Islamic honorifics#Applied to scholars and saints
{{short description|Laudatory religious phrases in Islam}}
{{Redirect|Peace be upon him|the Jewish honorific|Honorifics for the dead in Judaism#Peace be upon him/her}}
File:Album leaf with a calligraphic composition by Hafiz Osman (CBL T 447, f.2r).jpg which used the honorific Islamic suffix phrase {{lang|ar|«صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّم»}}, meaning 'May God send His mercy and blessings upon him', after referring to the Prophet Muhammad.]]
{{Fiqh |etiquette}}
Islamic honorifics are Arabic phrases, abbreviations, and titles that mostly appear as prefixes before or suffixes after the names of people who have had a special mission from God in the Islamic world or have done important work towards these missions.
{{cite web
|url = https://noghteheasrar.ir/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85/
|title = عبارات دعایی در اسلام
|trans-title = Prayer phrases in Islam
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
In Islamic writings, these honorific prefixes and suffixes come before and after the names of all the prophets and messengers (of whom there are 124,000 in Islam, the last of whom is the Prophet Muhammad),
{{cite web
|url = https://www.pasokhgoo.ir/node/22915
|title = پيامبران الهی به ترتيب رسالت
|date = 14 December 2010
|trans-title = Divine Prophets in Order of Mission
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
the Imams (the Twelve Imams in Shia Islam), the infallibles in Shia Islam and the prominent individuals who followed them.
{{cite web
|url = http://hawzeh.thaqalain.ir/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%8C-%D8%B1/
|title = شناخت اهل بیت سلام الله علیهم أجمعین، راهی برای شناختِ اسماء و صفات خدای متعال
|trans-title = Knowing the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them all, is a way to know the names and attributes of God Almighty
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/270266/%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86
|title = دلیل استفاده از علایم اختصاری برای تعظیم و تکریم امامان
|date = 13 January 2013
|trans-title = The reason for using abbreviations to bow and honor the Imams
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.irannamag.com/article/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7/
|title = بحثی دربارهء سابقهء تاریخی القاب و عناوین علما در مذهب شیعه
|trans-title = A discussion on the historical background of the abbreviations and titles of scholars in the Shiite religion
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = http://nooremojarrad.com/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C
|title = حکم استعمال لفظ امام در غیر معصوم از دیدگاه علامه طهرانی
|trans-title = Ruling on using the word Imam for someone other than the infallible, from the perspective of Allama Tehrani
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
In the Islamic world, giving these respectful prefixes and suffixes is a tradition.
Among the most important honorific prefixes used are Hadhrat ({{lang|fa|حَضرَت}}, {{literal translation|lk=yes|a special person in the sight of God, a person who has a special mission from God, holiness, sainthood, excellency, majesty}}).
{{cite web
|url = https://lamtakam.com/dictionaries/moen/12458/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA
|title = معنی حضرت
|trans-title = The meaning of Hadhrat
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://vajehyab.com/?q=%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA
|title = معنی حضرت
|trans-title = The meaning of Hadhrat
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.porseman.com/article/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA/39308
|title = معنای حضرت
|trans-title = The meaning of Hadhrat
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
and Imam ({{lang|fa|اِمام}}, {{literal translation|lk=yes|a person who has a special position with God, a person who receives religious guidance from God to convey to people, an Islamic leadership position, leader, fugleman, headman, pontiff, primate}})
{{cite web
|url = https://wiki.ahlolbait.com/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85
|title = امام
|trans-title = Imam
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://lamtakam.com/dictionaries/moen/2381/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85
|title = معنی امام
|trans-title = Meaning of Imam
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = http://shia-ac.com/index.php/shiite-studies/64-maaref/155-maghale-23
|title = مفهوم امام
|trans-title = The concept of Imam
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = http://ensani.ir/fa/article/46307/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85-
|title = مفهوم «امام» در گذر زمان
|trans-title = The concept of "Imam" over time
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://entezar.ahlolbait.com/content/2914/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85
|title = معنای لغوی و اصطلاحی امام
|date = 27 January 2021
|trans-title = The literal and idiomatic meaning of Imam
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.pasokhgoo.ir/node/97012
|title = به چه كسی پيامبر گفته می‌شود؟ به چه كسی امام گفته می‌شود؟
|date = 22 October 2018
|trans-title = Who is called a prophet? Who is called an Imam?
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = http://noorfatemah.org/islamic-info/4788/%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%90-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%90-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1(%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87)-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%9F-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%9F
|title = امامتِ دوازده‌امام و اهل بیتِ پیامبر
|trans-title = The Imamate of the Twelve Imams and the Prophet's Household
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://ensani.ir/fa/article/65774/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87-%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%B4%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85
|title = فلسفه‌ی امامت و شأن امام
|trans-title = The Philosophy of Imamate and the Dignity of the Imam
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = http://ensani.ir/fa/article/63023/%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA
|title = چیستی و حقیقت امامت
|trans-title = The essence and truth of Imamate
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.porseman.com/article/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA/101887
|title = مقام نبوت و امامت
|trans-title = The position of prophethood and imamate
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
Among the most important honorific suffixes used are {{lang|ar|«صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْه»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|May God's blessings and peace be upon him}}) and {{lang|ar|«صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِه»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|May God's blessings and peace be upon him and his household}}), which these two suffix phrases used specifically for the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islamic world, its abbreviation is also given in parentheses as {{lang|ar|«ص»}} in Arabic and "PBUH" in English after the name of the Prophet Muhammad.
