Spring Grove Cemetery

{{Short description|Historic rural cemetery in Hamilton County, Ohio}}

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Spring Grove Cemetery

| nrhp_type = nhld

| nocat = yes

| image = Dexter Memorial.jpg

| caption = The Gothic Revival Dexter Memorial at Spring Grove Cemetery & Arboretum

| location = Cincinnati, Ohio

| locmapin = Ohio#USA

| area =

| built = 1845

| architect = Adolph Strauch et al.

| architecture = Gothic Revival

| added = May 13, 1976

| designated_nrhp_type = March 29, 2007

| refnum = 76001440{{NRISref|2007a}}

}}

Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum is a nonprofit rural cemetery and arboretum located at 4521 Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. At a size of 733 acres (2.97 km2), it is the third largest cemetery in the United States, after the Calverton National Cemetery and Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery.{{cite web|url=http://www.unbelievableinfo.com/2016/05/top-10-largest-cemeteries-in-world.html|title=top-10-largest-cemeteries-in-world|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817182231/http://www.unbelievableinfo.com/2016/05/top-10-largest-cemeteries-in-world.html|archive-date=August 17, 2019|access-date=September 2, 2019}} The cemetery dates back to 1844 and is recognized as a US National Historic Landmark due to its age, architecture, and notable burials.

History

The cemetery dates from 1844, when members of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society formed a cemetery association. They took their inspiration from contemporary rural cemeteries such as Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, and Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/cincinnaticemet00forbgoog | title=The Cincinnati Cemetery of Spring Grove, Report for 1857 | publisher=C.F. Bradley, printers | year=1857 | page=[https://archive.org/details/cincinnaticemet00forbgoog/page/n77 3]}} The numerous springs and groves suggested the name "Spring Grove".{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/picturesquecinci00daws | title=Picturesque Cincinnati | publisher=John Shillito Company | year=1883 | page=[https://archive.org/details/picturesquecinci00daws/page/194 194]}} On December 1, 1844, Salmon P. Chase and others prepared the Articles of Incorporation. The cemetery was designed by Howard Daniels{{cite web|url= http://www2.cincinnati.com/visitorsguide/parks/060100_springgrove.html|title= A Walk in the Park: Spring Grove Cemetery|publisher= Cincinnati.com|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= July 25, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725175410/http://www2.cincinnati.com/visitorsguide/parks/060100_springgrove.html|url-status= dead}} and formally chartered on January 21, 1845. The first burial took place on September 1, 1845.

In 1855, Adolph Strauch, a renowned landscape architect, was hired to beautify the grounds.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_D3qf9b1s-gC&q=1880+cincinnati&pg=PA35 | title=Cincinnati: From River City to Highway Metropolis | publisher=Arcadia Publishing | date= 2003 | access-date=May 25, 2013 | last= Stradling |first=David | page= 35| isbn=9780738524405 }} His sense and layout of the "garden cemetery" made of lakes, trees and shrubs, is what visitors today still see. He created a more open landscape by setting limits on private enclosures and monument heights.{{Cite web|url=https://tclf.org/landscapes/spring-grove-cemetery|title=Spring Grove Cemetery {{!}} The Cultural Landscape Foundation|website=tclf.org|language=en|access-date=March 22, 2018|archive-date=March 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204503/https://tclf.org/landscapes/spring-grove-cemetery|url-status=live}} The results of the redesign earned Strauch praise in the U.S. and abroad,{{Cite book|title=Spring Grove and Its Creator. Edited by Don H. Tolzmann.|last=Ratterman|first=Heinrich|publisher=[Reprint 1988] Ohio Book Store|year=1905|location=Cincinnati}} including from Frederick Law Olmsted and the French landscape architect Edouard André.{{Cite book|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5440920x|title=L'art des jardins / traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins|last=André|first=Édouard|date=1879|publisher=G. Masson|location=Paris|pages=868|language=fr|access-date=March 22, 2018|archive-date=March 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082136/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5440920x|url-status=live}} On March 29, 2007, the cemetery was designated a National Historic Landmark.{{cite web | url= http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20070413.HTM | title= National Historic Landmarks Designated | publisher= National Park Service | date= April 13, 2007 | access-date= March 11, 2015 | archive-date= November 3, 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103212538/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20070413.HTM | url-status= live }} The Spring Grove Cemetery Chapel is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places.

