Jan Švankmajer

Jan Švankmajer was born in Prague on 4 September 1934.{{cite book |last1=Švankmajer |first1=Jan |title=Jan Švankmajer: Dimensions of Dialogue, Between Film and Fine Art |date=2012 |publisher=Arbor Vitae |location=Řevnice |isbn=978-80-7467-016-9 |page=63 |url=https://archive.org/details/jansvankmajerdim0000svan/page/62/ |access-date=9 June 2024}} His father was a window dresser and his mother a seamstress. His childhood was profoundly influenced by a home puppet theatre,Jan Švankmajer, in: Krčálová M, Sklizeň / Harvest, 2022, p. 24 which he received as an eight-year-old boy for Christmas and gradually made his own puppets and painted the sets. Švankmajer admits that since then, puppets have been firmly embedded in his mental morphology, and he always resorts to them when he feels threatened by the reality of the outside world.Jan Švankmajer, in: F. Dryje, ed., Síla imaginace / Power of imagination, 2001, p. 35 He sees them not only in the context of theatre, but as a ritual symbol used in magic. The ludic principle on which Švankmajer's work is based has its roots in his childhood.Jan Švankmajer, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, p. 17

In 1950-1954 he graduated in scenography at the Higher School of Art Industry in Prague, under Prof. Richard Lander, where he designed and made puppets and sets.Jan Švankmajer, Cesty spasení / Paths of salvation, 2018, p. 194 His classmates were Aleš Veselý and photographer Jan Svoboda. He then studied directing and stage design at the Department of Puppets at the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (1954-1958), where Lander moved to as a teacher at that time. Even during the most rigid Stalinist regime, the atmosphere at the school was liberal and forbidden books on French modern art circulated among the students, brought by the painting teacher Karel Tondl.Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 64 His classmate and friend was the later film director Juraj Herz. At the end of his studies, he took part in a sightseeing trip to Poland, where he saw reproductions of Paul Klee's works for the first time.

During his studies, he staged the folk puppeteers' play Don Šajn (Don Juan) at the then Small Theatre D 34 (1957-1958), led by Emil František Burian. In addition to D 34 theatre, he attended the Liberated Theatre and became acquainted with the works of the Russian avant-garde (Mejerhold, Eisenstein).Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 65 In his graduation performance (C. Gozzi, The King Stag) he used a combination of puppets with live actors in masks. Soon after graduation in 1958, he participated as a puppeteer in Radok's short film Johannes Doctor Faust, inspired by folk puppeteers. During the filming he met composer Zdeněk Liška, cinematographer Svatopluk Malý and designer Vlastimil Beneš. He briefly worked as a director and designer at the State Puppet Theatre in Liberec (the predecessor of Studio Ypsilon).Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 66 In 1958-1960, he completed his compulsory military service in Mariánské Lázně, where he drew and painted intensively (Men, pen, watercolour on pressed paper, 1959).

After returning from the army in 1960, he founded the group Theatre of Masks, which belonged to the Semafor theatre. During the preparation of the first production of Starched Heads, he met Eva Dvořáková, whom he later married. Other productions of the Theatre of Masks were Johannes Doctor Faust, The Collector of Shadows, Circus Sucric. In 1962 he exhibited his drawings in the corridor of the Semafor and Vlastimil Beneš and Zbyněk Sekal, who visited the exhibition, invited him to join the Máj 57 group. He took part in the fourth exhibition of the Máj group in Poděbrady (1961), which was banned after three days, and then exhibited with the members of the group until the end of the 1960s.Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of senses, 1994, p. 99

The avant-garde Theatre of Masks did not fit Semafor's profile as a musical stage. In 1962, Jiří Suchý closed it down, but Emil Radok facilitated the engagement of the entire group of the Theatre of Masks in Magician's Lantern. In this year Jan Švankmajer made his first trip to Paris. In 1963 his daughter Veronika was born. After leaving Semafor, he worked until 1964 as director and head of the Black light theatre company at Magician's Lantern. He directed two performances for the Variations programmes and later also externally for the Magic Circus, The Lost Fairy Tale. At the same time, together with Emil Radok, he was making up scripts for future films.Švankmajer J, 2001, pp. 118-120

In 1964 he made his first short film, The Last Trick, based on the principles of black theatre. It features elements typical of all his subsequent work, such as the dynamic use of montage and the juxtaposition of live actors with animated objects. The film was successful abroad, and in the following years Švankmajer was given the opportunity to make short films combining puppetry, animation and elements of live action. In his early films, composed as short grotesques, black humour and peculiarly interpreted poetics of folk puppet plays prevail.Dryje F, in: Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer, Anima, animus, animation, 1997, p. 10-12 In the second film from 1964, Johann Sebastian Bach: Fantasia in G minor, the visual component is a kind of mannerist informel with a recognizable influence of surrealist photographs by Emila Medková.Jan Švankmajer, in: Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer, Anima, animus, animace, 1997, p. 33 In 1965, he made the film Spiel mit steinen (Playing with Stones) practically alone, with the help of Eva Švankmajerová and cinematographer Petr Puluj in Austria. He tried out various animation techniques, later used, for example, in the film Dimensions of Dialogue. For the Expo 67 competition in Montreal, he made a short film Man and TechniqueBertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 82 and participated in the film Digits by Pavel Procházka. In 1968 the Švankmajer family moved to the house No. 97/5 in Nový svět (Hradčany).Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 81

In 1968, he signed manifesto The Two Thousand Words. After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, the whole family emigrated to Austria at the instigation of Eva Švankmajerová. Here he made his second film in an Austrian production in the studio of Peter Puluj (Picknick mit Weissmann). In 1968, he received the Max Ernst Prize at the Oberhausen Film Festival for his film Historia naturae. In 1969 the family decided to return to Czechoslovakia. In 1970 he met Vratislav Effenberger and together with Eva Švankmajerová they became members of the Surrealist Group in Czechoslovakia.Dryje F: Jiný zrak, in: Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of senses, 1994, p. 9 Between 1971 and 1989 they contributed to samizdat edited anthologies Le-La and catalogues (Open Game, Sphere of Dream, Transformations of Humour, Imaginative Spaces, Opposite of the Mirror).Dagmar Magincová (ed.), 1997, p. 171 After 1989 to the first and only issue of the anthology Gambra and then to the magazine Analogon.[https://slovnikceskeliteratury.cz/showContent.jsp?docId=63 Slovník české literatury po roce 1945 / Dictionary of Czech Literature after 1945: Analogon]

During the short period up to 1970 Švankmajer still managed to make the "Kafkaesque" allegorical short films The Garden, The Apartment and Silent Week in the House, the morbid Ossuary and the "puppet" film Don Šajn (1970), in which marionettes are replaced by live actors who have wires and guide strings attached to their papier-mâché heads, symbolizing the theme of human manipulation and the limitations of individual freedom.Stanislav Ulver, in: F. Dryje, ed., Síla imaginace / The Power of Imagination, 2001, p. 36 After the advent of the normalization regime, Švankmajer's creative work was hampered by censorship and his short films The Garden and The Apartment ended up in the vault. In 1972, as a volunteer, he underwent an experiment with intravenous administration of LSD at the Military Hospital in Prague. The experiment had a devastating effect on him, with anxiety statesBertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 128 that he still recalls in his work 30 years later.[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/oct/19/artsfeatures Jan Švankmajer, Out of my head, The Guardian, 2001]Jan Švankmajer, Droga / Drug, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, pp. 139-141

In 1972-1979 he was banned from filming because he refused to make compromise on the post-production of his film The Castle of Otranto, based on a gothic novel by H. Walpole.Martin Stejskal, in: Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer, Anima, animus, animace, 1997, p. 106 In 1973-1980 he worked as a production designer and film trick maker at Barrandov Studios.Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of senses, 1994, p. 100 In 1975 his son Václav was born. In the 1970s, Jan Švankmajer worked as a stage designer at the Theatre on the Balustrade, the Večerní Brno Theatre, and especially at The Drama Club, where he was invited by Jaroslav Vostrý (Candide, The Educator, Crackle on the Lagoon, The Golden Carriage). Eva Švankmajerová participated in the performances as a costume designer and stage designer. Since 1976 he and his wife Eva have been creating ceramics under the joint pseudonym Kostelec.Eva Švankmajerová, in: Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of senses, 1994, pp. 60–61

As a trick designer and production designer in Barrandov Studios, he collaborated on the films of Oldřich Lipský (Dinner for Adele, 1977, The Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians, 1981) and Juraj Herz (The Ninth Heart, 1978, Upír z Feratu (The Vampire of Ferat), 1981). At the end of his persecution, he filmed two of Poe's short stories, The Fall of the House of Usher and The Pendulum, the Pit and Hope, using themes from the work of Villiers de l'Isle Adam. In 1981 Jan and Eva Švankmajer bought a dilapidated castle in Horní Stankov,[https://mapy.cz/zakladni?source=base&id=1701592&gallery=1&x=13.4182386&y=49.2574516&z=19 Horní Staňkov Castle] where they wanted to set up a ceramics workshop. Since then, they have been gradually reconstructing the castle and transforming it into a surreal Cabinet of Curiosities, consisting of their own artefacts and various collections of art and natural objects. Švankmajer's collecting is a form of self-therapy,Dryje F: Jiný zrak, in: Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of senses, 1994, s. 10 and in addition to found or purchased objects, it includes art from the natural peoples of Africa and Polynesia.

