Italian Democratic Socialist Party#Decline and re-foundation

The party was founded as the Socialist Party of Italian Workers (PSLI) in 1947 by a splinter group of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) due to the decision of the latter to join the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in the Popular Democratic Front's electoral list for the 1948 Italian general election. The split, led by Giuseppe Saragat and the sons of Giacomo Matteotti, took the name ofscissione di Palazzo Barberini, from the name of a palace in Rome where it took place. On 1 May 1951, it joined forces with the smaller Unitary Socialist Party and Labour Democratic Party and took the name Socialist Party – Italian Section of the Socialist International (PS–SIIS). On 7 January 1952, the PS–SIIS was ultimately renamed Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI). From 1949 to 1965, members of the PSDI held the presidency of the Istituto Nazionale di Previdenza Sociale (INPS).A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943–1988 by Paul Ginsborg

In 1966, the party joined the PSI to form the Unified Socialist Party. In 1969, after a disappointing result at the 1968 Italian general election, it left the new unified party, taking the name Unitary Socialist Party (PSU).{{cite book|author=Alessandro Orsini|title=Anatomy of the Red Brigades: The Religious Mind-set of Modern Terrorists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dx0xaO__78C&pg=PA142|year=2015|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-80-146139-2|page=143}} It returned to the PSDI name in 1971. In 1980, the party joined Christian Democracy (DC), the PSI, the Italian Republican Party (PRI), and the Italian Liberal Party (PLI) in the five-party coalition (Pentapartito), which ruled the country until 1991, and until 1994 without the PRI. The party's role in the coalition was minimal and was over-shadowed by the more powerful PSI. The PSDI was a member of Socialist International and a founder member of the Party of European Socialists (PES). Its members of the European Parliament sat within the Socialist Group since 1979.{{cite web|url=http://www.europe-politique.eu/parlement-europeen-1979.htm |title=Parlement Européen 1979|publisher=Europe-politique |access-date=5 December 2013}}{{cite web|url=http://www.europe-politique.eu/parlement-europeen-1984.htm |title=Parlement Européen 1984|publisher=Europe-politique|date=17 February 2007|access-date=5 December 2013}}{{cite web|url=http://www.europe-politique.eu/parlement-europeen-1989.htm|title=Parlement Européen 1989|publisher=Europe-politique |access-date=5 December 2013}} In 1994, having grown increasingly conservative among social democratic parties, the PSDI was expelled from the PES.

The PSDI was involved in the corruption scandals known as Tangentopoli and almost disappeared from the political scene. The 1994 Italian general election resulted in an almost overnight decline of the Pentapartito coalition parties and the rise of Silvio Berlusconi-led Forza Italia, which absorbed many PSDI voters. In January 1995, Gian Franco Schietroma was elected national secretary of the party replacing Enrico Ferri, who wanted to join the centre-right Pole of Freedoms. The followers of Ferri left and established the European Liberal Social Democracy and joined the centre-right Christian Democratic Centre (CCD).{{cite news|title=erri: per lui nessuna sfida era impossibile|url=https://www.lanazione.it/massa-carrara/cronaca/ferri-per-lui-nessuna-sfida-era-impossibile-uw13ca7r|newspaper=La Nazione|date=19 December 2020}}

In 1998, the party, led by Schietroma, finally merged with the Italian Socialists, one of the successor parties of the PSI, to form the Italian Democratic Socialists. By then, most members and voters of the party have joined other parties: Forza Italia (as Carlo Vizzini, party leader in 1992–1993), the CDC (as Ferri, party leader in 1993–1995), and The Democrats (as Franco Bruno). The party was re-established in 2004 with the same name, Italian Democratic Socialist Party, as the continuation of the party of Saragat, so that the new PSDI numbers its congresses in perfect continuity with the late PSDI.{{cite web|title=XXV Congresso Nazionale del Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano - (9-11 Gennaio presso Palazzo Barberini)|url=https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/153178/xxv-congresso-nazionale-del-partito-socialista-democratico-italiano-9-11-gennaio|website=Radio Radicale|date=11 January 2004}}

File:Giuseppe Saragat (cropped).jpg in 1964]]

The PSDI had its best result at its first appearance in the 1948 Italian general election, when it gained 7.1% of the vote. In that occasion, the party was successful in stealing many votes from the PSI, which was damaged by the split as well as by the alliance with the PCI in the Popular Democratic Front. The PSDI found its heartlands in Northern Italy: 12.9% in the Province of Turin, 11.9% in Cuneo, 10.6% in Milan, 13.9% in Sondrio, 12.6% in Treviso, 15.9% in Belluno, and 14.9% in Udine.{{cite web|url=http://elezionistorico.interno.it/area.php?tp=C&dt=18/04/1948 |access-date=16 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626005144/http://elezionistorico.interno.it/area.php?tp=C&dt=18%2F04%2F1948 |archive-date=26 June 2008 |title=::: Ministero dell'Interno ::: Archivio Storico delle Elezioni - Camera del 18 Aprile 1948 }}