{{cite web
|url = https://quran.inoor.ir/fa/ayah/33/56/
|title = إن ٱلله وملـئكتهۥ يصلون على ٱلنبيۚ يـأيها ٱلذين ءامنوا صلوا عليۡه وسلموا تسۡليما
|trans-title = Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings on the Prophet. O you who have believed, send blessings on him and salute him with a worthy salutation
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://jameghor.com/article/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85/
|title = صلی الله علیه و سلم
|trans-title = May God bless him and grant him peace
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://lamtakam.com/dictionaries/hoshyar/59892/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87
|title = معنی صلی الله علیه
|trans-title = Meaning of peace be upon him
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%EF%B7%B2-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87
|title = معنی صلی اﷲ علیه و آله
|trans-title = Meaning of the peace be upon him and his household
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = http://www.tadabbor.org/print.aspx?Page=Article&AID=955
|title = معنای صلوات و فرق آن با سلام
|trans-title = The meaning of Salawat and its difference from Salam
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ziaossalehin.ir/fa/book/26077
|title = و صلی الله علی محمد و آله و سلم تسلیماً
|date = 6 September 2019
|trans-title = May God's blessings and peace be upon Muhammad and his family
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://ahlolbait.com/content/8952/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%86
|title = معنای صلوات و اهمیت آن
|date = 20 September 2015
|trans-title = The meaning of Salawat and its importance
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://tarjomiclegal.com/dic/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%91%DB%8C%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%20%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%20%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%20%D9%88%20%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%91%D9%85
|title = معنی صلّی الله علیه و اله و سلّم به انگلیسی
|trans-title = Meaning of "Peace be upon him and his household" in English
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://jadvaljoo.ir/word/hsh-0057359
|title = معنی صلی الله علیه
|trans-title = Meaning of peace be upon him
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.porseman.com/article/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A-%C2%AB%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%C2%BB-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7/106829
|title = معنای «صلی الله»
|trans-title = The meaning of "Peace be upon him"
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
And the two suffix phrases {{lang|ar|«عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|Peace be upon him}}, for male persons) and {{lang|ar|«عَلَيْهَا ٱلسَّلَام»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|Peace be upon her}}, for female persons) are used when the name of each of the fourteen infallibles saints is mentioned or written in Islamic world and the most especially in the Shia Islam world,
{{cite web
|url = https://middle-east-online.com/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B8%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9
|title = رجال حول الرسول يحظون باهتمام الأسرة العربية
|trans-title = Men around the Messenger receive the attention of the Arab family
|language = ar
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
its abbreviation is also given in parentheses as {{lang|ar|«ع»}} in Arabic and "AS" in English after the name of the fourteen infallibles.
{{cite web
|url = https://lamtakam.com/dictionaries/dehkhoda/364541/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85
|title = معنی علیه السلام
|trans-title = Meaning of peace be upon him
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85
|title = معنی علیه السلام
|trans-title = Meaning of peace be upon him
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.jadvalyab.ir/fa2fa/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85
|title = علیه السلام در فرهنگ لغات‌ها
|trans-title = Peace be upon him in the dictionary
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://jadvaljoo.ir/word/hsh-0062572
|title = معنی علیه السلام
|trans-title = Meaning of peace be upon him
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.porseman.com/article/%D8%A2%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%9F/30124
|title = آل محمد علیهم السلام چه کسانی هستند؟
|trans-title = Who are the family of Muhammad (peace be upon him)?
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/270266/%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86
|title = دلیل استفاده از علایم اختصاری برای تعظیم و تکریم امامان
|date = 13 January 2013
|trans-title = The reason for using abbreviations to bow and honor the Imams
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.mouood.com/26771/articles/prophets/imam-ali/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87/
|title = شیعه على علیه السلام
|trans-title = Shia of Ali (peace be upon him)
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.x-shobhe.com/etc/12893.html
|title = سلام و درود (صلوات) حضرت فاطمه علیها السلام، به چه معناست؟
|trans-title = What is the meaning of greetings and blessings (salavat) to Hazrat Fatima (peace be upon her)?
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://fatemibook.ir/blog/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87-%C2%AB%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%BB-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7
|title = مفهوم واژه «سلام» در زیارتنامه‌ها
|trans-title = The meaning of the word "Salam" in pilgrimage texts
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://eshia.ir/feqh/archive/text/khazaeli/kalam/99/991101/
|title = ابعاد سلام / معنی سلام
|trans-title = Dimensions of greetings / Meaning of greetings
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
And also the two suffix phrases {{lang|ar|«رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|God be pleased with him}}, for male persons) and {{lang|ar|«رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|God be pleased with her}}, for female persons) are used when the name of each of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad is mentioned or written in Islamic world and the most especially in the Sunni Islam world,
{{cite web
|url = http://ar.m.wikisource.org:80/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB
|title = البداية والنهاية / الجزء الثالث
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140302062538/http://ar.m.wikisource.org:80/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB
|trans-title = The book "The Beginning and the End" / Part Three
|language = ar
|access-date = 21 December 2024
|archive-date = 2 March 2014
}}
its abbreviation is also given in parentheses as {{lang|ar|«ر»}} in Arabic and "RA" in English after the name of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad.
