airlines flights may arrive at Terminals 1, 2 or 3. However, all Singapore Airlines flights to Maldives, Nepal, Japan (with the exception of SQ 12 to Tokyo (Narita) as it continues on to Los Angeles) and South Korea depart from Terminal 2, as of 2024.

China Eastern Airlines, Jet Airways, Qatar Airways (moved back to Terminal 1 on 28 October 2018) and United Airlines also moved operations to the terminal on 1 January 2008,{{Cite news |date=25 October 2007 |title=Four airlines to join SIA at new Terminal 3 when it opens on Jan 9 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/307749/1/.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228202421/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/307749/1/.html |archive-date=28 December 2011}}{{Cite web |title=China Eastern Airlines, Jet Airways, Qatar Airways and United Airlines Ready for Take-Off at Changi Airport Terminal 3 |url=http://www.changiairportgroup.com/export/sites/caas/assets/media_release_2008/2008_PDF/25_Mar_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053926/http://www.changiairportgroup.com/export/sites/caas/assets/media_release_2008/2008_PDF/25_Mar_2008.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Changi Airport Group}} while Kingfisher Airlines launched services to Singapore using T3 in 2009. Garuda Indonesia, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Vietnam Airlines (moved to Terminal 4 on 7 November 2017) and Sri Lankan Airlines have also moved operations to T3 in 2011.{{Cite web |date=26 January 2011 |title=detikNews : Garuda Pindah ke Terminal 3 Bandara Changi Singapura |url=http://us.detiknews.com/read/2011/02/09/160205/1567886/10/garuda-pindah-ke-terminal-3-bandara-changi-singapura?9911032 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425160802/http://us.detiknews.com/read/2011/02/09/160205/1567886/10/garuda-pindah-ke-terminal-3-bandara-changi-singapura?9911032 |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=8 November 2011 |publisher=Us.detiknews.com}} In 2013, Asiana Airlines and Lion Air have also moved operations to T3.{{Cite web |title=Four airlines to move to new terminals at Changi Airport |url=http://www.changiairport.com/our-business/media#/pressreleases/four-airlines-to-move-to-new-terminals-at-changi-airport-907785 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308214530/http://www.changiairport.com/our-business/media#/pressreleases/four-airlines-to-move-to-new-terminals-at-changi-airport-907785 |archive-date=8 March 2015 |access-date=2 December 2013 |publisher=changiairport.com}} Ethiopian Airlines and Spring Airlines used to operate from Terminal 3. On 2 July 2015, China Airlines and EVA Air shifted its operations to T3.

United Airlines moved its operations from Terminal 3 to Terminal 2 on 24 May 2016, followed by Vietnam Airlines to Terminal 4 on 7 November 2017 and Qatar Airways to Terminal 1 on 28 October 2018. Vistara commenced regular service to Singapore using Terminal 3 on 6 August 2019 as part of its partnership with Singapore Airlines.

During the COVID-19 pandemic Singapore Airlines consolidated all of its flights to Terminal 3 from 1 May 2020 until 2023 citing low travel demand and accelerating Terminal 2 renovations.{{Cite web |last=hermesauto |date=2020-04-06 |title=Parliament: Changi Airport T2 operations to be suspended for 18 months amid coronavirus outbreak |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak |access-date=2020-04-06 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407044150/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak |url-status=live }}

