Israel Ludlow

Israel Ludlow was born near Morristown, New Jersey in 1765.Greve 1904 : 165 In 1786, each of the thirteen states was to appoint a man to help survey the Seven Ranges in the easternmost portion of the Northwest Territory under the Land Ordinance of 1785. Ludlow was appointed to fill the vacant South Carolina surveyorship.Pattison 1959 : 127 Ludlow was one of two surveyors to stay in settlements near the Ohio River the winter of 1786–1787, and completed the survey of the seventh range, plats, and notes by August 1787.Pattison 1959 : 132-133

Later in 1787, a land company called the Ohio Company of Associates contracted with the Congress of the Confederation to buy a 1,500,000-acre tract along the Ohio River to the west of the Seven Ranges. Ludlow surveyed the north line of this tract that is known as Israel Ludlow's Survey.Peters 1918 : 249

Virginia was granted lands between the Scioto River and Little Miami River in Ohio for bounties for its war veterans in a tract called the Virginia Military District. John Cleves Symmes purchased a large tract between the Little Miami River and the Great Miami River called the Symmes Purchase. Symmes had Ludlow survey a line between the sources of the Scioto and Little Miami to determine the boundary between the tracts, afterwards known as the Ludlow Line,Peters 1918 : 162 the subject of decades of legislation and court action due to the difficulty in determining the source of the Scioto River.Peters 1918 : 112-117McFarland 1904 : 278-280

On August 25, 1788, Matthias Denman, Robert Patterson, and John Filson entered an agreement to found Cincinnati, with Ludlow taking Filson's place upon his death.Drury 1909 : 36 The town was settled December 28, 1788 by Ludlow and twenty-six other people.Nelson 1894 : 56-57 He surveyed the town by January 1789.Greve 1904 : 186

File:Ludlow Mansion, Cincinnati.jpg

When Hamilton County, Ohio was formed January 2, 1790, Ludlow was named clerk.Drury 1909 : 52 In 1790, Ludlow established the community of Ludlow's Station. In 1794, as proprietor, he laid out Hamilton, Ohio, and in 1795, with Governor Arthur St. Clair, Jonathan Dayton, and William McMillan, he planned Dayton, Ohio.

In 1796, Ludlow married Charlotte Chambers of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. That year he built the largest house in Cincinnati, known as the "Ludlow mansion".Goss 1912 : 74 Israel and Charlotte had four children: James Chambers Ludlow (1797–1841), Martha Catharine Ludlow (1799–1834), Sarah Bella Ludlow (1802–1882), and Israel L. Ludlow (1804–1846).

One of Ludlow's granddaughters married Salmon P. Chase, another married Randall Hunt, and his daughter, Sarah Bella Ludlow married John McLean.

He died on January 21, 1804, after a 4 day illness{{cite web | url=https://www.ohiohistory.org/israel-ludlow-the-man-that-surveyed-ohio/ | title=Israel Ludlow: The Man That Surveyed Ohio | date=10 November 2009 }} and was buried with Masonic honors in the Presbyterian Graveyard in Cincinnati. Steele 1896 : footnote page 213

One historian said: "By the time of his death in the early 1800s he had surveyed more land in the Ohio Country than any other federal surveyor." His remains were later moved to Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery. Hamilton, Dayton, and Cincinnati each have a street named after Ludlow. Ludlow Falls near Dayton is also named after him.{{cite book|last=Overman|first=William Daniel|title=Ohio Town Names|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015015361465;view=1up;seq=94|year=1958|publisher=Atlantic Press|location=Akron, OH|page=78}} Two streams named Ludlow Creek are in Miami County, Ohio and Greene County, Ohio.{{cite web |url=http://soilandwater.ohiodnr.gov/portals/soilwater/pdf/stream/GAZETTEER_OF_OHIO_STREAMS.pdf| title=GAZETTEER_OF_OHIO_STREAMS|author= Ohio Department of Natural Resources}} Ludlow, Kentucky, directly across from Cincinnati, Ohio, also bears his name.

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• {{cite book |ref=greve|title=Centennial history of Cincinnati and representative citizens |volume=1 |first=Charles Theodore |last=Greve |publisher=Biographical Publishing Company |location=Chicago |year=1904|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJxABLtxX60C&pg=PA165}}
• {{cite journal|ref=pat59|last1=Pattison|first1=William D.|year=1959|title=The Survey of the Seven Ranges|journal=The Ohio Historical Quarterly|volume=68|pages=115–140|url=http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohj/browse/volumeresult.php?vol=68|access-date=2014-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101211123/http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohj/browse/volumeresult.php?vol=68|archive-date=2014-11-01|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite book |ref=pet18|title=Ohio Lands and Their Subdivision |last=Peters|first=William E.|year=1918 |publisher=W.E. Peters|url=https://archive.org/details/ohiolandstheirsu00pete|page=[https://archive.org/details/ohiolandstheirsu00pete/page/n264 249]}}
• {{cite book|ref=dru|title=History of the city of Dayton and Montgomery County, Ohio |volume=1 |first=Augustus Waldo |last=Drury |publisher=S J Clarke Publishing Company |location=Dayton |year=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhObs4HhLlEC&pg=PA36}}
• {{cite book |title=Cincinnati, the Queen City, 1788-1912 |volume=1 |first=Charles Frederic |last=Goss |author-link=Charles Frederic Goss|publisher=S J Clarke Publishing Company |location=Cincinnati |year=1912 |ref=goss|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmHRK2hV2vQC&pg=PA74}}
• {{cite journal |ref=mcf |last1=McFarland |first1=R W |year=1904 |title=The Ludlow Line |journal=Ohio Archaeological and Historical Publications |volume=13 |pages=278–280 |url=http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohj/browse/volumeresult.php?vol=13 |access-date=2014-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101210956/http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohj/browse/volumeresult.php?vol=13 |archive-date=2014-11-01 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book |ref=nelson94|title=History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Ohio |year=1894 |publisher=S B Nelson and Company |first1=S B |last1=Nelson |first2=J M |last2=Runk |location=Cincinnati |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcincinn00nels/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcincinn00nels}}
• {{cite book |ref=Steele| title=Early Dayton: with important facts and incidents from the founding of the city of Dayton, Ohio to the hundredth anniversary 1796-1896 |first1=Robert W |last1=Steele |first2=Mary Davies |last2=Steele |year=1896 |location=Dayton |publisher=United Brethren Publishing | isbn=9780788412332 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlN5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA213}}

• [https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv618636?q=01115 Ludlow-Dunlop-Chambers papers] are archived at the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.

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Category:People from Cincinnati

Category:People from Morristown, New Jersey

Category:American surveyors

Category:Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery

Category:1765 births

Category:1804 deaths