{{cite web
|url = https://quran.inoor.ir/fa/ayah/48/18/
|title = لقدۡ رضي ٱلله عن ٱلۡمؤۡمنين إذۡ يبايعونك تحۡت ٱلشجرة فعلم ما في
|trans-title = Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to Prophet under the tradition, He knew what was in their heart
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://lamtakam.com/dictionaries/azad/178633/%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87
|title = معنی رضی الله عنه
|trans-title = The meaning of may God be pleased with him
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://wiki.ahlolbait.com/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_119_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D9%87
|title = آیه ۱۱۹ سوره مائده
|trans-title = Verse 119 of Surah Maidah
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87
|title = رضي الله عنه/عنها
|trans-title = may God be pleased with him/her
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/10967/
|title = رضي الله عنه
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200718103517/https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/10967/
|trans-title = may God be pleased with him/her
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
|archive-date = 18 July 2020
}}
{{cite web
|url = http://sirah.al-islam.com/tree.asp?ID=1
|title = السيرة النبوية لابن هشام
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041228004352/http://sirah.al-islam.com/tree.asp?ID=1
|trans-title = Biography of the Prophet by Ibn Hisham
|language = ar
|access-date = 21 December 2024
|archive-date = 28 December 2004
}}
{{cite book
|last = النووي
|first = محيى الدين
|author-link =
|date =
|title = العنه رضي الله عنهما
|trans-title = About May Allah be pleased with them
|url = http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/846_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%AC-%D9%A6/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_172
|location =
|publisher =
|quote = ج ٦ - الصفحة ١٧٢، الکتابخانه شیا بالخط، مؤرشف من الأصل في ۲۰۲۰-۴-۲۷. اطلع عليه بتاريخ ۲۰۲۰-۱۱-۱۷.
|language = ar
|volume = 6
|page = 172
|isbn =
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205200717/http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/846_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%AC-%D9%A6/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_172
|archive-date = 5 February 2020
}}
These glorifying expressions are also used for God Himself and His angels. Generally, for His angels, the phrase {{lang|ar|«عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَام»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|Peace be upon him}}) is commonly used, and for God, usually His perfection attributes are used, such as the suffix {{lang|ar|«جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|The most exalted}})."Abbas Jaffer, Masuma Jaffer." T Quranic Science. ICAN Press, 2009
{{cite web
|url = https://hawzah.net/fa/Article/View/100377/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87
|title = سلام و صلوات؛ خدا و ملائکه و مومنان؛ بر پیامبر اکرم صلی ا...علیه و آله
|trans-title = Peace and blessings of God, the angels, and the believers be upon the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family.
|language = fa
|access-date = 9 December 2024
}}
{{cite journal
| last1 = صمدانیان
| first1 = محسن
| last2 = صبوری
| first2 = امید
| date =
| title = عبارتهای محترمانه اسلامی در بکار بردن نام خدا، نام ملائک و نام پیامبر خاتم (ص)
| trans-title = Respectful Islamic phrases when using the name of God, the names of angels, and the name of the last Prophet (PBUH)
| url =
| journal = مجله قرآنی کوثر
| quote = شماره ۲۳، زمستان ۱۳۸۵ش و بهار ۱۳۸۶ش.
| volume =
| issue =
| language = fa
| pages = 76, 77
| doi =
| access-date =
}}
Islam uses a number of conventionally complimentary phrases wishing-well or praising religiously-esteemed figures including God (Allah), Muhammad (Messenger of God),
{{cite book
|last = دهخدا
|first = علی‌اکبر و دیگران
|author-link = Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda
|date = 1390
|title = لغت‌نامه
|series = لغت نامه: فرهنگ متوسط دهخدا
|trans-title = Dictionary
|url = https://noorlib.ir/book/view/50606
|location = تهران
|publisher = دانشگاه تهران
|quote = ۱۳۹۰ش، ذیل واژه علیه‌السلام
|language = fa
|volume =
|page =
|isbn =
}}
Muhammad's companions (sahaba), family (Ahl al-Bayt), other Islamic prophets and messengers, angels, and revered persons. In Twelver Shi'ism, honorifics are used with the Twelve Imams.
{{cite book
|last = محمدی ری‌شهری
|first = محمد و دیگران
|author-link = Mohammad Reyshahri
|date = 1389
|title = دانش‌نامه امیرالمؤمنین(ع) بر پایه قرآن، حدیث و تاریخ
|series = دانش نامه امیر المومنین علیه السلام بر پایه قرآن، حدیث و تاریخ
|trans-title = Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful (AS) based on the Quran, Hadith and History
|url = https://noorlib.ir/book/view/18143
|location = قم
|publisher = دار الحدیث
|quote = ۱۳۸۹ش
|language = fa
|volume = 1
|page = 185
|isbn =
}}
Also, Islamic honorifics are referred to as Salawāt ({{Lang|ar|صَلَوات|rtl=yes}}, {{literal translation|lk=yes|Blessings of God}}) in the shape of {{lang|ar|«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad}})
{{cite web
|url = https://www.daneshchi.ir/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF/
|title = معنی عبارت «اللهم صل علی محمد و آل محمد»
|trans-title = The meaning of the phrase "O Allah, send blessings on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad"
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
and also in Shia Islam in the shape of {{lang|ar|«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد و عَجِّل فَرَجَهُم»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and hasten their relief}}),
{{cite web
|url = https://www.masjed.ir/fa/newsagency/31934/Qaem
|title = معنای واقعی "و عجل فرجهم" چیست؟
|trans-title = What is the real meaning of "and hasten their relief"?
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
in Arabic too, which their meaning is equal to the phrase {{lang|fa|«خداوندا بر محمد و خاندانش رحمت فرست و فرجشان را نزدیک بفرما»}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation}}) in Persian language
{{cite web
|url = https://hawzah.net/fa/Article/View/6775/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B5
|title = معنای صلوات بر محمد و آل محمد (ص)
|trans-title = The meaning of blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad (PBUH)
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
which meaning requesting {{Lang|ur|{{nq|«درود»}}|rtl=yes}} ({{literal translation|lk=yes|Peace}}) from God for Muhammad and his household in Urdu language too.