On 31 May 2022, Singapore Airlines fully reopened its SilverKris and KrisFlyer Gold lounges at Changi Airport Terminal 3, after a $50 million upgrading project that began in 2019. The upgraded lounges (The Private Room, the First Class section of the SilverKris Lounge, the Business Class section of the SilverKris Lounge, and the KrisFlyer Gold Lounge) collectively accommodate around 1,150 customers - a 30 per cent increase from previous capacities. The lounges occupy a total area of 6,100 sq m, being slightly smaller than the size of a football pitch. The lounges feature dedicated rooms for passengers to nap, more charging ports, and more seats, among other improvements such as bars and a range of food options, including local food such as laksa, chwee kueh and dim sum.{{Cite web |last=Werner |first=Laurie |date=2022-05-31 |title=$36.5 Million Later, Singapore Airlines' Reimagined Lounges Open At Changi Airport |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lauriewerner/2022/05/31/365-million-later-singapore-airlines-reimagined-lounges-open-at-changi-airport/ |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Forbes |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Toh |first=Ting Wei |date=2022-05-30 |title=SIA to reopen Changi Airport lounges after completion of $50m upgrade {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/sia-to-fully-reopen-lounges-at-changi-airport-after-completion-of-50mil-upgrade |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Singapore Airlines unveils new lounges at Changi |url=https://asianaviation.com/singapore-airlines-unveils-new-lounges-at-changi/ |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Asian Aviation |language=en-GB |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531043721/https://asianaviation.com/singapore-airlines-unveils-new-lounges-at-changi/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Platt |first=Craig |date=2022-06-02 |title=World's best airport's luxurious new lounges unveiled after $50 million upgrade |url=https://www.traveller.com.au/singapore-airlines-lounges-reopen-at-changi-airport-after-50-million-upgrade-h246iz |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Business Traveller |language=en-au |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602200844/https://www.traveller.com.au/singapore-airlines-lounges-reopen-at-changi-airport-after-50-million-upgrade-h246iz |url-status=live }}

File:Changi Airport T4 Departure Hall interior (230820).jpg

File:Changi Terminal 4 Arrival Hall.jpg

Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 4 is the fifth passenger terminal at Singapore Changi Airport and opened on 31 October 2017. It sits on the former Singapore Changi Airport Budget Terminal and cost S$985 million and took about two years to construct. The terminal building was designed and executed primarily by Takenaka Corporation, which has constructed and renovated many buildings at Changi Airport.{{Cite news |date=27 December 2013 |title=Takenaka wins contract for Changi's T4 |work=TODAYonline|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/takenaka-wins-contract-changis-t4 |access-date=14 March 2020}} It has won numerous awards including a special one from Prix Versailles Architectural Award for South Asia.{{Cite web |title=Terminal 4 Breaks New Ground for Changi|url=https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/resources/publication/issue-24/terminal-4-breaks-new-ground-for-Changi.html |access-date=2020-04-15 |website=Changi Airport Group|archive-date=28 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228094726/http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/resources/publication/issue-24/terminal-4-breaks-new-ground-for-Changi.html |url-status=dead }}

The construction of the new Terminal 4 commenced in early 2014 and was completed on 16 December 2016.{{cite news |date=16 December 2016 |title=Construction of Changi Airport T4 completed, opening slated for second half of 2017 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/construction-of-changi-airport-t4-completed-opening-slated-for-second-half-of-2017 |access-date=2 March 2017 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015030403/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/construction-of-changi-airport-t4-completed-opening-slated-for-second-half-of-2017 |url-status=live }} It officially opened on 31 October 2017. Under a new concept of "Fast And Seamless Travel at Changi" (FAST@Changi), it will see options such as self-service check-in; and automated bag drop, immigration clearance, and boarding being rolled out extensively in the new building. Terminal 4 is a two-storey, 25-metre-high building with a gross floor area of 225,000 square metres.{{cite journal |title=Changi Airport's Terminal 4 Complete |journal=Airliner World |issue=October 2017 |page=15}} 17 stands are available for narrow-body aircraft, four stands for wide-body aircraft. A bridge across Airport Boulevard was constructed to enable buses and other airside vehicles to move from T4 to the aircraft stands. A new dedicated 68-metre-high ramp control tower was also built to "enhance air traffic controllers' management of aircraft movements in the apron and taxiways around the terminal". It is connected to the other terminals by complimentary shuttle bus services.{{Cite news |title=Construction of Changi Airport T4 completed |language=en |work=Channel NewsAsia |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/construction-of-changi-airport-t4-completed/3372048.html |access-date=7 March 2017 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220145041/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/construction-of-changi-airport-t4-completed/3372048.html |url-status=dead }}