A retrospective of Švankmajer's films from the 1960s attracted international attention at the 1983 FIFA International Film Festival in Annency. He received the Grand Prix and the International Critics' Prize for the Dimensions of Dialogue and the Golden Bear at the Berlinale the same year. Terry Gilliam ranks this film among the ten best animated films of all time.[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/apr/27/culture.features1 Terry Gilliam: The 10 best animated films of all time, Guardian 2001] At home, Švankmajer became a victim of the score settling between the management of Czechoslovak Television and Short Film Prague, and Dimensions of Dialogue was shown to the ideological committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia's Central Committee as a deterrent. After that, he was again unable to work at Short Film studios and went to Bratislava, where he made the film Do pivnice (Into the cellar) in 1983. In the same year, he published his book Hmat a imaginace (Touch and Imagination) in five copies as a samizdat, summarising the results of his tactile experiments since 1974. He managed to secure money abroad for his project Alice, but the studios of Short Film and Barandov were not interested in filming. At that time, the state had a monopoly on all film production. So he turned to Jaromír Kallista, whom he knew as the producer of Magician's Lantern, and asked him if he would direct the project with him as an independent film.

He presented his first feature-length film Alice, which was made during 1987 almost exclusively in a Swiss production (Condor Films), in 1988. The work was a worldwide success and won the Best Animated Feature Award at the Annecy International Animation Film Festival (JICA). At the same time, The Dimensions of Dialogue won the Grand Prize for the best film in the festival history.Marie Benešová, La contamination des sens, Tvar 8, 12.9.1991 In 1990, he made the political grotesque agitprop film The Death of Stalinism in Bohemia and in 1992 the short work Food, in which he comes to terms with his gastronomic obsessions.

In the following years he devoted himself exclusively to directing feature films. The house at 27 Nerudova Street (Malá Strana), where Švankmajer had his film studio, was privatised and he had to leave it in the middle of the filming of The Faust. In 1991, together with Jaromír Kallista, he bought a former cinema in the village of Knovíz and founded his own film studio ATHANOR,[https://filmcommission.cz/cs/director/athanor/ Czech Film Commission: Athanor] where he made next films. At the prestigious Cardiff Animation Film Festival[https://filmfreeway.com/CardiffAnimationFestival Cardiff Animation Festival (CAF)] (1992) he was awarded the First IFA Prize and the BBC presented a show of his animated films over two nights.[https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/d318e71b71594a2b81b51c21fc10735d The Magic Art of Jan Svankmajer, BBC Two, 1992][https://www.johncoulthart.com/feuilleton/2023/01/23/the-magic-art-of-jan-svankmajer/ John Coulthart, The Magic Art of Jan Svankmajer, 2023]Britské pocty Janu Švankmajerovi, Lidové noviny 1.4.1992

In 1994, Švankmajer's second feature film The Faust was premiered, starring Petr Čepek in the dual roles of Faust and Mephisto. Faust, a random man in the crowd, is manipulated by the entire plot and become accustomed to the role of Faust, which he plays to the bitter end. The film is an attempt at actual interpretation of the Faust myth and asks the question of what a man is allowed to know without destroying himself.Ivo Purš, in: Anima, animus, animace, 1997, p. 96 This relationship is highly ambivalent and therefore provokes contradictory interpretations.Jan Švankmajer, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, p. 136 The filming was accompanied by a series of tragic deaths and unexplained circumstances, and Petr Čepek himself completed the film at a time when he was already seriously ill.Jan Švankmajer, in: Anima, animus, animace, 1997, pp. 115-119 For this performance Čepek was awarded the Czech Lion in memoriam. The film was selected for the prestigious out-of-competition screening at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1994, Short Film Prague released a set of 26 Švankmajer's films on cassettes.Tereza Brdečková: Zakázané území - souborné dílo Jana Švankmajera / The Forbidden Territory - The Complete Works of Jan Švankmajer, Respekt 1994, č. 18, s. 15 In Great Britain, Jan Švankmajer received the Lifetime Achievement Award.

In 1996 Švankmajer made Conspirators of Pleasure, a black comedy about people who follow the principle of pleasure and perform harmless imaginative perversions and rituals. He contrasts their personal freedom with the moderating and repressive role of society, education or school. The film is a sarcastic satire on the contemporary world full of sexual perversions and erotic fetishes. Švankmajer has made the most of his many years of artistic experiments on the subject of tactilism. He concluded the film with the words: I believe that black and objective humour, mystification and the cynicism of fantasy are more adequate means of expressing the decadence of the times than the hypocritical, but popular "smell of humanity" in Czech films.

The following film Little Otik (2000) won the Czech Lion for Best Film and Best Art Direction (together with Eva Švankmajerová). In 2003 FAMU awarded Jan Švankmajer the title of Doctor honoris causa.Jan Kerbr, Divadelní noviny 12, 2003, p. 10Michal Bregant: Jan Švankmajer, Doctor honoris causa, Akademie múzických umění, Praha 2003

During 2004, Eva and Jan Švankmajer had a retrospective exhibition Memory of Animation - Animation of Memory in Plzeň and an exhibition called Food in the Prague Castle Riding Hall. Both were a great success with the general public and were considered by critics to be the artistic event of the year.[https://www.novinky.cz/kultura/33309-jan-svankmajer-otevira-bilancni-vystavu-ke-svym-sedmdesatinam.html Peter Kováč, Jan Švankmajer otevírá bilanční výstavu ke svým sedmdesátinám, 2004] A retrospective of 30 of his films was shown as part of the Plzeň Film Festival on the occasion of the author's 70th birthday.Jindřich Rosendorf, Výtvarnou událostí roku je výstava Jana a Evy Švankmajerových v Galerii města Plzně, Lidové noviny 24.2.2004

On 17 November 2005, the film Lunacy premiered, which is conceived as a philosophical horror film inspired by the personality of the Marquis de Sade and the short stories of Edgar Allan Poe. Eva Švankmajerová, who died shortly before the premiere, was awarded the Czech Lion in memoriam for the artistic concept and poster for this film. Their daughter Veronika Hrubá also collaborated on the film. Student Jurry at the Plzeň Film Festival awarded Lunacy as the Best Feature Film. At the 2009 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, Jan Švankmajer received the Crystal Globe for Outstanding Contribution to World Cinema.[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000384/2009/1/ Special Prize for Outstanding Contribution to World Cinema: Jan Švankmajer, KVIFF, 2009]

His last feature film so far, Insects, based on Švankmajer's 1971 short storyJan Švankmajer, Síla imaginace / Power of Imagination, 2001, pp. 213-231 (inspired by the play Pictures from the Insects' Life of the Čapek brothers, with a reference to Kafka's The Metamorphosis), was screened at film festivals in 2018 and had its UK premiere at the Tate Modern.[https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/jan-svankmajer-insects Tate Modern: Jan Švankmajer, Insects] The Rotterdam festival screened Insects in the section Signatures dedicated to great authors and filmmakers.Tomáš Stejskal: Švankmajer's Insect is like another cabinet of curiosities. A film about the decline of civilization premieres in Rotterdam, 2018 Jan Švankmajer has established an exclusive position in the history of cinema and is recognized as one of the few contemporary Czech filmmakers abroad.Radka Polenská: Švankmajer překračuje společenská tabu / Švankmajer breaks social taboos, iDNES 14.3.2007, B6 By 2018, he had received 36 awards and 17 nominations for his films worldwide, including the 2018 Raymond Roussel Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Film, awarded by the Raymond Roussel Society in Barcelona.[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0840905/awards Internet Movie Database: Jan Švankmajer, overview of awards]

Since 1970, Jan Švankmajer has participated in the activities of the Surrealist Group in Czechoslovakia and is the chairman of the editorial board of the Analogon magazine (104 issues until 2024),[https://analogon.cz/predplatne Analogon magazine] to which he also contributes. In 1990, he participated in the collective exhibition of the Surrealist Group The Third Ark in Prague's Mánes. Since 1991 he has been a member of Mánes Union of Fine Arts. He animates his films alone (The Fall of the House of Usher) or in collaboration with top animators such as Vlasta Pospíšilová and Bedřich Glaser. In his feature films, he has collaborated with friends from his time at The Drama Club (Jiří Hálek, Petr Čepek) and other proven actors (Jan Kraus, Jiří Lábus, Pavel Nový, Jan Tříska, Martin Huba, Pavel Liška, Václav Helšus, Anna Geislerová, Veronika Žilková, Klára Issová, etc.).