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.forvo.com/word/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA/
|title = چگونه صلوات را به فارسی، عربی و اردو تلفظ کنید
|trans-title = How to pronounce Salawat in Persian, Arabic and Urdu
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
File:Salavat by Shams ud-Din.jpg and his family", in the handwriting of Shamsuddin Asaf Jahi]]
Formatting
Islamic honorifics are not abbreviated in Arabic-script languages (e.g. Arabic, Persian, Urdu)
{{cite web
|url = https://farhangemelal.icro.ir/news/21123/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88
|title = واژه های مشترک زبان فارسی و زبان اردو
|date = 19 September 2024
|trans-title = Common words in Persian and Urdu
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
given the rarity of acronyms and abbreviations in those languages, however, these honorifics are often abbreviated in other languages such as English, Spanish, and French. Common examples of these abbreviations include PBUH ('Peace be Upon Him')
{{cite web
|url = https://dic.b-amooz.com/en/dictionary/w?word=pbuh#PBUH_sentence_1
|title = ترجمه کلمه PBUH
|trans-title = Translation of the word PBUH
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
and SWT (subhanahu wa-ta'ala, 'Glorified and Exalted').
{{cite web
|url = https://nedaye-tahzib.ir/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B0%DA%A9%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87/
|title = معنای ذکر سبحان الله
|trans-title = The meaning of saying Subhan Allah
|language = fa
|access-date = 21 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.alalam.ir/news/6562303/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F
|title = مفهوم سبحان الله و تعالی چیست و حقیقت آن کدام است؟
|trans-title = What is the meaning of Subhan Allah wa Ta'ala and what is its truth?
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
Though these honorifics may be abbreviated in writing, they are never abbreviated in speech. Abbreviations often vary in letter case and use of periods.
{{cite web
|url = https://afagh313.ir/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%8C-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86/
|title = معنی، مشتقات و ریشه سبحان
|trans-title = Meaning, Derivatives and Roots of Subhan
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://khouzestan.iqna.ir/fa/news/3493949/%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF
|title = ذكر «سبحان الله» و ديدگاه انسان نسبت به خداوند
|trans-title = Reciting "Subhan Allah" and Man's View of God
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
Honorifics, in Arabic or non-Arabic languages, can be written in multiple formats:
{{cite web
|url = https://binbaz.org.sa/audios/605/26-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1
|title = كنا قعودا حول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ومعنا أبو بكر وعمر رضي الله عنهما في نفر...
|trans-title = We were sitting around the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and with us were Abu Bakr and Umar, may God be pleased with them, and a group of people...
|language = ar
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/20407/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1
|title = الحديث المذكور ضعيف، وفضائل (أبي بكر) لا ينكرها إلا مكابر
|trans-title = The mentioned hadith is weak, and the virtues of Abu Bakr are only denied by an obstinate person
|language = ar
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
- Arabic text with Islamic honorifics
- * Example: "{{lang|ar|لقد شارك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كلام الله سبحانه وتعالى كما أنزله عليه الملك جبريل عليه السلام مع صاحبه الوفي أبو بكر الصديق رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ|rtl=yes}}"
- English text with Islamic honorifics in romanized Arabic
- * Example: "The Messenger of God ({{transliteration|ar|ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}}) shared the word of Allah ({{transliteration|ar|subḥānahu wa-taʿālā}}) as revealed to him by the angel Jibril ({{transliteration|ar|ʿalayhi as-salām}}) with his loyal companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq ({{Transliteration|ar|raḍiya 'llāhu 'anhu}})."
- English text with unabbreviated Islamic honorifics
- * Example: "The Messenger of God (peace be upon him) shared the word of Allah (glorified and exalted) as revealed to him by the angel Jibril (peace be upon him) with his loyal companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (Allah be pleased with him)."
- English text with abbreviated Islamic honorifics
- * Example: "The Messenger of God (PBUH) shared the word of Allah (SWT) as revealed to him by the angel Jibril (AS) with his loyal companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA)."
List of honorifics
= God (''Allah'') <span class="anchor" id="Allah honorifics"></span><span class="anchor" id="Allah"></span><span class="anchor" id="God (''Allah'')"></span><span class="anchor" id="God (Allah)"></span> =
{{See also|Allah}}
Following the mention of God (Allah), including by pronoun (e.g. 'Him' or 'His'), or by one of the names bestowed upon him, one of the below honorifics are said or written:
{{cite web
|url = https://fa.wikifeqh.ir/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7_(%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86)
|title = حکم اسما و صفات خدا (قرآن)
|trans-title = The Ruling on the Names and Attributes of God (Quran)
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.hamgaman-institute.ir/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%B1-(%D9%87%D9%88)
|title = شناخت اسم مُضمر «هو»
|trans-title = Recognizing the implicit noun "ho"
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://www.isna.ir/news/91043118906/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF
|title = «اسماء الحُسنی» یا نام‌های نیکوی خداوند
|date = 21 July 2012
|trans-title = "Asma al-Husni" or the beautiful names of God
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
| class="wikitable"
|+Suffixal Honorifics for Allah !Arabic !Single character in Unicode !Romanization !Abbreviation !Translation |
| {{lang|ar|سُبْحَانَهُۥ وَتَعَالَىٰ|rtl=yes}}
|{{lang|ar|﷾|rtl=yes}} |{{transliteration|ar|subḥānahū wa-taʿālā}} |(SWT) |Glorified and exalted |