Local cultural and heritage items are used to decorate the terminal's interior. The retail space at the 'Heritage Zone' will feature traditional Peranakan shop front facades. Changi Airport Group (CAG) has given out all its 80+ concession contracts to various retail and food and beverage outlets including but not limited to Charles & Keith, Coach & Furla, Gassan Watches, Michael Kors, London Fat Duck, Old Street Bak Kut Teh and Sushi Goshin by Akashi.{{Cite news |date=6 May 2017 |title=Changi Airport Terminal 4: Singapore's Next Shopping & Dining Haven? |work=SgInstaBabes |url=http://sginstababes.com/changi-airport-terminal-4 |access-date=6 May 2017 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718151435/http://sginstababes.com/changi-airport-terminal-4 |url-status=dead }} The Petalclouds are another key feature in Terminal 4 involving 6 separate features hanging from the room and with 16 moving parts.{{Cite web |title=Maintaining the Petalcloud's Charm|url=https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/resources/publication/issue-24/maintaining-the-petalclouds-charm.html |access-date=2020-04-15 |website=Changi Airport Group|archive-date=28 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228183027/http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/resources/publication/issue-24/maintaining-the-petalclouds-charm.html |url-status=dead }}

Concurrent with the development of Terminal 4, major airfield works were undertaken to increase the number of aircraft parking stands to support the needs of all airlines operating at Changi. A 38-hectare land plot south of Terminal 3, housing the airport nursery as well as a reservoir, was converted into an aircraft parking area to house 17 narrow-body and nine wide-body aircraft stands. An overhead vehicular bridge across Airport Boulevard was also constructed to enable buses and other airside vehicles to move from T4 to these aircraft stands.

There are a total of 21 contact gates and 8 bus gates in Terminal 4, numbered Gates G1 to G21 and Gates H1 to H8. Gates G1 to G17 can only be used by single-aisle aircraft such as the Airbus A320 & Boeing 737, while Gates G18 to G21 can be used by both single-aisle & wide-bodied aircraft. Single-aisle aircraft can also utilise the Multiple Aircraft Receiving Stands (MARS) at Gates G18 to G21, which are designated as Gates G18L to G21R. Bus Gates H1 to H8 are located on the ground floor in an annex next to the Heritage Zone and serve planes that are parked at remote stands.{{Cite web |date=15 September 2016 |title=Changi splits gates to dock more planes |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-splits-gates-to-dock-more-planes |access-date=4 October 2020 |website=The Straits Times}}{{Cite web |title=Changi Airport's Terminal 4 To Set New Benchmarks |url=https://www.caas.gov.sg/docs/default-source/publication/222s-terminal-4-to-set-new-benchmarks-_-bridging-skies).pdf |access-date=4 October 2020 |website=CAAS |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119094945/https://www.caas.gov.sg/docs/default-source/publication/222s-terminal-4-to-set-new-benchmarks-_-bridging-skies).pdf |url-status=live }}

Cathay Pacific and Korean Air were the first two airlines to move to T4 on 31 October 2017. They were followed by Cebu Pacific and Spring Airlines on 2 November 2017, together with the AirAsia Group and Vietnam Airlines on 7 November 2017.{{Cite web |date=6 September 2017 |title=Changi Airport's new Terminal 4 scheduled to commence operations on 31 October 2017 |url=http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom.html#/pressreleases/changi-airports-new-terminal-4-scheduled-to-commence-operations-on-31-october-2017-2134600 |access-date=7 September 2017 |website=Chang Airport |archive-date=27 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127105007/http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom.html#/pressreleases/changi-airports-new-terminal-4-scheduled-to-commence-operations-on-31-october-2017-2134600 |url-status=live }} On 6 March 2018, VietJet Air moved its operations from T3 to T4.{{Cite web |title=Terminal 4 Operational Update |url=http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom.html#/pressreleases/terminal-4-operational-update-2408562 |access-date=8 February 2018 |website=Changi Airport |archive-date=27 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127105007/http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom.html#/pressreleases/terminal-4-operational-update-2408562 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Changi Airport's T4 has handled more than 1.6m passengers since opening |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-t4-terminal-flights-passengers-9938922 |access-date=8 February 2018 |website=Channel NewsAsia |archive-date=8 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208052052/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-t4-terminal-flights-passengers-9938922 |url-status=dead }} In view of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Cathay Pacific temporarily shifted its operations back to Terminal 1.{{Cite web |title=Terminal change at Singapore Changi Airport |url=http://www.cathaypacific.com/cx/en_US/travel-information/travel-preparation/travel-advisories/terminal-change-sin.html |access-date=2020-04-15 |website=Cathay Pacific |language=en-US}} Vietnam Airlines is also scheduled to shift its operations from Terminal 4 back to Terminal 3 from 26 September 2023.{{Cite web |date=17 September 2023 |title=Changi Airport terminal shuffles for Vietnam Airlines and Etihad |url=https://mainlymiles.com/2023/09/17/changi-airport-terminal-shuffles-for-vietnam-airlines-and-etihad/ |access-date=17 September 2023 |website=Mainly Miles |archive-date=17 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917080638/https://mainlymiles.com/2023/09/17/changi-airport-terminal-shuffles-for-vietnam-airlines-and-etihad/ |url-status=live }}

