Iyokan
{{Short description|Citrus fruit and plant}}
{{Taxobox
|name = Iyokan
|image = Iyokan on tree.jpg
|image_caption = Iyokan
|regnum = Plantae
|unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
|unranked_classis = Eudicots
|unranked_ordo = Rosids
|ordo = Sapindales
|familia = Rutaceae
|genus = Citrus
|species = Citrus × iyo
|}}
File:Iyokan_for_sake_in_Kanagawa_Japan_-_2024_Feb_21.jpeg
The iyokan (伊予柑 - Citrus × iyo), also known as anadomikan (穴門みかん) and Gokaku no Iyokan,{{cite web|url=http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/wine_msg.php?titleid=2475|title=Japanese farmers create pentagon-shaped oranges|work=whatsonxiamen.com}} is a Japanese citrus fruit, similar in appearance to a mandarin orange, with Dancy as the pollen parent and Kaikokan as the seed parent.{{cite journal | last1=Shimizu | first1=Tokurou |last2=Kitajima | first2=Akira | last3=Nonaka |first3=Keisuke | last4=Yoshioka | first4=Terutaka | last5=Ohta | first5=Satoshi | last6=Goto | first6=Shingo | last7=Toyoda | first7=Atsushi | last8=Fujiyama | first8=Asao | last9=Mochizuki | first9=Takako | last10=Nagasaki | first10=Hideki | last11=Kaminuma | first11=Eli | last12=Nakamura | first12=Yasukazu | title=Hybrid Origins of Citrus Varieties Inferred from DNA Marker Analysis of Nuclear and Organelle Genomes | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=11 | issue=11 | page=e0166969 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0166969| pmid=27902727 | pmc=5130255 | year=2016 | bibcode=2016PLoSO..1166969S | doi-access=free }} It is the second most widely produced citrus fruit in Japan after the satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu).{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} Ehime Prefecture accounted for 90% of Iyokan production in 2021.
Iyokan was discovered in 1886 in the orchard of Masamichi Nakamura, a resident of Yamaguchi Prefecture. In 1889, Yasunori Miyoshi, a resident of Ehime Prefecture, bought the original tree and brought it home, and it became a specialty of Ehime Prefecture. Originally marketed as "Iyo mikan", it was renamed "Iyokan" in 1930 to avoid confusion with Unshu mikan (Citrus unshiu). The name "Iyo" was taken from the ancient name of a place in Ehime Prefecture, the Iyo province.{{cite web|url=https://majime-ehime.com/books/688|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111140957/https://majime-ehime.com/books/688|script-title=ja:伊予柑 (いよかん) 愛媛の地で育まれ“伊予”の名を冠した柑橘|language=ja|publisher=Ehime Prefecture|archive-date=11 January 2022|access-date=23 May 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://mikkabimikan.jp/picture_books/Iyokan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205184224/https://mikkabimikan.jp/picture_books/Iyokan|script-title=ja:いよかん|language=ja|publisher=Japan Agricultural Cooperatives, Mikkabi|archive-date=5 December 2022|access-date=23 May 2023}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ehimemikan.asia/en/hinshu/iyokan.html|title=Ehime Citrus fruits > Varieties of Ehime Citrus fruits > Iyokan|work=ehimemikan.asia|access-date=2014-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203011639/http://www.ehimemikan.asia/en/hinshu/iyokan.html|archive-date=2014-02-03|url-status=usurped}}
Description
The peel is thicker than that of a mikan, but it can be peeled by hand. The skin is very shiny and brightly colored and, once peeled, the flesh gives off a very strong scent. The flesh is slightly sour and more bitter than an orange, but sweeter than a grapefruit.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}
There is a variation grown into a pentagon shape to promote good luck and to revive the popularity of the fruit,{{Cite web|url=https://www.jacom.or.jp/yasai/news/2015/12/151209-28746.php|title=五角形伊予柑で合格めざす！ 「五格いよかん」 日土橘4Hクラブ|website=ニュース|language=ja|access-date=2019-02-04}} also giving it another nickname, Gokaku no Iyokan, which translates into "Pentagonal Iyokan"{{cite web|url=http://designyoutrust.com/in-the-nature/pentagon-shaped-iyokan-citrus-fruits/|title=Pentagon Shaped Iyokan Citrus Fruits|work=Design You Trust. Design, Culture & Society.|url-status=dead|access-date=2014-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122063915/http://designyoutrust.com/in-the-nature/pentagon-shaped-iyokan-citrus-fruits/|archive-date=2014-01-22}} It is sometimes placed into fish feed to mask the fishy flavor.{{cite web|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201312100012|title=To tickle the taste buds, try farmed fish raised on local specialties|work=AJW by The Asahi Shimbun|access-date=2014-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202000341/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201312100012|archive-date=2014-02-02|url-status=dead}}
In Japan, the citrus can be seen during springtime as a seasonal KitKat flavor with messages of "good luck" to students studying for exams on each packet. The name "iyokan" is also a near-homophone for "good feeling" in Japanese, and is used as such in its marketing.{{Cite web|url=https://shop.nestle.jp/front/contents/zyuken2018|title=受験生応援|website=【公式】 ネスレ通販オンラインショップ|language=ja|access-date=2019-02-04|archive-date=2019-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204122329/https://shop.nestle.jp/front/contents/zyuken2018|url-status=dead}}
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://slism.com/calorie/107018/ Nutrition facts]
{{citrus}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q130288}}