| {{lang|ar|تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَىٰ|rtl=yes}}
|{{lang|ar|﵎|rtl=yes}} |{{transliteration|ar|tabāraka wa-taʿālā}} |(TWT) |Blessed and exalted |
| {{lang|ar|عَزَّ وَجَلَّ|rtl=yes}}
|{{lang|ar|﷿|rtl=yes}} |{{transliteration|ar|ʿazza wa-jall}} |(AZWJ) |Prestigious and majestic / Mighty and sublime |
| {{lang|ar|جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{lang|ar|ﷻ|rtl=yes}} |{{transliteration|ar|jalla jalāluh{{smallsup|ū}}}} |(JJ) |Most exalted |
= Muhammad <span class="anchor" id="Muhammad honorifics"></span><span class="anchor" id="Muhammad"></span><span class="anchor" id="Muhammad (Sallā -llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam)"></span> =
{{See also|Muhammad}}
Muhammad's name, reference to him through a pronoun (e.g. 'his' or 'him'), or the use of one of his titles (e.g. 'the messenger of Allah') is followed by one of the below honorifics. The honorific "Blessings of Allah be upon him as well as peace" is the most widely used. The use of the word "blessings" (ṣallā, {{Lang|ar|صَلَّى|rtl=yes}}) can be used for all Islamic prophets (and Shia Imams) equally, however it is almost exclusively used with Muhammad.{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2002 |title=Waḥy |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Brill |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/wahy-COM_1331 |edition=2nd |volume=11 |last2=Rippen |first2=A. |last1=Wensinck |first1=A. J.}}{{Cite book |last=Watt |first=W. Montgomery |author-link=W. Montgomery Watt |title=Muhammad at Medina |title-link=Muhammad at Medina (book) |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1956 |isbn=978-0-19-577307-1}}{{Cite book |title=Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4426-3673-6 |editor-last=Rosenwein |editor-first=Barbara H. |editor-link=Barbara H. Rosenwein |edition=3rd}}
File:Mohamed peace be upon him.svg
File:لیگاتور صلی الله علیه و سلم.png
| class="wikitable"
|+Suffixal Honorifics for Muhammad !Arabic !Single character in Unicode !Romanization !Abbreviation !Translation |
| {{lang|ar|صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِۦ وَسَلَّمَ}}
|ﷺ U+FDFA File:Mohamed peace be upon him.svg |{{transliteration|ar|ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhī wa-sallam{{smallsup|a}}}} |(SAW), (SA), (PBUH) |May blessings of Allah be upon him as well as peace. English short: Peace Be Upon Him |
| {{Lang|ar|صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِۦ وَآلِهِۦ وَسَلَّمَ|rtl=yes}}
|Default universal character ﵌ U+FD4C File:لیگاتور صلی الله علیه و سلم.png |ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī wa-sallama |(SAWW), (SAWS), (SA), (PBUHP) |May blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny and grant him peace. English short: Peace Be Upon Him & his Progeny |
| {{Lang|ar|صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِۦ وَآلِهِ|rtl=yes}}
| ﵆ U+FD46 |ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī |(SAWA), (SA), (SAWW) |May blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny{{Efn|Used more commonly by Shia Muslims}} |
= Muhammad's companions =
{{See also|Companions of the Prophet}}File:Ar-رضى الله عنه.svg
Honorifics used for Muhammad's companions ({{transliteration|ar|aṣ-Ṣaẖābah}}) ask for Allah's pleasure with them. Muhammad's companions include men (Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, etc.) and women (e.g. Fatima bint Muhammad, Aisha bint Abu Bakr, Asma bint Abu Bakr, etc.), and are accorded the properly gendered honorifics.
{{cite web
|url = https://islamqa.org/hanafi/askimam/81114/how-did-the-sahaba-address-each-other/
|title = How did the Sahaba address each other?
|date = 20 September 2014
|trans-title = صحابه چگونه یکدیگر را خطاب قرار می‌دادند؟
|language = en
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
| class="wikitable"
|+Suffixal Honorifics for the Sahaba !Arabic !Single character in Unicode !Romanization !Abbreviation !Translation |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ|rtl=yes}}
| rowspan="5" |{{Lang|ar|﵁|rtl=yes}}ؓ U+0613 (accent used prefix or suffix to name) |raḍiya -llāhu ʿanh{{smallsup|ū}} | rowspan="5" |(RA) |May Allah be pleased with him |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا|rtl=yes}}
|raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhā |May Allah be pleased with her |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُمَا|rtl=yes}}
|raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhumā |May Allah be pleased with them (dual) |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ|rtl=yes}}
|raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhum |May Allah be pleased with them |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُنَّ|rtl=yes}}
|raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhunn |May Allah be pleased with them (Feminine plural) |
= Prophets and messengers <span class="anchor" id="Prophets and messengers"></span> =
{{See also|Prophets and messengers in Islam}}
{{See also|Angels in Islam}}File:Ar-عليه السلام.svg
Some honorifics apply to the archangels (Jibril, Mikhail{{Broken anchor|date=2025-05-05|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Michael (archangel)#Quran|reason= The anchor (Quran) has been deleted.|diff_id=1057528715}}, etc.) as well as any other Islamic prophets preceding Muhammad (e.g. Isa, Musa, Ibrahim etc.). A group of modern scholars from Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Yemen, and Mauritania has issued fatwa that the angels should be invoked with blessing of {{transliteration|ar|alaihissalam}}, which also applied to human prophets and messengers.{{cite web |author1=Abdullaah Al-Faqeeh |date=2003 |title=Saying 'Peace be upon him' to Angel Gabriel |url=https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/86115/saying-peace-be-upon-him-to-angel-gabriel |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=Islamweb.net |publisher=Fatwa center of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Yemen, and Mauritania Islamic educational institutes |language=en}} This fatwa was based on the ruling from Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya.{{cite web |title=Samson and Delilah not mentioned in Quran and Sunnah |url=https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/347941/samson-and-delilah-not-mentioned-in-quran-and-sunnah |website=islamweb.net |year=2017 |access-date=4 August 2024 |language=En}}{{cite web |author1=Ammi Nur Baits |title=Benarkah Samson itu Nabi? |year=2015 |url=https://konsultasisyariah.com/26025-benarkah-samson-itu-nabi.html |website=konsultasisyariah.com |publisher=Yufid Network |access-date=4 August 2024 |language=Id}}