New airlines to Changi Airport included JC International Airlines and Lanmei Airlines which began operations out of T4 from 25 January 2018 and 22 April 2018 respectively. Both airlines have since ceased their services to Singapore.{{Cite web |title=JC International Airlines and Lanmei Airlines suspend service to Singapore|url=https://blueswandaily.com/jc-international-airlines-and-lanmei-airlines-suspend-service-to-singapore/ |website=Blue Swan Daily|access-date=21 June 2019 |archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621125834/https://blueswandaily.com/jc-international-airlines-and-lanmei-airlines-suspend-service-to-singapore/ |url-status=dead }} GX Airlines and Juneyao Airlines commenced Singapore operations on 12 December 2018{{Cite web |title=GX AIRLINES LAUNCHES SCHEDULED FLIGHT FROM NANNING TO SINGAPORE ON 12 DECEMBER 2018 |date=6 November 2018 |url=http://airsoc.com/articles/view/id/5be0fd403d2d2ed0158b4567/gx-airlines-launches-scheduled-flight-from-nanning-to-singapore-on-12-december-2018 |website=Airsoc}} and 1 February 2019 respectively. On 15 May 2018, West Air moved its operations from T1 to T4.{{Cite web |title=Announcement on international business transfer of West Air from T1 to T4 of Singapore Changi Airport |url=http://www.westair.cn/portal/en/news/414.html |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=WeStair}} On 28 October 2018, Regent Airways moved its operations from T1 to T4. On 30 November 2018, Hainan Airlines resumed operations to Singapore.{{Cite web |date=5 December 2018 |title=Hainan Airlines returns to Singapore |url=https://www.anna.aero/2018/12/05/hainan-airlines-reconnects-with-singapore/ |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=anna.aero |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227214612/https://www.anna.aero/2018/12/05/hainan-airlines-reconnects-with-singapore/ |url-status=live }}

Operations at Terminal 4 were suspended from 16 May 2020 to September 2022, due to the collapse in air passenger demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.{{Cite web |title=Changi Airport Terminal 4 to suspend operations amid COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-changi-airport-terminal-4-suspend-operations-12723918 |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=CNA |archive-date=17 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517065634/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-changi-airport-terminal-4-suspend-operations-12723918 |url-status=dead }}

File:(SGP-Singapore) Changi Airport Terminal 5 Construction 2024-02-09.jpg

A fifth terminal, Terminal 5, will be ready in the next decade as announced by the then Transport Minister, Lui Tuck Yew on 7 May 2013. Terminal 5 will be built on 1,080 hectares of reclaimed land in Changi East, making it one of the largest terminals in the world, scheduled for completion in the 2030s and costing around US$10bn.{{cite web |title=Changi East {{!}} Changi Airport Group |url=https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/our-expertise/changi-east.html |access-date=2020-03-24 |website=www.changiairport.com |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Terminal 5, Changi International Airport, Singapore |url=https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/terminal-5-changi-international-airport/ |access-date=2020-03-24 |website=Airport Technology |language=en-GB |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404090017/https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/terminal-5-changi-international-airport/ |url-status=live }} The terminal could handle a capacity of 50 million passengers annually in the first phase and another 20 million in the second phase.{{cite web |last=Hermes |date=2017-12-03 |title=Decades of groundwork for T5 to take flight {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/decades-of-groundwork-for-t5-to-take-flight |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222141/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/decades-of-groundwork-for-t5-to-take-flight |url-status=live }}