Jan Švankmajer uncompromisingly defends his personal freedom and rejects any official awards granted by state authorities. In 1989 he rejected the Merited Artist award, in the 1990s the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and in 2011 the award proposed by Václav Havel. He considers the state as a source of organized violence and means of oppression and manipulation.Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 421

Eva Švankmajerová participated in some of the films as a stage and production designer. Their son Václav Švankmajer is also a filmmaker, including The Torchbearer. He contributed to the artwork for the film Insects (2018). Švankmajer's daughter Veronika Hrubá collaborated as a costume designer on the films Lunacy (Czech Lion Award), Surviving Life, and Insects.[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/lide/veronika-hruba/ Czech TV: Veronika Hrubá]

• 1964 Awards at film festivals in Bergamo, Mannheim, Tours, Buenos Aires
• 1965 Third Prize for short film Cannes Film Festival - (J.S. Bach - Fantasia G-moll)
• 1966 Josef von Sternberg Award, Mannheim-Heidelberg International Filmfestival - (Rakvičkárna (Punch and Judy)
• 1967 Festival of short films Karlovy Vary, Trilobit Award
• 1968 Max Ernst Prize, International Short Film Festival Oberhausen - (Historia naturae)
• 1983 Grand Prix, International Critic´s Prize, Annecy International Animation Film Festival, Golden Bear, Berlinale - (Dimensions of Dialogue)
• 1984 Jury Prize, Montreal World Film Festival - (The Pendulum, the Pit and Hope)
• 1985 Critic´s Prize, Fantasporto - (The Pendulum, the Pit and Hope)
• 1989 Grand Prix, Cinanima (International Animated Film Festival, Portugal) - (Darkness/Light/Darkness), Feature Film Award, Annecy International Animation Film Festival - (Alice)
• 1990 Honorable mention for short film, Berlinale - (Darkness/Light/Darkness)
• 1990 Prix special for previous works (best film of 30 years of presentations of animated films), ASIFA
• 1994 Special jury prize, nomination: Crystal Globe (Karlovy Vary International Film Festival) - (Faust)
• 1994 Czech Lion Award for outstanding contribution to Czech cinema, nomination: Best director, Best script - (Faust)
• 1995 Lifetime Achievement Award, Great Britain, Best special effects, Fantasporto, Annual Czech Film Critics Award Kristián - (Faust)
• 1996 Youth Jury Award, Locarno Film Festival
• 1997 Golden Gate Persistence of Vision Award, San Francisco International Film Festival[https://history.sffs.org/awards_tributes/search.php?search_by=6&searchfield=Jan+%C5%A0vankmajer&x=41&y=9 Golden Gate Persistence of Vision Award: Jan Švankmajer, 1997]
• 2001 Czech Lion Award, KVIFF: Best design, nomination: Best director, Best script - (Little Otik)
• 2001 Andrzej Wajda Freedom Prize, American Cinema Foundation[https://garymcvey.com/andrezej-wajda.php Andrzej Wajda Freedom Prize: Jan Švankmajer (2001)]
• 2002 Annual Czech Film Critics Award Kristián - (Little Otik)
• 2006 Award for Lifetime Contribution to the Development of Audiovisual Culture FITES
• 2006 Award for the best artistic achievement, Sun in a Net Award, Slovak FTA - (Lunacy)
• 2009 Crystal Globe (Karlovy Vary International Film Festival) For outstanding artistic contribution to world cinema
• 2010 Czech Lion Award - Best Artwork, Czech Film Critics' Award - nomination: Best director, Best script - (Surviving Life)
• 2010 Award for lifetime contribution to cinematography, 5th European Film Festival in Segovia, Spain[https://english.radio.cz/svankmajer-awarded-lifes-work-segovia-8383164 Švankmajer awarded for life’s work in Segovia, Radio Prague International, 2010]
• 2012 Best Artwork, Sun in a Net Award, Slovak FTA - (Surviving Life)
• 2014 Award of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF), Karlovy Vary[https://www.lidovky.cz/orientace/kultura/svankmajer-prevzal-alchymistickou-cenu-federace-filmovych-archivu.A140710_161846_ln_kultura_hep?zdroj=LN_vybava_lidovky Čas je jediný arbitr, říká oceněný filmař a animátor Švankmajer, Lidovky, 2014]
• 2018 Czech Lion Award - Best film script - (Insects), nomination: Best director - (Insects)
• 2018 Czech Film Critics' Award for best audiovisual achievement - (Insects)
• 2018 Medal of Raymond Roussel for Lifetime Achievement in Film, Barcelona
• 2019 Best stage design, Sun in a Net Award, Slovak FTA - (Insects)
• 2020 Czech Lion Award nomination: Best documentary (Alchymická pec)[https://www.csfd.cz/tvurce/3305-jan-svankmajer/oceneni/ Česko Slovenská filmová databáze: Jan Švankmajer][https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/14058432594-alchymicka-pec/ Alchymická pec, Czech TV]

Švankmajer's hard-to-classify artistic style developed in the 1960s in parallel with his work in the theatre and animated films. Jan Švankmajer's early drawings were inspired by Paul Klee. Around 1960, he briefly dealt with structural abstraction,J. Š., in: Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation ov senses, 1994, s. 13 but soon returned to figuration and from the late 1960s onwards embraced surrealism. His objects from the early 1960s can be classified as informel only formally, on the basis of similarities in expressivity and surface structure, but in reality they were real objects, subjected to a process of transformation as "accelerated aging" or ornamentation.Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 105–107 However, his preoccupation with informel runs through his entire film oeuvre, as macro details of scratched walls and age-marked objects, or the sudden transformation of things into undifferentiated matter, form a significant part of the visual form of his animated films. His Springs objects - usually shoes, mineralized in Karlovy Vary spring water - date from 2009.Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 108–111

He became a member of the Surrealist Group, which was formed around Vratislav Effenberger, at a time when the group was going through a crisis. After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, the ban on publishing was reinstated, many people went into exile and others resigned from the group. At the same time, the Surrealist movement in France disintegrated. Jan and Eva Švankmajer had a significant influence on the revival of the activities of the Surrealist Group. The group's interest in all kinds of imaginative experiments was the basis for the creation of collective anthologies devoted to the themes of interpretation, analogy, eroticism and tactilism. Švankmajer considers imagination to be a gift that humanizes man.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, p. 17

As artist, he was later influenced by the Surrealists Max Ernst, R. Magritte, G. Chirico, of the older ones Hieronymus Bosch and especially the Mannerism of Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Švankmajer's films Playing with Stones, Historia naturae and Dimensions of Dialogue have a direct connection with the principles of Arcimboldo's Mannerist painting. His collections of curiosities (similar to Rudolf II's kunstkomora), folk puppetry, naive folk art, African and Polynesian masks and fetishes, and art brut are strong and lasting inspirations.