| class="wikitable"
|+Suffixal Honorifics for Prophets, Messengers, Angels and Shia Imams !Arabic !Single character in Unicode !Romanization !Abbreviation !Translation |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵇|rtl=yes}} |ʿalayhi -s-salāmu |rowspan="5"|(AS) |Peace be upon him |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهَا ٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵍|rtl=yes}} |ʿalayhā -s-salāmu |Peace be upon her |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِمَا ٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵉|rtl=yes}} |ʿalayhimā -s-salāmu |Peace be upon them (dual) |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵈|rtl=yes}} |ʿalayhimu -s-salāmu |Peace be upon them (plural) |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِنَّ ٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
| |ʿalayhinna -s-salāmu |Peace be upon them (feminine plural) |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵊|rtl=yes}} |ʿalayhi -ṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu |rowspan="5"|(ASWS) |Blessings and peace be upon him |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهَا ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
| |ʿalayhā -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salāmu |Blessings and peace be upon her |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِمَا ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
| |ʿalayhimā -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salāmu |Blessings and peace be upon them (dual) |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
| |ʿalayhimu -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salāmu |Blessings and peace be upon them (plural) |
| {{Lang|ar|عَلَيْهِنَّ ٱلسَّلَامُ|rtl=yes}}
| |ʿalayhinna -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salāmu |Blessings and peace be upon them (feminine plural) |
| {{Lang|ar|سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ|rtl=yes}}
| |salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhī |rowspan="5"|(SA) |Allah's peace upon him |
| {{Lang|ar|سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهَا|rtl=yes}}
| |salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhā |Allah's peace upon her |
| {{Lang|ar|سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِمَا|rtl=yes}}
| |salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhimā |Allah's peace upon them (dual) |
| {{Lang|ar|سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِمُ|rtl=yes}}
| |salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhim |Allah's peace upon them (plural) |
| {{Lang|ar|سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِنَّ|rtl=yes}}
| |salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhinna |Allah's peace upon them (feminine plural) |
In Shia Islam, Muhammad's progeny, referred to as {{Transliteration|ar|Ahl al-Bayt}} ({{langx|ar|أَهْل ٱلْبَيْت|lit=people of the house}}), are addressed with the same honorifics as messengers.{{cite journal | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/abs/muslim-samson-medieval-modern-and-scholarly-interpretations/B85B244274623E4D1A1C6D9C965D1740 | doi=10.1017/S0041977X08000529 | title=The Muslim Samson: Medieval, modern and scholarly interpretations | date=2008 | last1=Rippin | first1=Andrew | journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies | volume=71 | issue=2 | pages=239–253 | url-access=subscription }}{{Cite book| publisher = BRILL| isbn = 978-90-04-11805-8| last = Dickinson| first = Eerik| title = The development of early Sunnite hadīth criticism: the Taqdima of Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī (240/854-327/938)| year = 2001}}
= Revered men and women =
Some honorifics apply to highly-revered Islamic scholars and people thought to be of high spiritual rank. When that person has died, honorifics ask for Allah's mercy upon or pleasure with him or her. When that person is still living, honorifics customarily ask for Allah's preservation or relief.{{Cite journal|last=Ibrahim|first=Mohammed Zayki|date=2015|title=Ibn Ḥazm's theory of prophecy of women: Literalism, logic, and perfection|journal=Intellectual Discourse|publisher=IIUM Press|volume=23|issue=1|pages=76–77|issn=0128-4878|eissn=2289-5639|citeseerx=10.1.1.831.1259}}{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism|first= B. M. |last=Wheeler |chapter=Daniel |quote=Daniel is not mentioned by name in the Quran but there are accounts of his prophethood in later Muslim literature...}}
| class="wikitable"
|+Suffixal Honorifics for Revered Men and Women !Arabic !Single character in Unicode !Romanization !Abbreviation !Translation |
| {{Lang|ar|رَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ|rtl=yes}}
| |raḥmatu -llāhi ʿalayh{{smallsup|ū}} | rowspan="6" |(RH) |Allah's mercy upon him |
| {{Lang|ar|رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵀|rtl=yes}} |raḥimahu -llāh{{smallsup|ū}} |Mercy upon him |
| {{Lang|ar|رَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهَا|rtl=yes}}
| |{{transliteration|ar|raḥmatu -llāhi ʿalayhā}} |Allah's mercy upon her |
| {{Lang|ar|رَحِمَهَا ٱللَّٰهُ|rtl=yes}}
| |{{transliteration|ar|raḥimahā -llāh{{smallsup|ū}}}} |Mercy upon her |
| {{Lang|ar|رَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِم|rtl=yes}}
| |{{transliteration|ar|raḥmatu -llāhi ʿalayhim}} |Allah's mercy upon them |
| {{Lang|ar|رَحِمَهُمُ ٱللَّٰهُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵏|rtl=yes}} |raḥimahumu -llāh{{smallsup|ū}} |Mercy upon them |
| {{Lang|ar|رِضْوَانُ ٱللَّٰهِ تَعَالَىٰ عَلَيْهِ|rtl=yes}}
| |{{transliteration|ar|riḍwānu -llāhi ta'ālā ʿalayh{{smallsup|ī}}}} | rowspan="2" |(RA) |Allah be pleased with him |
| {{Lang|ar|رِضْوَانُ ٱللَّٰهِ تَعَالَىٰ عَلَيْهَا|rtl=yes}}
| |riḍwānu -llāhi ta'ālā ʿalayhā |Allah be pleased with her |
| {{Lang|ar|حَفِظَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ|rtl=yes}}