With the addition of the fifth terminal, Changi Airport will be able to cater to more than 153 million passengers every year. With the national carrier at Terminal 5, each alliance of airlines such as SkyTeam and Oneworld could also operate out of dedicated terminals. Terminal 5 is also expected to have more self-service facilities and bigger lounges. Terminal 5 will be linked to the other terminals at Changi Airport. This will allow the expanded Changi Airport to be operated as a single, integrated airport for ease of transfer between different terminals, maximum passenger convenience and airfield operational efficiency. For example, some 18 kilometres of tunnels will be built to allow airside connections for baggage, passengers and vehicles between terminals as well as the current four terminals.

In order to create a contiguous and integrated airfield, the former Changi Coast Road and the park connector beside it was replaced with a new at-grade road and park connector further east, along the eastern coastline, the present Tanah Merah Coast Road. The terminal will be connected by an extension to the Thomson–East Coast MRT line, which will also extend to the existing Changi Airport branch. Provisions will also be made on the Cross Island MRT line for a possible extension towards the airport.{{Cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=New MRT stations, line extensions and a possible new rail line: LTA's 2040 blueprint |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/new-mrt-stations-tel-extension-and-possible-new-rail-line-lta-2040-blueprint |access-date=26 May 2019 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525081451/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/new-mrt-stations-tel-extension-and-possible-new-rail-line-lta-2040-blueprint |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=25 January 2019 |title=First phase of Cross Island Line to open by 2029 with 12 stations |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cross-island-line-mrt-stations-first-phase-ready-by-2029-11164656 |access-date=26 May 2019 |archive-date=29 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929140451/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cross-island-line-mrt-stations-first-phase-ready-by-2029-11164656 |url-status=dead }} More details will be released after engineering studies are completed. The adequacy of bus services to the airport will also be reviewed. These plans will ensure that all airport users and staff are able to travel to the airport easily and conveniently.{{Cite web |title=Changi developments to open path to new opportunities |url=http://www.news.gov.sg/public/sgpc/en/media_releases/agencies/mot/press_release/P-20130830-2/AttachmentPar/0/file/C2036%20Media%20Release%20(media).pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327105139/http://www.news.gov.sg/public/sgpc/en/media_releases/agencies/mot/press_release/P-20130830-2/AttachmentPar/0/file/C2036%20Media%20Release%20(media).pdf |archive-date=27 March 2014}}

Part of the newly increased airport levy will be used to fund the terminal and other projects.{{Cite web |date=28 February 2018 |title=Changi Airport passengers to pay new levy to fund developments including T5 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-new-fee-t5-terminal-5-passengers-9999526 |access-date=24 March 2018 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729081458/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-new-fee-t5-terminal-5-passengers-9999526 |url-status=dead }}

On 5 March 2020, Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan suggested that Terminal 5 was among the projects that could be delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, although it was still "manageable".{{Cite web |last=hermesauto |date=2020-03-05 |title=Parliament: Changi T5, new MRT stations could be delayed if Covid-19 outbreak drags on, says Khaw |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/parliament-changi-t5-new-mrt-stations-could-be-delayed-if-covid-19-outbreak-drags-on-says |access-date=2020-03-24 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324091245/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/parliament-changi-t5-new-mrt-stations-could-be-delayed-if-covid-19-outbreak-drags-on-says |url-status=live }} On 16 June 2020, he added that the Changi Terminal 5 project was delayed by at least 2 years as a result of the pandemic and its impact on the aviation sector.{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=Coronavirus: Changi Airport T5 construction to be 'paused' for at least 2 years, says Khaw |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-changi-airport-t5-construction-to-be-paused-for-at-least-2-years |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125110519/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-changi-airport-t5-construction-to-be-paused-for-at-least-2-years |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=hermesauto |date=2020-06-16 |title=Coronavirus: Changi Airport T5 construction to be 'paused' for at least 2 years, says Khaw |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-changi-airport-t5-construction-to-be-paused-for-at-least-2-years |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125110519/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-changi-airport-t5-construction-to-be-paused-for-at-least-2-years |url-status=live }}