On October 23, 2013, cemetery staff removed a large and potentially disturbing SpongeBob SquarePants headstone from the grave of U.S. Army Corporal Kimberly Walker and another for her still-living sister a day after her funeral. The family believed they had permission from a worker, who management said had erred.{{cite web | url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/23/row-over-iraq-war-veterans-spongebob-squarepants-headstone-4158691/ | title=Ms Walker's family are furious with the graveyard's U-turn after paying $13,000 (£8,000) for the headstone and getting copyright approval from Nickelodeon. | publisher=Metro.co.uk | date=October 23, 2013 | access-date=October 24, 2013 | archive-date=June 15, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032508/https://metro.co.uk/2013/10/23/row-over-iraq-war-veterans-spongebob-squarepants-headstone-4158691/ | url-status=live }} In February 2014, both parties agreed to reinstate the statues with granite slabs largely hiding them from passersby.{{cite web |url=http://www.wlwt.com/news/local-news/cincinnati/family-cemetery-agree-to-reinstall-spongebob-headstones-but-with-changes/24489832 |title=Family, cemetery reinstall SpongeBob headstones but with changes |publisher=Hearst Television Inc. |date=February 14, 2014 |location=Cincinnati |access-date=July 17, 2014 |archive-date=September 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903152521/http://www.wlwt.com/news/local-news/cincinnati/family-cemetery-agree-to-reinstall-spongebob-headstones-but-with-changes/24489832 |url-status=live }}

Description

Spring Grove encompasses {{convert|733|acre|km2}} of which {{convert|400|acre|km2}} are currently landscaped and maintained. Its grounds include 12 ponds,{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kgnS65gAbJoC&q=cincinnati+workhouse&pg=PA43 | title=Cincinnati Landmarks | publisher=Arcadia Publishing | date=2012 | access-date=May 19, 2013 | last=Rolfes | first=Steven | page=43 | isbn=9780738593951 | archive-date=November 26, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126183320/https://books.google.com/books?id=kgnS65gAbJoC&q=cincinnati+workhouse&pg=PA43 | url-status=live }} many fine tombstones and memorials, and various examples of Gothic Revival architecture.

As of 2005, its National Champion trees were Cladrastis kentukea and Halesia diptera; its State Champion trees included Abies cilicica, Abies koreana, Cedrus libani, Chionanthus virginicus, Eucommia ulmoides, Halesia parvifolia, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Phellodendron amurense, Picea orientalis, Picea polita, Pinus flexilis, Pinus griffithi, Pinus monticola, Quercus cerris, Quercus nigra, Taxodium distichum, Ulmus serotina, and Zelkova serrata.

Notable burials

File:Cincinnati - Spring Grove Cemetery & Arboretum - Weeping Angel statue.jpg File:SalmonChaseGrave - cropped.jpg at Spring Grove Cemetery]]