He is interested in the authenticity of folk puppetry and the magic associated with puppets, rather than puppets as mere artistic devices or props for animation. The puppet and the thread or guide wire, as an analogy of man's destiny and his connection to something above him that determines his fate, are known from various religions and myths. It is a space for the realization of the "impossible", incompatible with good education, for the realization of even seemingly incredible dreams. The child-puppeteer is thus in fact a shaman, a god and a creator.Jan Švankmajer, Apoteóza loutkového divadla, in: Cesty spasení / The Apotheosis of Puppet Theatre, in: Paths of Salvation 2018, s. 191–193

He cites the French Poète maudit, German Romanticism (Novalis, E. T. A. Hoffmann), and the Surrealists (A. Breton, K. Teige, B. Péret, V. Effenberger) as major literary sources. The literary inspiration for Švankmajer's films were the works of Lewis Caroll, E. A. Poe, Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam or Marquis de Sade. His interpretation of other authors' literary works is ultimately a subjective account that preserves only the terrors, dreams, and infantilism of the world he shares with them.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 39–41

In Švankmajer´s film work, his sense of the concrete irrationality of plots corresponds to some of the types of aggressive cinematic civilism that was applied in the works of the directors of the Czechoslovak "New Wave" (Miloš Forman, Pavel Juráček). His work shares a certain "oppositional" attitude with the films of the Czechoslovak New Wave of the 1960s, but otherwise escapes any classification.Hames P, The Case of Jan Švankmajer, in: Peter Hames, Czechoslovak New Wave, 2008, p. 235 Among world theatre directors and filmmakers, he was inspired by the Russian avant-garde theatre artists V. Meyerhold, A. Tairov and Bauhaus artist O. Schlemmer, by filmmakers S. Eisenstein and D. Vertov. He described films Un Chien Andalou, L'Age d'Or by Buñuel and Dalí, Amarcord, Roma (1972 film) by F. Fellini and, among the works close to animation, the films of Méliès and David Bowers as a defining cinematic experience. Of contemporary directors, he is close to David Lynch or the Quay brothers.

Švankmajer makes films only when they are finished in his imagination, but during the shooting process he does not stick to the script, he looks for new sources of inspiration and tries to reach an acceptable compromise with the original intention. He himself states that filmmaking is a kind of self-therapy, and in his works he repeatedly comes to terms with his idiosyncrasies, anxieties and obsessions that originated in his childhood.Posedlost Jana Švankmajera / The obsession of Jan Švankmajer, Lidové noviny 16.10.1993 His preference for "decadent genres" such as folk puppets and sets, fair-ground mechanical targets, and black novels is at the root of his anti-aesthetic attitude towards filmmaking. Not only his films, but also his collages, prints, ceramics and three-dimensional objects are based on his infantile worldview, which took the form of a puppet stage with symmetrically cut sets and figures hanging on strings.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, s. 84-87 The alchemical and kabbalistic history of Prague is an undoubted inspiration for him, and his work builds on these sources and combines it with surrealism. Surrealism and Mannerism, which are anchored in the duality of opposites - rationalism with the irrational, sensualism with spiritualism, tradition with innovation, convention with revolt - create the necessary tension for creative activity.Georgia Chryssouli, Surreálně lidské: svět sebeničivých loutek Jana Švankmajera, Loutkář 1, 2016, s. 9-11 In his view, Surrealism represents a contemporary form of Romanticism that restores art to its magical dignity.

Švankmajer strives to make his films, even in their most fantastic moments, look like records of reality. As a filmmaker, he is particularly renowned for his ability to animate any material. He sees film animation not as a technique, but as a magical means capable of animating inanimate matter and thus realising an original infantile desire.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, p. 80Jan Švankmajer, in: S. Ulver, Mediumní kresby, fetiše a film, Film a doba 2008, p. 158-160 In his conception, animation is a transformation or transmutation of matter - from an object to its parts or essence and vice versa, and is close to alchemy. As a hermeticist, he believes that objects touched by people in moments of heightened sensibility have an inner life of their own and somehow preserve the contents of the subconscious. In The Fall of the House of Usher, he replaced people with objects that became vehicles for the plot and the emotions of the acting characters and the atmosphere of the story.

According to Effenberger, the secret of Švankmajer's imaginative humour lies in the fact that when he juxtaposes lyrical pathos and raw reality, the rawness fades along with the pathos and lyrical reality becomes what it is in the eyes of a child or a poet. In the alternation of genres, the cementing thread in his films is the dream logic, where apparent contingencies take on the form of inescapable fatality and guide the viewer smoothly through the story - the dream. There are no logical transitions between dream and reality, only the physical act of opening and closing the eyelids.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 25, 28

Švankmajer's films are subversive and do not conform to any taboos, conventions or prescriptions of reason. They are a rebellion against the consumerist world, a radical revolution, a liberation from rigid reality and a return to the world of free play.Petr Fischer, Revoluce imaginace, Lidové noviny 9.3.2002 He sees destruction as a creative way of challenging rationality, but his conception of surrealism is exclusive and autonomous. According to Švankmajer, surrealism is a realism that seeks the reality beneath the surface of things and phenomena. What is above reality, meets with hermeticism and psychoanalysis.Stanislav Ulver, interview with Jan Švankmajer, Film a doba 1, 2015, p. 8-13 The author maintains absolute freedom and does not calculate with the taste of the audience - he himself says that he is indifferent whether five or five million viewers come to see his film.Jan Švankmajer: Civilizace jednou zkolabuje, DNES 28.6.2008 His work has also influenced several foreign filmmakers, such as Tim Burton, Terry Gilliam, the Quay brothers, and Henry Selick.Darina Křivánková: Jan Švankmajer, Reflex 27, 2009, s. 59

...the theme of freedom, the only theme for which it is still worth picking up a pen, brush or camera...Jan Švankmajer, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, p. 113

...it is not worth striving for less than absolute freedom. Society will truncate it beyond recognition in the process anyway. If you start lower than at absolute freedom, you will have no freedom at the end.Jan Švankmajer, Paths of Salvation, 2018, p. 129

...the creative act gives meaning and rebellion (revolt) dignity to life. ibid. p. 362

...I think that without revolt a normal, decent person cannot live. There is no society that is so ideal that one does not have to revolt against it...Hynek Glos, Petr Vizina, 2016, p. 77

File:Jan-Švankmajer-2012.jpg

• The Last Trick (1964), color 11;30 min., KF Prague[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/10749745829-posledni-trik-pana-schwarcewalldea-a-pana-edgara/ Jan Švankmajer: Poslední trik pana Schwarcewalldea a pana Edgara, Česká televize]
• Johann Sebastian Bach: Fantasia in G minor (1965), B&W 9;30 min., KF Prague, Jury Prize at Cannes Film Festival[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7Fv8ksx-Vs Jan Švankmajer: Johann Sebastian Bach - Fantasia G-moll, video]
• A Game with Stones (Spiel mit steinen, 1965), color 8 min., Studio A, Linz[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRKZL9YNfOk Jan Svankmajer (1965): A Game With Stones, video]
• Rakvičkárna (Punch and Judy, 1966), color 10 min., KF Prague, Jiří Trnka Studio[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/1000520656-rakvickarna/ Jan Švankmajer: Rakvičkárna, Česká televize]
• Et cetera (1966) color 7;15 min., KF Prague, Jiří Trnka Studio[https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2gudt Jan Švankmajer: Et cetera, video]
• Historia naturae (1967), color 9 min., KF Prague, Max Ernst Prize, FF Oberhausen[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IycADMdMD8k Jan Švankmajer: Historia naturae, video]
• The Garden (1968), B&W 19 min., KF Prague[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/10224827459-zahrada/ Jan Švankmajer: Zahrada, Česká televize]
• Picnic with Weissmann (1968), color 13 min., Studio A, Linz[https://vimeo.com/147493716 Jan Svankmajer: Picnic with Weissmann, video]
• The Flat (1968), B&W 12;30 min., KF Prague[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/26455-byt/ Jan Švankmajer: Byt, Česká televize]
• A Quiet Week in the House (1969), color 19 min., KF Prague, Jiří Trnka Studio[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzL_srXKFQQ Jan Švankmajer: Tichý týden v domě, video]
• The Ossuary (1970), B&W 10 min., KF Prague[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/29271-kostnice/ Jan Švankmajer: Kostnice, Česká televize]
• Don Juan (1970), color 31 min., KF Praha[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBArI0rb_RU Jan Švankmajer: Don Šajn, video]
• Jabberwocky (1971), color 13 min., KF Prague for Western Wood Studio, USA[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8F1anpTxkmQ Jan Švankmajer: Jabberwocky, YouTube video]
• Leonardo's Diary (1972), color 11 min., KF Praha, Jiří Trnka Studio, Corona Cinematografica Roma[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/10109400351-leonarduv-denik/20638253575/ Jan Švankmajer: Leonardův deník, Česká televize]
• Castle of Otranto (1977), color 17 min., KF Prague, Jiri Trnka Studio[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2559PzLsZc Jan Švankmajer: Otranský zámek, video]
• The Fall of the House of Usher (film, 1980) (1980), B&W 15 min., KF Prague, Jiri Trnka Studio[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/1001286352-zanik-domu-usheru/ Jan Švankmajer: Zánik domu Usherů, Česká televize]
• Dimensions of Dialogue (1982), color 11;30 min., KF Prague, Jiri Trnka Studio[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-gGpWpra-g Jan Švankmajer: Možnosti dialogu, YouTube]
• Do pivnice (Into the Cellar) (1982), color 15 min., SFT Bratislava[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErFd0v48E3E Jan Švankmajer: Do pivnice, YouTube video]
• The Pendulum, the Pit and Hope (1983), b&w 15 min., KF Praha, Studio Jiří Trnka, collaboration on production design by Eva Švankmajerová[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-b_79Zp75g Jan Švankmajer: Kyvadlo, jáma a naděje, YouTube video]
• Manly Games (1988), color 12 min., KF Prague, Jiří Trnka Studio[https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/25442-muzne-hry/290330993378802/ Jan Švankmajer: Mužné hry, Česká televize]
• Another Kind of Love (1988), color 3;33 min., Virgin Records, Nomad Films, Koninck International[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CKsZArfoEs Jan Švankmajer: Another Kind of Love, video]
• Tma / Světlo / Tma (Dark / Light/ Dark (1989), color 8 min., KF Praha, Jiri Trnka Studio[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iyvbp0_VgwQ Jan Švankmajer: Tma, světlo, tma, video]
• Meat Love (1989), color 1 min., MTV USA, Nomad Films, Koninck International[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_Xqnmk5Zic Jan Švankmajer: Zamilované maso, video]
• Flora (1989), color 0;20 min., MTV USA[https://vimeo.com/250614972 Jan Švankmajer: Flora, video]
• Self Portrait (1989), color 1 min., Canada, Czech Republic, Japan, USA[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utT9ut8P-p0 Jan Švankmajer: Autoportrét, video]
• The Death of Stalinism in Bohemia (1990), color 10 min., J. Kallista and Jan Švankmajer for BBC, Nomad Films[https://vimeo.com/150511388 Jan Švankmajer: Konec stalinismu v Čechách, video]
• Food (1992), color 17 min., J. Kallista and Jan Švankmajer for Channel 4, Heart of Europe Prague, Koninck International[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYwAzLlUbV8 Jan Švankmajer:Food on YouTube]