On 17 May 2022, at the Changi Aviation Summit, Transport Minister S Iswaran announced that Terminal 5 construction works were expected to commence in about 2–3 years. Mr Iswaran also said that Terminal 5 will be operational by the mid-2030s, to meet an anticipated doubling of volume by the 2040s.{{cite news |last1=Yeo |first1=Grace |date=17 May 2022 |title=Work on Changi Airport's Terminal 5 to resume after two-year hiatus: Iswaran |work=CNA |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-5-project-resume-aviation-summit-iswaran-2689116 |access-date=17 May 2022}} “We have taken the opportunity of the two-year hiatus to comprehensively review the T5 design to make it more modular and flexible, and enhance its resilience and sustainability. We will re-mobilise the design and engineering consultants progressively, to update and further refine the T5 design,” he said.

On 21 August 2022, then Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced the full resumption of the construction of Terminal 5, and that it was also redesigned to make it more resilient to future pandemics and more environmentally friendly. There will also be a Changi East Urban District built close to Terminal 5 as a business and lifestyle hub.{{cite web |last1=Mohan |first1=Matthew |title=NDR 2022: Changi Airport's Terminal 5 project redesigned to be pandemic-ready, more energy-efficient |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/changi-airport-t5-redesigned-pandemic-ready-ndr2022-pm-lee-2891301 |website=CNA |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=en |date=21 August 2022}}

On 6 September 2024, Prime Minister Lawrence Wong announced that construction of Terminal 5 will begin in the first half of 2025.{{cite news |last=Kok |first=Yufeng |title=Construction of Changi Airport Terminal 5 to start in first half of 2025: PM Wong |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/construction-of-changi-airport-terminal-5-to-start-in-first-half-of-2025-pm-wong |access-date=1 March 2025 |publisher=The Straits Times |date=6 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906150241/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/construction-of-changi-airport-terminal-5-to-start-in-first-half-of-2025-pm-wong |archive-date=6 September 2024 |url-status=live}} Later on 18 February 2025, during Budget 2025, Wong announced an additional S$5bn that will go to funding the expansion of Changi Airport, including the construction of Terminal 5.{{cite news |last=Chelvan |first=Vanessa Paige |title=Budget 2025: $5 billion added to fund for airport expansion projects, including Changi’s T5 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/budget-2025-5b-added-to-fund-for-airport-expansion-projects-including-changi-airport-t5 |access-date=1 March 2025 |publisher=The Straits Times |date=18 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218102020/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/budget-2025-5b-added-to-fund-for-airport-expansion-projects-including-changi-airport-t5 |archive-date=18 February 2025 |url-status=live}}

Changi Airport has continuously ranked highly in terms of customer service and security and has won over 500 awards and accolades as best airport since its opening in 1981, including from organisations such as Skytrax and Business Traveller.{{Cite web |title=Singapore Changi Airport named World's best Airport in 2010 |url=http://www.worldairportawards.com/Awards_2010/Airport2010.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805205722/http://worldairportawards.com/Awards_2010/Airport2010.htm |archive-date=5 August 2013 |access-date=8 November 2011 |publisher=Worldairportawards.com}}{{Cite web |title=2010 – Accolades Received by Changi Airport Group / Singapore Changi Airport |url=http://www.changiairport.com/our-business/about-changi-airport/awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929224353/http://www.changiairport.com/our-business/about-changi-airport/awards |archive-date=29 September 2010 |access-date=12 June 2011 |publisher=Changi Airport Group}}{{Cite web |date=31 January 2013 |title=A record 51 million passengers for Changi Airport in 2012 |url=http://www.changiairportgroup.com/export/sites/caas/assets/media_release_2013/Media_Release_-_A_record_51_million_passengers_for_Changi_Airport_in_2012_xwebx.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104032212/http://www.changiairportgroup.com/export/sites/caas/assets/media_release_2013/Media_Release_-_A_record_51_million_passengers_for_Changi_Airport_in_2012_xwebx.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Changi Airport Group}}