| |{{transliteration|ar|hafiḏahu -llāh{{smallsup|ū}}}} | rowspan="2" |(HA) |Allah preserve him |
| {{Lang|ar|حَفِظَهَا ٱللَّٰهُ|rtl=yes}}
| |hafiḏahā 'llāh{{smallsup|ū}} |Allah preserve her |
| {{Lang|ar|فَرَّجَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ|rtl=yes}}
| |{{transliteration|ar|farraja -llāhu ʿanh{{smallsup|ū}}}} | rowspan="2" |(FA) |Allah grant him relief |
| {{Lang|ar|فَرَّجَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا}}
| |farraja -llāhu ʿanhā |Allah grant her relief |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵁|rtl=yes}} |raḍiya -llāhu ʿanh{{smallsup|ū}} | rowspan="5" |(RA) |May Allah be pleased with him |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵂|rtl=yes}} |raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhā |May Allah be pleased with her |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُمَا|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵄|rtl=yes}} |raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhumā |May Allah be pleased with them (dual) |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵃|rtl=yes}} |raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhum |May Allah be pleased with them |
| {{Lang|ar|رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُنَّ|rtl=yes}}
|{{Lang|ar|﵅|rtl=yes}} |raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhunn |May Allah be pleased with them (Feminine plural) |
= Enemies =
Although disparaging and non-honorific, the following phrase may follow the name of a significant enemy of Muhammad, namely Abu Lahab, a Qurayshi leader in Mecca who opposed Islam's rise and was condemned by name by God in the Quran.
{{cite web
|url = https://www.arabnews.com/islam-perspective/news/743651
|title = Abu Lahab, enemy of Islam, meets his fate
|date = 7 May 2015
|trans-title = ابولهب، دشمن اسلام، به سرنوشت خود دچار می‌شود
|language = en
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{cite web
|url = https://islamiccenter.org/why-does-the-quran-mention-a-person-such-as-abu-lahab-who-was-an-inveterate-enemy-of-islam-what-is-the-wisdom-in-doing-so-how-does-it-befit-the-dignity-and-purport-of-the-divine-book/
|title = Why does the Qur'an Mention a Person Such As Abu Lahab Who Was An Inveterate Enemy of Islam? What is the Wisdom in Doing So? How does it Befit the Dignity and Purport of the Divine Book?
|date = 27 October 2013
|trans-title = چرا قرآن از شخصی مانند ابولهب که دشمن سرسخت اسلام بود نام برده است؟ حکمت در انجام این کار چیست؟ چگونه با شأن و مفاد کتاب آسمانی مناسب است؟
|language = en
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
| class="wikitable"
|+Suffixal Curse for Enemies !Arabic !Romanization !Abbreviation !Translation |
| {{Lang|ar|لَعَنَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ|rtl=yes}}
|la'anatu -llahi ʿalayhī |(LA) |Allah's curse be upon him |
Scriptural and hadith basis
= Qur'ān =
The honorifics for Muhammad are enjoined by Surat al-Ahzab:
{{cite web
|url = https://wiki.ahlolbait.com/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%87_56_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8
|title = آیه ۵۶ سوره احزاب
|trans-title = Verse 56 of Surah Al-Ahzab
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{blockquote|{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|إِنَّ ٱللّٰهَ وَمَلَـٰٓىِٕكَتَهُۥ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى ٱلنَّبِىِّ ۚ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ صَلُّوا۟ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا۟ تَسْلِيمًا}}}}
"Surely Allah (God) and His angels bless the Prophet; O you who believe! Send blessings on him and salute him with a (becoming) salutation."
{{Cite quran|33|56|translator=s}}}}
= Hadiths from Sunni Islam =
{{See also|Hadith|}}
Al-Tirmidhi recorded that Abu Hurairah said, "The Messenger of Allah said, 'May he be humiliated, the man in whose presence I am mentioned and he does not send Salaam upon me; may he be humiliated, the man who sees the month of Ramadan come and go, and he is not forgiven; may he be humiliated, the man whose parents live to old age and they do not cause him to be granted admittance to Paradise.{{'"}} Al-Tirmidhi said that this hadith was {{transliteration|ar|ḥasan gharib}}, "good but only reported once".{{cite book |last1=al-Kulayni |first1=Muhammad ibn Ya'qub |title=Al-Kafi |date=2015 |publisher=Islamic Seminary Incorporated |location=New York |isbn=9780991430864 |edition=Volume 6}}
In {{transliteration|ar|Sahih Muslim}}, {{transliteration|ar|Sunan Abu Dawood}}, {{transliteration|ar|Jami' at-Tirmidhi}} and {{transliteration|ar|al-Sunan al-Sughra}}, four of the six major hadith collections recorded that Abu Hurairah said, "The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever sends one Salaam upon me, Allah will send ten upon him.{{'"}}{{cite book|last1=Glasse|first1=Cyril|title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam|orig-year=1989 |date=2001|publisher=Altamira|page=159}}
Ahmad ibn Hanbal reported in his {{transliteration|ar|Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal}} that the Companion of Muhammad, Abu Talha ibn Thabit, said:Graham, William A. (1977). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fl6skqM6aP8C Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam: A Reconsideration of the Sources, with Special Reference to the Divine Saying or Hadith Qudsi]. Walter de Gruyter. {{ISBN|3110803593}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2115|title=Saul - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=6 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006075532/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2115|url-status=dead}}
{{blockquote|One morning the Messenger of Allah was in a cheerful mood and looked happy. They said, "O Messenger of Allah, this morning you are in a cheerful mood and look happy." He said, "Of course, just now someone [an angel] came to me from my Lord [Allah] and said, 'Whoever among your Ummah sends Salaam upon you, Allah will record for him ten good deeds and will erase for him ten evil deeds, and will raise his status by ten degrees, and will return his greeting with something similar to it.{{'"}}}}
Al-Bayhaqi reports that Abu Hurairah said that Muhammad said, "Send the Salaam on Allah's messengers and prophets for Allah sent them as He sent me."