Jacob Ammen, Civil War general{{cite web|url= http://www.springgrove.org/uploads/docs/CivilWarGenerals.pdf|title= Judge Civil War Generals|publisher= The Spring Grove Family|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= May 29, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150529041922/http://www.springgrove.org/uploads/docs/CivilWarGenerals.pdf|url-status= dead}}
Nicholas Longworth Anderson, Civil War colonel
Joshua Hall Bates, Civil War general
Richard M. Bishop, Cincinnati Mayor and Ohio Governor{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Visit to Bishop Grave – Spring Grove Cemetery |url=https://ohiogovernorgravesites.blogspot.com/2012/03/34-richard-m-bishop.html |access-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-date=November 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126183321/https://ohiogovernorgravesites.blogspot.com/2012/03/34-richard-m-bishop.html |url-status=live }}
George K. Brady, United States Army officer. Briefly commander of the Department of Alaska
Emma Lucy Braun, botanist {{cite encyclopedia|title=Emma Lucy Braun (1889–1971)|encyclopedia=Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook|last=Stuckey|first=Ronald L.|editor-last1=Grinstein|editor-first1=Louise S.|editor-last2=Biermann|editor-first2=Carol A.|editor-last3=Rose|editor-first3=Rose K.|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|year=1997|page=[https://archive.org/details/womeninbiologica00grin/page/46 46]|isbn=0-313-29180-2|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninbiologica00grin/page/46}}
Charles Elwood Brown, Civil War brevet brigadier general and U.S. Representative
Sidney Burbank, Civil War colonel
Jacob Burnet, US Senator{{cite web|url =http://www.springgrove.org/judge-jacob-burnet---section-22.aspx|title =Judge Jacob Burnet|publisher =The Spring Grove Family|access-date =July 17, 2014|archive-date =July 25, 2014|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140725180543/http://www.springgrove.org/judge-jacob-burnet---section-22.aspx|url-status =live}}
Samuel Fenton Cary, Congressman, prohibitionist{{cite book |last=Spencer |first=Thomas E. |date=1998 |title=Where They're Buried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eLWao2lIGTEC&pg=PA460 |page=264 |location=Baltimore, MD |publisher=Clearfield Company |isbn=978-0-8063-4823-0 |via=Google Books |ref={{sfnRef|Where They're Buried}} |access-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821153957/https://books.google.com/books?id=eLWao2lIGTEC&pg=PA460 |url-status=live }}
Kate Chase, daughter of Salmon Chase and Washington, D.C. Civil War socialite{{Citation needed|date = July 2014}}
Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the United States{{cite web|url= http://www.springgrove.org/notable-burials.aspx|title= Judge Jacob Notable Burials|publisher= The Spring Grove Family|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= October 13, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181013090339/http://www.springgrove.org/notable-burials.aspx|url-status= live}}
Henry M. Cist, Civil War brevet brigadier general
Levi Coffin, Quaker abolitionist{{cite web|url= http://www.nps.gov/resources/person.htm?id=68|title= Levi Coffin|publisher= National Park Service|access-date= July 17, 2014|archive-date= July 26, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140726054056/http://www.nps.gov/resources/person.htm?id=68|url-status= live}}
George B. Cox, Cincinnati political boss and associate of William Howard Taft
Rich Dauer, professional baseball player
Arthur F. Devereux, Brevet Brigadier General during the Civil War; from Salem, Massachusetts
Daniel Drake, physician and writer{{cite book|last1=Juettner|first1=Otto|title=1785–1909: Daniel Drake and his followers; historical and biographical sketches| date= 1909| publisher= Harvey Publishing Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924011948712/page/n77 70]|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924011948712|quote=Daniel Drake spring grove cemetery.|access-date=July 17, 2014}}
Charles L. Fleischmann, yeast manufacturer{{Citation needed|date = July 2014}}
Joseph Benson Foraker, Governor of Ohio, U.S. Senator, Judge, American Civil War Captain
Manning Force, Civil War Brevet Brigadier General, Medal of Honor recipient
George Benson Fox, Civil War officer, 75th Ohio Infantry, manufacturer, Ohio General AssemblyFile:Swan by Geyser Lake shore at Spring Grove Cemetery.png
James Gamble, co-founder of Procter & Gamble Company{{cite web|url= http://retro.cincinnati.com/Topics/Spring-Grove-Cemetery|title= Spring Grove Cemetery|publisher= Cincinnati.com|access-date= July 18, 2014|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725185724/http://retro.cincinnati.com/Topics/Spring-Grove-Cemetery|archive-date= July 25, 2014}}
Kenner Garrard, Civil War general
Nikki Giovanni, American poet, writer, commentator, activist and educator.{{Cite web |last=Owsley |first=Cara |title=Poet and educator Nikki Giovanni laid to rest in Cincinnati |url=https://www.cincinnati.com/picture-gallery/news/2024/12/19/poet-nikki-giovanni-laid-to-rest-in-cincinnati/77094526007/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=The Enquirer |language=en-US}}
Heinie Groh, Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame third baseman{{cite web|url= http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=grohhe01|title= Heinie Groh Stats|publisher= Baseball Almanac|access-date= July 18, 2014|archive-date= July 16, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140716230231/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=grohhe01|url-status= live}}