File:Indicator board at Changi Airport 1.jpg

File:Changi Airport, Terminal 2, Restricted Area 9.JPG

The airport has over {{cvt|70000|m2|sigfig=4}} of space spread between its three main terminals for shopping and eating outlets, with Terminal 3 having the largest amount of retail space at {{cvt|20000|m2|sigfig=4}}.{{Cite web |title=Straits Times |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Lifestyle/Taste/Story/STIStory_195597.html |access-date=8 November 2011 |website=Straits Times |location=Singapore}}

From two different lounges with 24-hour napping areas, showers and spa facilities, to hotel and pool amenities, this airport also includes Singapore Tours (created for those in transit for more than 5 hours who are granted a special pass to leave the airport on one of two city tour options{{Cite web |title=Free Singapore Tour |url=http://www.changiairport.com/at-changi/leisure-indulgences/free-singapore-tour |publisher=Changi Airport |access-date=7 March 2015 |archive-date=7 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307170012/http://www.changiairport.com/at-changi/leisure-indulgences/free-singapore-tour |url-status=dead }}), Nature Trail (with six themed garden reserves) and comprehensive dining and entertainment options.{{Cite web |title=Best Layover Airport List |date=28 April 2008 |url=http://asiaacer.wordpress.com/2008/04/28/best-layover-airport-list/ |access-date=8 May 2008 |publisher=AsiaAcer |archive-date=8 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208070914/http://asiaacer.wordpress.com/2008/04/28/best-layover-airport-list/ |url-status=live }}

In terms of sales, the airport outstrips other shopping malls in Singapore, including those in top tourist spots such as Orchard Road. The Changi Airport Group derives 55% of its total annual revenue from non-aeronautical sources,{{Cite web |date=31 May 2010 |title=S$1m cash prize awaits lucky shopper at Changi Airport |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/1060102/1/.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603144834/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/1060102/1/.html |archive-date=3 June 2010 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}} such as office and warehouse rental. The airport derives the majority of its commercial revenue from duty-free shopping, with the most popular items being liquor and tobacco, perfume and cosmetics, and luxury goods.

In addition to a wide array of shopping and dining outlets, Changi Airport has ten garden areas spread across all four terminals that are all located in the transit areas. Changi Airport also has a curated collection of artworks by local and international artists across the public areas of the airport's terminals.

Changi Airport has numerous business centres located around the airport. Within the international transit area of the interconnected Terminals 1,2 and 3,{{Cite web |title=Skytrain, Walking, Inter-Terminal - Singapore Changi Airport |url=http://www.changiairport.com/getting-around/getting-around-the-airport/inter-terminal-transfer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401061404/http://www.changiairport.com/getting-around/getting-around-the-airport/inter-terminal-transfer |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=3 March 2017 |website=Changiairport.com}} internet and games facilities, prayer rooms, showers, spas, gym, swimming pool and a hotel are provided. Various lounge areas are provided, some including children's play areas or televisions showing news, movie and sports channels. The Qantas Singapore Lounge draws on Qantas' flagship lounges in Sydney and Melbourne including a live cooking station and communal dining areas designed by Hurley Palmer Flatt.

Passengers at Changi Airport will soon be able to board their flights faster, with the introduction of self-boarding gates. The Changi Airport Group (CAG) has been conducting trials of the self-boarding gates at a common gate hold room in Terminal 2 since May with Lufthansa. The self-boarding gates are just one component of a fast and seamless travel (FAST) initiative which CAG will be rolling out across terminals at the airport. Since April 2014, the gates have been progressively introduced in common gate hold rooms in all three terminals.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

The ongoing trial of a number of self-service functions – check-in, bag tagging, and bag drop – will run for about three months until August 2014. It will enable CAG to assess improvements and adjustments needed for the hardware and software of the various systems.

