JL-1
{{short description|Submarine-launched ballistic missile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name= Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3
| image= JL-1 and JL-2.PNG
| image_size = 250
|caption= JL-1 and JL-2.
|origin=
|type= SLBM
|is_missile= yes
|is_UK=
|service=
|used_by= China
|wars=
|designer= Huang Weilu
|design_date= 1970s
|manufacturer= Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group)
|unit_cost=
|production_date= 1980s
|number=
|variants=
|spec_label=
|weight= {{convert|14700|kg|lb}}
|length= {{convert|10.7|m|ft}}
|part_length=
|width= {{convert|1.4|m|ft}}
|height=
|diameter=
|crew=
|filling= nuclear
|filling_weight=
|detonation=
|yield= 250-500Kt
|armour=
|primary_armament=
|secondary_armament=
|engine=
|engine_power=
|pw_ratio=
|transmission=
|payload_capacity=
|suspension=
|clearance=
|wingspan=
|propellant= Solid fuel
|fuel_capacity=
|vehicle_range= 1,770 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A)
|ceiling=
|altitude=
|depth=
|boost=
|speed=
|guidance= Inertial
|steering=
|accuracy=
|launch_platform= Xia class submarine
|transport=
}}
The Julang-1 ({{zh|c=巨浪-1|p=Jù Làng Yī|l=Huge Wave-1}}, also known as the JL-1; NATO reporting name CSS-N-3) was China's first generation nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). According to a US Department of Defense report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".{{Cite journal|first1=Marcus|last1=Taylor|first2=Eric|last2=Tamerlani|first3=Timothy|last3=Farnsworth|jstor=23629520|title=Pentagon Sees China Progressing on SLBM|date=June 2013|volume=43|issue=5|pages=31–32|journal=Arms Control Today|publisher=Arms Control Association}}
History
Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf-class) submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was Huang Weilu,{{Cite web|url=http://military.cntv.cn/2013/06/09/ARTI1370742007703220_2.shtml|title=中国潜射洲际导弹总师：曾在英国研究V-2导弹_军事频道_央视网|website=military.cntv.cn}} and Chen Deren ({{zh|c=陈德仁}}, 1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.{{Cite journal|first1=Hans M.|last1=Kristensen|first2= Robert S.|last2=Norris|doi=10.1080/00963402.2018.1486620|title=Chinese nuclear forces, 2018|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=74|issue=4|date=2018|pages=289–295|bibcode=2018BuAtS..74d.289K|doi-access=free}}
See also
References
- Norris, Robert, Burrows, Andrew, Fieldhouse, Richard "Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons, San Francisco, Westview Press, 1994, {{ISBN|0-8133-1612-X}}
- Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai, "China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age," Stanford, 1994.
{{Chinese missiles}}
{{Portal bar|Nuclear technology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jl-1}}
Category:Submarine-launched ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China
Category:Nuclear missiles of the People's Republic of China
Category:Cold War weapons of China
Category:Submarine-launched ballistic missiles of the Cold War