• Something from Alice (1988), color 84 min., Condor Film Zürich, Hessischer Rundfunk, Channel 4, Eva Švankmajerová collaborated on the production design
• Faust (1994), color 95 min., Athanor s.r.o., co-production Heart o Europe Prague, Lumen Films, BBC Bristol, Koninck Int., Pandora Films, co-production Eva Švankmajerová
• Conspirators of Pleasure (1996), color 78 min., Athanor s.r.o, co-production DelFilm, Koninck Int., costumes Eva Švankmajerová
• Little Otik (2000), color 125 min., Athanor s.r.o., co-production UK, received three Czech Lions in the categories Best Film, Art Design and Poster (2001), costumes Eva Švankmajerová
• Lunacy (2005), color 118 min., costumes Eva Švankmajerová, Czech Oscar nomination[https://dafilms.cz/director/10157-jan-svankmajer Da Films: Jan Švankmajer]
• Surviving Life (2010), color 105 min, world premiere at Venice Film Festival).[https://www.kviff.com/cs/program/film/236205-prezit-svuj-zivot/ MFF Karlovy Vary: Přežít svůj život]
• Insects (2018), color 98 min., world premiere at International Film Festival Rotterdam.[http://kultura.idnes.cz/svankmajer-chysta-film-hmyz-za-40-milionu-inspiraci-mu-je-capek-p6z-/filmvideo.aspx?c=A110425_172541_filmvideo_jaz Švankmajer chystá film Hmyz za 40 milionů, inspirací mu je Čapek], IDnes.cz, 25. dubna 2011[http://www.radio.cz/fr/rubrique/faits/jan-svankmajer-prepare-une-comedie-qui-donnera-le-frisson Jan Švankmajer prépare une comédie qui donnera le frisson], Radio.cz, 03-05-2011, Václav Richter {{in lang|fr}}[http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/kultura/279907-svankmajer-filmy-jake-delam-tahle-civilizace-nepotrebuje/ Švankmajer: Filmy, jaké dělám, tahle civilizace nepotřebuje], ČT 24, 11. 7. 2014

• 1958 Johannes Dr. Faust (directed by Emil Radok), puppet actor
• 1965 Digits (directed by Pavel Procházka), production designer

• 1977 Dinner for Adele, director Oldřich Lipský, art and animation by Jan Švankmajer
• 1978 The Ninth Heart, director Juraj Herz, art collaboration and subtitles Jan Švankmajer, Eva Švankmajerová
• 1981 Upír z Feratu (The Vampire of Ferat), director Juraj Herz, original car engine design Jan Švankmajer
• 1981 The Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians, director Oldřich Lipský, art by Švankmajer, animation by Bedřich Glaser
• 1983 Návštěvníci (TV series), director Jindřich Polák, art by Jan Švankmajer, animation by Bedřich Glaser
• 1983 Three Veterans, director Oldřich Lipský, art by Jan Švankmajer, animation Bedřich Glaser

• Jan Svankmajer: The Ossuary and Other Tales (USA, Canada, 2013), DVD includes The Last Trick, Don Juan, The Garden, Historia Naturae, Johann Sebastian Bach, The Ossuary, Castle of Otranto, Darkness/Light/Darkness, and Manly Games.
• Jan Švankmajer, The complete short films. 1, Early shorts 1964-72. 2, Late shorts 1979-92. 3, Extras, BFI DVD Publishing, United Kingdom 2007
• Peter A. Hames (Editor), The Cinema of Jan Švankmajer: Dark Alchemy, 224 pp, Wallflower Press 2008, {{ISBN|9781905674459}}
• Jan Švankmajer, text by Lorenzo Codeli et al., cat. 128 p., Stamperia Stefanoni Bergamo 1997 (filmography overview)
• Jan Švankmajer: Het ludicatief principe, text by Edwin Carels et al., 72 p., 1991 (filmography overview)

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAiJHEZpdAo Bertrand Schmitt and Michel Leclerc: Les chimères des Švankmajer - Documentaire 2001, TV France]
• Alchymická pec / Alchemical Furnace, 2020, directors Adam Oľha, Jan Daňhel, dokumentary film on Athanor, Jan Švankmajer, Eva Švankmajer, Jaromír Kallista, and others[https://www.csfd.cz/film/814765-alchymicka-pec/prehled/ ČSFD: Alchymická pec][https://kviff.tv/catalog/alchemical-furnace KVIFF TV: Alchemical Furnaca]
• Kunstkamera, 2022, 51 (113) min., pictorial guide to the work of Jan Švankmajer at Staňkov Castle.[https://www.csfd.cz/film/1210372-kunstkamera/prehled/ ČSFD: Kunstkamera, 2022]

• The Cabinet of Jan Svankmajer, 1984 British surreal short stop-motion film by the Quay Brothers, a homage to Jan Švankmajer

File:Jan Švankmajer, Houba (objekt), 1966.jpg

During his studies at secondary school, Jan Švankmajer was influenced by interwar surrealism and later especially by Paul Klee. At the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, he briefly turned to structural abstraction as an artist (Corossion, 1960, Slope, 1961).Mahulena Nešlehová (ed.), Český informel, Průkopníci abstrakce z let 1957–1964 / Czech Informel, Pioneers of Abstraction 1957-1964, 268 p., Prague City Gallery, SGVU Litoměřice, 1991Dryje F: Jiný zrak, in: Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů, 1994, s. 7 Informel, however, was only the starting point from which he returned to concrete reality (The Great Corrosion, 1963). He gradually replaced existential melancholy with black humour and the creation of three-dimensional objects (Bottle-Drowned, 1964, Hourglass Isolation, 1964, Three Heads, 1965).Jan Švankmajer, in: F. Dryje, ed., Síla imaginace / Power of Imagination, 2001, s. 13-16

From the mid-1960s onwards, information about foreign art reached Czechoslovakia, and Švankmajer was able to get acquainted with the works of Max Ernst, René Magritte and other surrealists. At the same time, he also discovered Rudolphine Mannerism, which influenced his late Informel. Arcimboldo became a lifelong obsession for him and the inspiration for many of his artworks, especially his collages and three-dimensional assemblages. He also dedicated a short film to him, Historia naturae (1967), which was associated with the creation of collages (Švank-meyers Bilderlexikon), etchings (Natural History) and objects (Natural History Cabinet) on the theme of fantasy zoology.