Theodore Sommers Henderson, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church{{Citation needed|date = July 2014}}
Andrew Hickenlooper, Civil War general
Joseph Hooker, Civil War general and commander of the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Chancellorsville
Waite Hoyt, professional baseball player; Hall of Fame pitcher{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=William A.|title=Waite Hoyt: A Biography of the Yankees' Schoolboy Wonder|date=2004|publisher=McFarland|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQV6AAAAQBAJ&q=Waite+Hoyt+spring+grove+cemetery&pg=PA209|access-date=July 17, 2014|isbn=9780786419609|archive-date=April 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414054930/https://books.google.com/books?id=gQV6AAAAQBAJ&q=Waite+Hoyt+spring+grove+cemetery&pg=PA209|url-status=live}}
Miller Huggins, Hall of Fame baseball manager of New York Yankees during Babe Ruth era
Isaac M. Jordan, one of the seven founders of Sigma Chi fraternity{{cite web|url= http://sigmachi.org/isaac-m-jordan|title= Isaac M. Jordan|publisher= Sigma Chi Fraternity|access-date= July 18, 2014|date= February 6, 2012|archive-date= June 25, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140625060942/http://sigmachi.org/isaac-m-jordan|url-status= live}}
John William Kilbreth, U.S. Army brigadier general during World War I{{sfn|Where They're Buried|page=460}}
Bernard Kroger, founder of Kroger supermarkets
Alexander Long, Congressman
Nicholas Longworth, Father of American grape culture
Joseph Longworth, art collector and patron, son of Nicholas Longworth
Nicholas Longworth, politician, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, grandson of Nicholas Longworth
William Haines Lytle, 19th century Ohio, general, politician, poet
Joseph Mason, artist, who was an uncredited assistant to John James Audubon in illustrating the Birds of America
Stanley Matthews, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
Alexander McDowell McCook, Union army general
Charles Pettit McIlvaine, Episcopal bishop, author, educator and twice Chaplain of the United States Senate
John McLean, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
Thomas Satterwhite Noble, painter{{Cite book |last=Kleber |first=John E. |title=The Kentucky Encyclopedia |publisher=University of Press of Kentucky |year=1992 |pages=683}}
George Hunt Pendleton, Congressman and US Senator
Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt, poet
Thomas C. Powell (1865–1945), railroad executive and member of the War Industries Board{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-death-comes-to-r/139725740/ |title=Death Comes to Railway Official |date=1945-02-11 |newspaper=The Cincinnati Enquirer |page=16 |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=2024-01-28 |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128064136/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-death-comes-to-r/139725740/ |url-status=live }}{{Open access}}
William Procter, co-founder of Procter and Gamble
Skip Prosser, Wake Forest University men's basketball head coach at the time of his death, former assistant and head men's basketball coach at Xavier University
Tony Scott, professional baseball player
Henry Stanbery, Attorney General of the United States
Adolph Strauch, landscape architect, designer of Spring Grove Cemetery
Dudley Sutphin, Cincinnati attorney, judge and French Legion of Honor medal winner
Alphonso Taft, politician, father of President of the United States William Howard Taft
Charles Phelps Taft II, Mayor of Cincinnati and son of President William Howard Taft
Louise Taft, second wife of Alphonso Taft and mother of William Howard Taft
Mary Lee Tate, painter and teacher{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2023 |title=Tate, Mary Lee |url=https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/index.php/items/show/93 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Notable Kentucky African Americans Database |publisher=University of Kentucky Libraries}}
John Morgan Walden, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church
Godfrey Weitzel, Civil War general
Frances Wright, pioneering feminist, abolitionist, and freethinker

Notes

External links

[http://www.springgrove.org/ Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum]
[http://www.cincinnaticwrt.org/data/ohio%20in%20the%20war/barnett_forty_for_the_union/barnett_article.html Forty Civil War generals buried in Spring Grove Cemetery]
[http://www.cincinnatimemory.org/gsdl/collect/greaterc/archives/HASH013e/558da729.dir/ocp001931pccpc.jpg Spring Grove Entrance]
{{Find a Grave cemetery}}

{{coord|39.164559|N|84.522672|W|source:dewiki_region:US_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title}}

Category:Arboreta in Ohio

Category:Cemeteries in Cincinnati

Category:Botanical gardens in Ohio

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Cincinnati

Category:National Historic Landmarks in Ohio

Category:Protected areas of Hamilton County, Ohio

Category:Tourist attractions in Cincinnati

Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Ohio

Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio

Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio

Category:Rural cemeteries