Two self bag-drop units and four self-check-in kiosks have been fitted alongside the Jetstar check-in counters in Terminal 1. Passengers on selected Jetstar flights are invited to use these self-service options. At the self-check-in kiosk, passengers print their boarding pass as well as baggage tag after checking in. After tagging their baggage, they can drop it off at the self bag-drop counter. A receipt is provided for checked-in baggage. Instructional videos and signs are available to guide passengers, and on-ground staff is also present to provide assistance. Since the trial started in early May, about 1,000 passengers have used the FAST facilities.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

File:Singapore changi airport ground handling emirates.JPG Boeing 777-300 and Cathay Pacific Boeing 747-400 being serviced at Terminal 1]]

Ground handling services are handled by two companies: Singapore Airport Terminal Services (SATS) and Dnata. SATS is the dominant player with close to 70% of the market in the airport. Dnata Singapore, formerly Changi International Airport Services (CIAS), was formed in 1977 by the Port of Singapore Authority and five airlines (Air France, China Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. (KLM; Royal Dutch Airlines) and Lufthansa). It handles the remaining market share.

In the early 2000s, the government decided to introduce competition into the market by offering an additional licence. Swissair's Swissport won the 10-year licence and commenced operations on 2 March 2005.{{Cite web |date=2 March 2005 |title=Swissport handles its first flight in Singapore – four months earlier than planned |url=http://www.swissport.com/mediacenter/index_news.php?id=206&ref=archive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415005215/http://www.swissport.com/mediacenter/index_news.php?id=206&ref=archive |archive-date=15 April 2009 |access-date=20 January 2008 |website=News Releases |publisher=Swissport International |quote=2 March 2005 – Swissport commenced its operations at Singapore's Changi Airport today, becoming the airport's third ground handling provider; Swissport's new licence at Changi is valid for ten years and covers passenger, baggage and cargo handling services.}}

As Swissair folded and was subsequently taken over by Swiss International Air Lines, the latter became the company's first customer. Adam Air chose Swissport as its ground handler in 2005, while Tiger Airways followed suit in 2006. Other customers of Swissport include Swiss World Cargo, AirAsia, and Cardig Air. Former customers of Swissport include Australian Airlines. Swissport ceased operation on 31 March 2009 due to massive losses.

In 2009, a wholly owned subsidiary of SATS, Asia Pacific Star (APS) began operating.{{Cite web |title=SATS LAUNCHES LOW-COST GROUND HANDLING UNIT |url=https://www.sats.com.sg/Media/NewsContent/PR-10_Mar09.pdf |access-date=10 March 2009 |website=www.sats.com.sg |archive-date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115184450/https://www.sats.com.sg/Media/NewsContent/PR-10_Mar09.pdf |url-status=dead }} It concentrates mainly on budget carriers by providing point-to-point ground handling services such as passenger, ramp and baggage handling, and aircraft interior cleaning with short turnaround times. Some of the airlines APS handles include the AirAsia Group, Cebu Pacific and Spring Airlines.

CIAS was bought over and restructured by Dubai's Dnata in 2004, being relaunched in August 2011 with a new branding.{{Cite web |title=Our Brands |url=http://www.theemiratesgroup.com/english/our-brands/airport-aviation-handling/dnata-singapore.aspx |access-date=21 August 2013 |website=The Emirates Group}} Its security services were amalgamated into the new Temasek-owned Aetos Security Management.{{Cite web |date=31 March 2004 |title=Formation of AETOS Security Management Pte Ltd |url=http://www.temasek.com.sg/mediacentre/newsreleases?detailid=8530 |access-date=21 August 2013 |publisher=Temasek Holdings}}

Six aircraft hangars capable of full aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul are operated and managed by SIA Engineering Company at Changi Airfreight Centre, including Hangar 1, a {{cvt|20000|m2|sigfig=4}} column-free hangar which was the world's largest when opened in 1981. Another five aircraft hangars are operated by SASCO/ST Aerospace.{{Cite web |last=Muliani Tan |first=Bonny |year=2001 |title=Changi International Airport |url=http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_574_2004-12-23.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422135031/http://infopedia.nlb.gov.sg/articles/SIP_574_2004-12-23.html |archive-date=22 April 2007 |access-date=3 November 2006 |website=singaporeInfopedia |publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}

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Category:Changi Airport

Category:Airports established in 1981

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