After Jan Švankmajer and his wife joined the Surrealist Group around Vratislav Effenberger, from 1971 to 1989 he contributed as author of texts and illustrations to anthologies and catalogues published by the group as samizdats (Otevřená hra / Open Game, Sféra snu / Sphere of Sleep, Proměny humoru / Transformations of Humour, Obrazotvorné prostory / Imaginative Spaces, Opak zrcadla / Opposite Mirror, Gambra / Gambra). At that time, he also experimented with spatial collage (the nativity scene The Birth of Antichrist, 1971) and, from 1974, especially with the tactile sense. In his writings, he consistently refuses to identify Surrealism with an aesthetic derived from certain founding figures or to reduce it to Surrealist artistic practices, but considers Surrealism to be a "world attitude" as an amalgam of philosophy, ideology, psychology, and magic, and therefore remains relevant.Švankmajer J, 2001, p. 129 According to him, act of creation is the result of psychic automatism or the materialization of an inner model. The idea is only a part of the creative process, not an impulse to it (Jan Švankmajer: The Ten Commandments).[https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/read/56336993/jan-svankmajer-desatero Jan Švankmajer: The Ten Commandments (in Czech)] Even in the making of a film, the script serves only as a starting point, but the process of filming itself awakens unplanned images in the unconscious and the final form is created only by the "chaotic authenticity" of the creative process.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, s. 231-233

Švankmajer's Manifesto of New Applied Art, entitled The Magic of Objects (1979-1991), is an attempt to legalize irrationality in this field of art and to return the magical dimension to the outwardly utilitarian activity. Functionalism represented "hygienic purification", which returned applied art to the zero point. Surrealism began to occupy the space thus cleared and items of daily use were created that retained their utilitarian function without losing their magic.Jan Švankmajer, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, p. 196-197 Ceramics, which he and Eva Švankmajerová had been working on in the 1970s, was understood this way. The initial impulse was to create the objects of his desire and to satisfy his frustration with the unavailability of the objects of the Rudolf´s Kunstkammer, while eating from them or storing objects in them.Jan Švankmajer, Nádobí / Utensils, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, p. 200

Collages have been one of Švankmajer's key artistic devices since the 1960s. He understands them as a technical and at the same time noetic principle and, in addition to art cycles or spatial assemblages, he often uses them in short and feature films. The polarity of his creative expression lies in the connection between the high and the low, the aggressive and the lyrical, the fatal and the grotesque.Alena Nádvorníková, in: Imaginativní oko, imaginativní ruka, 2001, p. 58

In the early 1970s he began to create the Svank-meyers Bilderlexikon, as a kind of encyclopedia of the alternative world, including fictional fauna and flora, technical devices, architecture, ethnography and cartography. Švankmajer's significant inspiration is nature, from whose register he selects at will and creates anatomical re-creations of fanciful animal and bird creatures.Jan Kříž, in: Imaginativní oko, imaginativní ruka, 2001, p. 6 After two years of intensive work, the Bilderlexikon project remained a mere torso, and in the early 1970s there was no chance of publishing it in print. Therefore, the author selected ten collages and converted them by hand into graphic etching. The Bilderlexikon, which the author continued to develop in later years, includes the cycles Geography, Zoology, Technology (Masturbation Machine, 1972-1973), Architecture, Unconventional anatomy (1998), and Insects (Hexapoda) (2018). In 2016, he followed up his cartographic series with the collages', in which he pasted depictions of skin diseases from a medical atlas into historical maps (Sick Maps, 2016).

The collage series The Great Adventure Novel (1997-1999) was created as a reminiscence of his youthful predilection for adventure novels and a tribute to Max Ernst. Švankmajer first illustrated and redrew the illustrations and eventually used them as part of his collages.

In 1999, jointly with Eva Švankmajerová, he created a series of coloured lithographs with fantasy themes as part of a collective game invented by the Surrealists (Cadavre exquis, 1999). These works combine the liberating element of play with a critical analysis of psychosocial contents at different levels of consciousness. In 2000, he created a series of collages entitled Yet Nothing Happens, in which the red head of the devil appears as a memento in romantic illustrations from the turn of the century.

File:Jan Švankmajer, Přírodopis, Tab. 1 (1973), lept.jpg|Natural Science, Tab. 1 (1973), etching

File:Jan Švankmajer, Přírodopis, Tab. 2 (1973), lept.jpg|Natural Science, Tab. 2 (1973), etching

File:Jan Švankmajer, Přírodopis, Tab. 7 (1973), lept.jpg|Natural Science, Tab. 7 (1973), etching

File:Jan Švankmajer, Bilderlexikon - Hexapoda 4 (2016), litografie.jpg|Bilderlexikon - Hexapoda 4 (2016), litography

File:Jan Švankmajer, Bilderlexikon - Hexapoda 5 (2023), litografie.jpg|Bilderlexikon - Hexapoda 5 (2023), litography

File:Jan Švankmajer, Masturbační stroj Dana (1972), akvatinta.jpg|Masturbation Machine Dana (1972), akvatint

File:02. Jan Švankmajer, Arcimboldeskní hlava, kolorovaná akvatinta, 70 x 50 cm, 1975.jpg|Arcimboldesque head, 1975, colored akvatint

File:Jan Švankmajer, Japonské strašidlo 3 (2011), dřevoryt.jpg|Japanese Ghost 3 (2011), woodcut

File:16. Jan Švankmajer, Erotická koláž, 42 x 52 cm, 2016.jpg|Erotic collage, 2016

File:Jan Švankmajer, Slintající pes (2023), litografie.jpg|Drooling Dog (2023), litography

At the same time Švankmajer was also engaged in coloured frottage (Man Greets a Demon, 1999) and collaged some frottage (Two Dogs, 1999). In his texts he increasingly deals with the warning signs of the crisis of civilization and the unfortunate state of human society.Jan Švankmajer, Paths of Salvation, 2018

After the Prague Art Brut exhibition in 1998, Jan Švankmajer became interested in Art Brut artists and became a collector of these worksBertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, p. 371 and together with Eva Švankmajerová began to create medium drawings.Janda J, 2004, p. 189 They are usually based on frottage, created from randomly scattered substrates, similarly to fortune-telling from lines in the palm of the hand, coffee grounds, animal entrails, etc. This is followed by a kind of passive interpretation, where the hand complements this base with a drawing. Gradually an automatic ornament asserts itself, which is not merely decorative, but captures a certain "rhythm of the soul".Jan Švankmajer, Mediumní kresby / Medium drawings, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, s. 71 In this way, the medium's drawing approaches something archetypal, touching on the music of natural peoples, primal jazz, nursery rhymes and chants.Jan Švankmajer, in: Imaginativní oko, imaginativní ruka, 2001, p. 42Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, p. 236-237 A side line is a series of drawings combined with collage, which the artist, in connection with his other compulsive obsession, called the Scatological Cycle (2017).

File:20. Jan Švankmajer, Hovno pozorující svět, akvarel, tužka, inkoust, 42 x 29,5 cm, 2017.jpg|Shit watching the world, frottage, watercolour, ink, 2017

File:12. Jan Švankmajer, Karel Šebek dnes, asambláž 57 x 43 x 12 cm, 2015.jpg|Karel Šebek today, assemblage, 2015

File:13. Jan Švankmajer, Manfrede, míra tvých zločinů je dovršena, asambláž 75 x 103 x 9 cm, 2015.jpg|Manfred, the measure of your crimes is complete, assemblage, 2015

File:19. Jan Švankmajer, Nepatřičná anatomie, komb. technika 51 x 41 x 7 cm, 2017.jpg|Inappropriate anatomy, combined technique, 2017

File:22. Jan Švankmajer, Decentní felace, asambláž, tuš na papíře, 31,5 x 45 cm, 2017.jpg|Decent fellatio, assemblage, ink on paper, 2017

In the 1970s, when Švankmajer was not allowed to make films, he looked for other ways to make a living. Eva Švankmajerová, who came from Kostelec nad Černými lesy, where there is a strong tradition of pottery, was close to ceramics. Together they started to create majolica and engobe clay pottery under the "pottery brand" JE and EJ Kostelec. The ceramic objects conceal cavities (Little and Big Demon, 1990) and invite exploration of the contents, but also touching, stroking or caressing, thus connecting key points of human sensuality. Some replicate various objects from Švankmajer's collections in the form of metaphors, thus representing ceramic rebirths of the original models (Arcimboldo's Head, 1981, Beethoven Portrayed by Arcimboldo, 1993).Alena Nádvorníková, in: Transmutace smyslů, 1994, s. 58-59