Starting in the 1953 Italian general election, the party's support was around 4–5%, with the sole exception of the 1963 Italian general election, when it gained 6.1%. In the 1992 Italian general election, the last before Tangentopoli, the PSDI won 2.7%. The party maintained for decades its strongholds in the North-West and North-East; since the 1960s, it started to gain support in Southern Italy. By the 1987 Italian general election, the party's strongholds had moved South, especially Apulia, Campania, Basilicata, Calabria, and Sicily,{{cite web|url=http://elezionistorico.interno.it/index.php?tp=C|title=Ministero dell'Interno. Archivio Storico delle Elezioni |publisher=Elezionistorico|access-date=5 December 2013}} similarly to what also the other parties of Pentapartito (DC, PSI, PRI, and PLI) were experiencing. This was partly due to the growth of regionalist parties in the North, which were united in Lega Nord starting in 1991. After Tangentopoli, Mani pulite, and subsequent political crisis, the PSDI almost disappeared electorally.

{{Graph:Chart|width=560|type=rect|colors=#FF8282

|xAxisTitle=Elections

|xAxisAngle=-40

|x=Apr. 1948, Jun. 1953, May 1958, Apr. 1963, May 1972, Jun. 1976, 3 Jun. 1979, 10 Jun. 1979, Jun. 1983, Jun. 1984, Jun. 1987, Jun. 1989, Apr. 1992, Mar. 1994, Jun. 1994

|yAxisTitle=% of popular vote

|y=7.7, 4.5, 4.6, 6.1, 5.1, 3.4, 3.8, 4.3, 4.9, 2.5, 3.0, 2.7, 2.7, 0.5, 0.7

}}

The electoral results of PSDI in general (Chamber of Deputies) and European Parliament elections since 1948 are shown in the chart above.

File:Logo of the PSLI.png|1947–1948

File:Logo of the PSDI (1948-1966) (1969-1983).svg|1948–1983

File:Logo of PSU (1966-1969).svg|Unified PSI-PSDI symbol, 1966–1969

File:Logo of the PSDI (1983-1992).svg|1983–1992

• Secretary: Giuseppe Saragat (1947–1948), Alberto Simonini (1948), Ugo Guido Mondolfo (1949), Ludovico D'Aragona (1949), Giuseppe Saragat (1949–1952), Ezio Vigorelli (1952), Giuseppe Romita (1952), Giuseppe Saragat (1952–1954), Gianmatteo Matteotti (1954–1957), Giuseppe Saragat (1957–1964), Mario Tanassi (1964–1966), unification with PSI in the PSU (1966–1969), Mauro Ferri (1969–1972), Mario Tanassi (1972), Flavio Orlandi (1972–1975), Mario Tanassi (1975–1976), Giuseppe Saragat (1976), Pier Luigi Romita (1976–1978), Pietro Longo (1978–1985), Franco Nicolazzi (1985–1988), Antonio Cariglia (1988–1992), Carlo Vizzini (1992–1993), Enrico Ferri (1993–1995), Gian Franco Schietroma (1995–1998)
• President: Giuseppe Saragat (1975–1976)
• Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Giuseppe Modigliani (1947), Rocco Gullo (1947–1948), Mario Langhena (1948–1950), Luigi Benanni (1950–1951), Ezio Vigorelli (1951–1954), Paolo Rossi (1954–1956), Alberto Simonini (1956–1958), Giuseppe Saragat (1958–1963), Virginio Bertinelli (1963–1966), Mario Tanassi (1966), Egidio Ariosto (1966–1969), Flavio Orlandi (1969–1972), Antonio Cariglia (1972–1976), Luigi Preti (1976–1978), Franco Nicolazzi (1978–1979), Alessandro Reggiani (1979–1987), Filippo Caria (1987–1992), Dino Madaudo (1992), Enrico Ferri (1992–1994)

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{{Italian Socialist Party}}

{{historical Italian political parties}}

{{1950s–1990s Italian political parties}}

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Category:1947 establishments in Italy

Category:1998 disestablishments in Italy

Category:Defunct social democratic parties in Italy

Category:Defunct political parties in Italy

Category:Former member parties of the Socialist International

Category:Political parties disestablished in 1998

Category:Political parties established in 1947