{{cite web
|url = https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/hadith/muslim/001a_smt.html
|title = SAHIH MUSLIM, BOOK 1, The Book of Faith (KITAB AL-IMAN) (part II)
|trans-title = صحیح مسلم، کتاب اول، کتاب الایمان (قسمت دوم)
|language = en
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
This point is further founded in the saying by Muhammad, "The miser is the one in whose presence I am mentioned, then he does not send the Salam upon me." This was recorded in {{transliteration|ar|Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal}}.
{{cite web
|url = https://sunnah.com/bukhari:6452
|title = Sahih al-Bukhari 6452 - To make the Heart Tender (Ar-Riqaq)
|trans-title = صحیح البخاری ۶۴۵۲ - لطیف کردن قلب (الرقاق)
|language = en
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{blockquote|Anas bin Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: 'Whoever sends salah upon me once, Allah (SWT) will send salah upon him tenfold, and will erase ten sins from him, and will raise him ten degrees in status.{{'"}} |Collected by Al-Nasa'i |{{transliteration|ar|Al-Sunan al-Sughra}}, Book 13, Hadith 119{{cite web |url=https://sunnah.com/nasai:1297 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502152819/https://sunnah.com/nasai:1297 |archive-date=2021-05-02 |website=sunnah.com |title=The Book of Forgetfulness (In Prayer) (55) Chapter: The virtue of sending salah upon the Prophet (SAW) }}}}
= Salafi rejection of abbreviations =
Scholars of the Salafi branch of Islam practiced in Saudi Arabia have instructed their followers not to abbreviate the {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} upon Muhammad. For example, Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz, the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, said:
{{cite web
|url = http://alvahy.com/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8/56
|title = احادیث آیه ۵۶ از سوره احزاب
|trans-title = Hadiths of verse 56 of Surah Al-Ahzab
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
{{blockquote|1=As it is prescribed to send prayers upon the Prophet (peace and prayers of Allah be upon him) in prayer when saying the {{transliteration|ar|tashahhud}}, and it is prescribed when giving {{transliteration|ar|khutbahs}}, saying {{transliteration|ar|Du'a}} and praying for forgiveness, and after the {{transliteration|ar|Adhan}}, and when entering and exiting the mosque, and when mentioning him in other circumstances, so it is more important to do so when writing his name in a book, letter, article and so on. So it is prescribed to write the prayers in full so as to fulfil the command that Allah has given to Muslims, and so that the reader will remember to say the prayers when he reads it. So one should not write the prayers on the Prophet (peace and prayers of Allah be upon him) in short form such as writing (S) or (SAWS) etc, or other forms that some writers use, because that is going against the command of Allah in His Book, where He says (interpretation of the meaning):
{{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|صَلُّوا۟ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا۟ تَسْلِيمًا }}}}
{{cite web
|url = http://www.parsquran.com/data/show.php?lang=far&sura=33&ayat=56&user=far&tran=1
|title = متن قرآن، سوره ۳۳، الأحزاب، آیه ۵۶ - آیه ۶۵
|trans-title = Text of the Quran, Surah 33, Al-Ahzab, verse 56 - verse 65
|language = fa
|access-date = 22 December 2024
}}
Send blessings on him and salute him with a (becoming) salutation."{{Cite quran|33|56|translator=s}}
And that (writing it in abbreviated form) does not serve that purpose and is devoid of the virtue of writing "{{transliteration|ar|salla Allaahu 'alayhi wa salaam}} (May Allah send prayers and peace upon him)" in full. Moreover the reader may not take notice of it and may not understand what is meant by it. It should also be noted that the symbol used for it is regarded as disapproved by the scholars, who warned against it.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}{{year needed|date=January 2015}}}}
Unicode
{{see also|Arabic script in Unicode#Word ligatures}}
| class="wikitable" |
| colspan="6"|Unicode |
|---|
| UTF-8 Encoding
!Symbol !Unicode Name !Transcription !English |
ؑ
|{{huge|ؑ}} |Arabic sign ALAYHE ASSALLAM |{{transliteration|ar|ʿalayhi s-salām}} |{{lang|ar|عليه السلام}} |Peace be upon him |
ؒ
|{{huge|ؒ}} |Arabic sign RAHMATULLAH ALAYHE |{{transliteration|ar|raḥmatu Llāhi ʿalayh}} |{{lang|ar|رحمة الله عليه}} |God have mercy upon him |
ؓ
|{{huge|ؓ}} |Arabic sign RADI ALLAHOU ANHU |{{transliteration|ar|raḍī Llāhu ʿanh}} |{{lang|ar|رضي الله عنه}} |God be pleased with him |
See also
- Honorifics for the dead in Judaism
- Honorifics in Judaism
- {{transliteration|ar|Subhanahu wa ta'ala}}
- {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Islamic Honorifics}}
Category:Arabic words and phrases
Category:Arabic words and phrases in Sharia
Category:Arabic-language honorifics