Jan Švankmajer considered their joint ceramic work to be an attempt to "return the outwardly utilitarian activity to its magical dimension and the legality to irrationality. The shape of the plate, cutlery, etc., can be used to evoke a number of associations during a meal and to eroticize the whole process of eating or to make it a cannibalistic-aggressive act."Jan Švankmajer, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, p. 121

Švankmajer's objects encompass a range of artistic techniques, including ceramics combined with various objects (Masochistic alchemy, 1966). In the second half of the 1990s, he created the Alchemy series (Distillation, Fifth Essence, 1996). Objects in glass vitrines often depict some form of dialogue (Dialogue of bald, 1994, Dialogue on Life and Death, 1996), they are a reference to famous surrealist works (Eva's Shoes - a tribute to Méret Oppenheim, 2008) or represent a persiflage of the key Rosecrucian symbol of the mystical wedding - the fusion of king and queen, in the form of an assemblage of heterogeneous elements including an alchemical retort, shoes, brushes, bones, skull, etc. (Alchemical Wedding, 1994).Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, pp. 310-311

File:Jan Švankmajer, Masochistická alchymie (1966).jpg|Masochistic alchemy (1966)

File:Jan Švankmajer, Dialog plešatých (1994).jpg|Dialogue of bald (1994)

File:Jan Švankmajer, Bílá alchymie (1994-1996).jpg|White alchemy (1994-1996)

Švankmajer's imagination, which allows him to animate any kind of material, also allows him to freely use materials when assembling puppets. He created the stone precursors of his puppets from coloured stones in his film Playing with Stones (1965) and later used a similar principle to build his gestural puppets from ceramic clay. The puppet thus lost its initially unambiguous character, ceased to be an actor and became a symbol, a kind of multi-significant "proto-fetish" (Marionette of the Unknown God, 2002, Death - a puppet from the series Knight, Death and the Devil, a tribute to Albrecht Dürer, 2012).

Unlike gestural painting, gestural sculpture is not mediated by any instrument and is a pure expression of the emotional and psychological state of the creator. In this work with matter, the primary concern is not visual sensation and aesthetic impact, but the record (fossil, diary) of immediate emotion. Gestural sculpture is intended to evoke associations linked to the sense of touch, to expand the field of tactile perception and to explore previously uncharted areas. The results are tactile objects designed to massage the body and to explore hitherto unknown erogenous zones, tactile portraits, tactile objects inspired by dreams and concealing unexpected tactile sensations,Jan Švankmajer, Hra na Arcimboldovy živly / Playing Arcimboldo's Elements, 1978, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, p. 80 tactile poems as linearly ordered tactile gestures recorded in fired ceramic clay, tactile marionettes assembled from pieces of roughly worked clay,Jiří Hůla: Prosím dotýkati se - Jan Švankmajer, Denní Telegraf 25.10.1994 mantras and yantras.

Some of Švankmajer's gestural puppets seem to deny their own purpose as puppets - they have everything that belongs to a puppet, except that they cannot be guided. Their charm lies in their menacing and mocking stillness, in which the conventional sign is transformed into an unsettling poetic image, as liberating as it is confusing. His seemingly innocuous monsters, combining gesture-moulded clay with brushes, forks, sieves and other ordinary objects, exude an Ubu-esque preoccupation that mixes tragedy with humour, as well as a sarcastically mocking, almost animalistic cheekiness or contemptuous narcissism.Jan Gabriel, To Touch Means Nothing, in: Food, 2004, pp. 190-191 Švankmajer evokes tactile feelings in his films as well, as he assumes the existence of "tactile memory" - a planted tactile experience, related, for example, to sensuality.Jan Švankmajer, in: Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer, Anima, animus, animation, 1997, p. 85

In his film The Fall of the House of Usher, the gestural animation of clay, which here represents primordial matter (prima materia in the alchemical sense), is used to interpret the poem by E. A. Poe

Švankmajer's need to reveal the primary sources of human imagination is also related to his tactile objects. They were originally created as an experiment for the theme of interpretation within the Surrealist Group (Tactile portrait of E. Š, 1977),J.Š., Přípravné poznámky k taktilnímu portrétu E.Š. / Preliminary notes to the tactile portrait of E. Š, in: Evašvankmajerjan, 1998, p. 9 but the result was so stimulating that he continued to work on them for seven years, when he was not allowed to make films, and they became one of the most interesting aspects of his work. According to the artist, the sense of touch stands somewhere in the middle between the human senses, which provide purely objective (sight, hearing) or subjective (smell, taste) information. As a sense that has long had a purely utilitarian role and could not, for practical reasons, be aestheticized, the sense of touch retains a certain primitive connection to the world and an instinctive quality. Tactile sensation has one of the most important functions in eroticism, recalling associations linked to the deepest layers of the human unconscious (The Pleasure Principle, Tactile Object, 1996), elevating touch to one of the senses with the potential to inspire modern art.Jan Švankmajer, in: Imaginativní oko, imaginativní ruka / Imaginative eye, imaginative hand, 2001, p. 20Jan Švankmajer, Z taktilního deníku / From a tactile diary, in: Jídlo / Food, 2004, pp. 84-87

He considers the sense of touch to be the primordial sense through which the newborn child becomes acquainted with the surrounding world by means of touching the mother. The sense of touch also plays a major role in the practical realization of erotic relationships. Erotic inspiration is present in Švankmajer's films as a manifest provocation and parody of utilitarian sex, sarcasm, black humour, interpretation of sexual deviance and existential anxiety.Janda J, 2004, p. 190 In connection with the film Conspirators of Pleasure (1996), a series of artworks was created in which the Švankmajer family used tactile ceramic objects with sexual connotations (Animated Man and Animated Woman, 1996, Philosophy in the Bedroom - Realised Drawing, 1996, Philosophy in the Boudoir, 1996), etc.

File:04 . Jan Švankmajer, Taktilismus všedního dne, 28,5 x 24,5 cm, 2000.jpg|Everyday tactilism, 2000

File:11. Jan Švankmajer, Taktilní báseň, keram. hlína, hřebíky, srst, překližka, 50 x 35 cm, 2014.jpg|Tactile poem, ceramic clay, nails, hair, plywood, 2014

Some of the works are related to Švankmajer´s early films from the 1960s (Playing with Stones, Historia naturae) and are part of a continuous creative process where each object becomes a stimulus for a new interpretation. The objects in the glass cases are intended for the Cabinet of curiosities project, whose function is initiatory rather than aesthetic. According to Effenberger, Švankmajer's Natural History Cabinet, containing phantom creatures that seem to have escaped scientific registration only to be discovered by the imagination of a rebellious child determined to protect poetic freedom, is a work of philosophical attitude rather than mere artistic sarcasm.Vratislav Effenberger, in: Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of senses, 1994, pp. 17-18 This cycle defies both the rationality of nature and the rationality of modern art. The symbolic merging of disparate elements contains a sense of the miraculous that has blended the tragic with the humorous in the human imagination since ancient cultures.Vratislav Effenberger, in: F. Dryje, ed., Síla imaginace / Power of imagination, 2001, pp. 17-18

Some of the most impressive objects "animate" minerals, combining bodies with cut agates and human limbs (Copulating Agates, Mineralogy with Three Legs, 2003). After 2011, he has been immersing some of his spatial objects in the Carlsbad Mineral Spring, creating "premature fossils". His "fossilized objects" become covered with a layer of mineral spring deposition, which gives them a uniform reddish-brown surface - a colour characteristic of Švankmajer's other works and originating in childhood memories. The artist thus attempts to bring the creation back to nature or at least to involve it in the creative process. The result, according to him, is a kind of "fossils of this fucking civilization as a prefigurement of its destruction" (The End of Civilization II?, 2011).Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 244-245

File:05. Jan Švankmajer, Souboj Kořenů, asambláž 54 x 80 x 41 cm, 2009.jpg|Duel of roots, 2009

File:09. Jan Švankmajer, Zvíře-klaun, asambláž 63 x 71 x 38 cm, 2013.jpg|Animal-Clown, 2013

File:06. Jan Švankmajer, Falešná želva, asambláž 45 x 117 x 66 cm, 2005.jpg|Fake Turtle, 2005

File:23. Jan Švankmajer, Setkání mineralogie se zoologií, 54 x 60 x 38 cm, 2017.jpg|Meeting of Mineralogy with Zoology, 2017

File:08. Jan Švankmajer, Ježek (Er. europeus, minerály), asambláž 26 x 30 x 36 cm, 2012.jpg|Hedgehog, 2012

File:10. Jan Švankmajer, Handštan I, asambláž 32 × 44 × 48 cm, 2013.jpg|Handstan I, 2013

File:07. Jan Švankmajer, Mineralogická kolena (plech, minerály), asambláž 36 x 41 x 41 cm, 2010.jpg|Mineralogic Elbows, 2010

Puppets and assemblages are followed by objects that have been labelled by the artist directly as fetishes. These are not replicas of objects used for magical acts by natural peoples, nor do they have the aesthetic qualities of statues or masks (Flying Fetish, 2002).Bertrand Schmitt, in: František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), 2012, pp. 386-388 Švankmajer's fetishism consists in linking an unfinished series of sources and contexts, which develop over time from the simpler to the more complex and, like a snowball, pile on top of each other the author's affects, emotions, knowledge and obsessions that give energy to the process. He thus proceeds against the meaning of the puppet itself, and in his creative mania he moves on to ever more ambiguous objects, whose external form and semantic functions metamorphose, thus increasing their symbolic quality.František Dryje, Fetiš a médium, Film a doba 2008, s. 161-163 Such a fetish is, for example, the nail-battered statue of the Crucified Christ in Lunacy.

The author declares of the fetish - "it is our creation to which we have attributed magical powers. We have charged it with desire and imagination and expect a miracle from it".Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, s. 300 Fetishes are wounded to make them obey and fed to give them the power to fulfil our wishes. Jan Švankmajer imitated the ritual of the Congolese Africans, who hammer spikes and sharp pieces of metal into their fetishes to seal their covenant with them. He gathered assemblages of various remains of civilization in drawers from old furniture and "fed" them with blood and cornmeal. When everything began to deteriorate in the drawers in the sun and the fly larvae formed wounds in the matter, he completed the transformation with a heat gun, covered it with asphalt and buried it in ash. In this way, he partly returned to the informel starting point of his work (Drawer Fetish, 2015-2017).Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 194-197

He creates a life-size Horse Fetish as the central object of his Kunstkamera, using a commercially available laminated horse body, which he combines with parts of various mammal skeletons. The resulting object is reminiscent of some of Peter Oriešek's airbrush drawings on the theme of Vanitas. Embedded in the belly of the fetish is one of his assemblage objects in a glass case - Pegasus Embryo.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 198-199

Švankmajer's modern reliquaries are shells of various animal remains, adorned with haberdashery props such as braids, faux pearls, buttons and tassels (Reliquary of the Sixteen Martyrs, 2015) and accompanied by a drawing. Some are figurative (Reliquary XV, 2016), while others are created spontaneously by the artist and are reminiscent in character of Švankmajer's medium frottage and drawings (Reliquary in Landscape, 2016).Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 200-209 In the reliquaries, the seemingly sacred and the profane intertwine and are transformed into co-carriers of a sarcastic vision, becoming parts of The Emperor's New Clothes in a sell-out of today's world of contentless institutions and hackneyed political, economic, or value clichés in general. Their message is not only subjectively grotesque, but above all psychologically and psychosocially aggressive (Coalition Partners, Resting Titan Before the End of the World, 2018).František Dryje, Co člověk spojil, pánbůh nerozlučuj, úvod výstavy Galerie Millennium, 2018

File:14. Jan Švankmajer, Svatba Juana Miró s japonskou spisovatelkou, 67 x 86 cm, 2016.jpg|Wedding of Juan Miró with japanese female writer, 2016

File:15. Jan Švankmajer, Relikviář, asambláž 65 x 74 x 11 cm, 2016.jpg|Relikviary, 2016

File:17. Jan Švankmajer, Kartáče, asambláž 77 x 58 cm, 2016.jpg|Brushes, 2016

File:Jan Švankmajer, Moje nejmilejší boty (2000).jpg|My favourite shoes, 2000, fetish

File:Jan Švankmajer, Loutka ženy se třemi prsy (2002).jpg|Woman with three breasts (2002)

File:Jan Švankmajer, Africká marioneta (2008).jpg|African Marionette (2008)

• Eva Švankmajerová: Baradla Cava /Jeskyně Baradla/, ed. Association of Analogon, Prague 1995, {{ISBN|80-238-0583-5}}
• Lewis Caroll, Alice in Wonderland (Jap.)
• Edogawa Rampo, The Living Chair (Jap.)
• Vratislav Effenberger, Eva Švankmajerová, Whips of Conscience, Dybbuk, Prague 2010, {{ISBN|9788074380273}}
• Kajdan (Kwajdan), a book of Japanese ghost storiesJan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, s. 100-117

• Museum of Art Olomouc
• Gallery of Fine Arts in Cheb
• Gallery of Modern Art in Hradec Králové
• Gallery Klatovy / Klenová
• Pražská plynárenská, a.s., Prague
• private collections at home and abroad

• 1961 Kresby a tempery / Drawings and tempera, Semafor Prague
• 1963 Objekty / Objects, Viola theatre, Prague
• 1977 Infantile Lüste, Galerie Sonnenring, Münster (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1983 Přírodopisný kabinet / Natural Science cabinet, Prague Film Club
• 1987 Bouillonnements cachés, Brussels and Tournai (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1989 Retrospektive of films, Museum of Modern Art, New York
• 1991 La contamination des sens, Annecy (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1991 Het ludicatief principe, Antwerp
• 1991 La fuerza de la imaginación, Valladolid
• 1992 Cyfleu breuddwydion / The Communication of Dreams, Cardiff, Bristol (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1993 Das Lexikon der Träume, Filmcasino Vienna
• 1994 Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of the Senses, Central European Gallery and Publishing House, Prague
• 1994 El llentguatge de l'analogia, Sitges (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1995 Athanor, Telluride, Colorado (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1996 Haptic perception, Arcimboldo and Vanitas, London, Warsaw, Kraków (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1997 Mluvící malířství, němá poezie / Talking painting, silent poetry, Obecní galerie Beseda, Prague (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 1997 Přírodopisný kabinet / Natural Science Cabinet, Gallery of Josef Sudek, Prague (s E. Švankmajerovou)
• 1998/2001 Anima, animus, animace (s E. Švankmajerovou), Gallery at the White Unicorn - Klatovy, Český Krumlov, Cheb, Hradec Králové, Jihlava, Washington, Rotterdam
• 1999 Jan Švankmajer, Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain (MAMAC), Nice
• 2002/2003 Eva Švankmajerová & Jan Švankmajer: De bouche à bouche, Annecy, Institut International de la Marionnette, Charleville
• 2003 Mediumní kresby a fetiše / Medium drawings and Fetishes, Nová Paka, Galerie Les yeux, Paris
• 2003/2004 Memoria dell´animazione - Animazione della memoria, Parma, Gallery of Plzeň City
• 2004 Jídlo - retrospektiva 1958-2004 / Food - retrospective 1958-2004, Riding Hall of Prague Castle (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 2004/2005 Syrové umění / Raw Art, Gallery Klatovy/Klenová, Moravian Gallery in Brno (with E. Švankmajerová)
• 2010/2011 Jan Švankmajer: Přežít svůj život / Survive Life, Artinbox Gallery, Prague
• 2011 Das Kabinett des Jan Švankmajer: Das Pendel, die Grube und andere Absonderlichkeiten, Kunsthalle Wien Museumsquartier
• 2011/2012 Jan Švankmajer: Krátké filmy z 60. let / Short films of the 1960s, Gallery of Fine Arts in Cheb
• 2012 Jan Švankmajer, Kerstin Engholm Galerie, Vienna
• 2012/2013 Jan Švankmajer: Možnosti dialogu. Mezi filmem a volnou tvorbou / Dimensions of Dialogue - Between Film and Free Artwork, Dům U Kamenného zvonu, Prague, Museum of Art, Olomouc
• 2014 Metamorphosis (V. Starevič, J. Švankmajer, Quay Brothers), Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art
• 2014/2015 Jan Švankmajer: Naturalia, Museum Kampa - Nadace Jana a Medy Mládkových / Foundation of Jan and Meda Mládek, Prague
• 2015 Cabinet of Jana Švankmajer (Ivan Melicherčík Collection), Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum, Bratislava
• 2016 Jan Švankmajer: Lidé sněte / Dream on!, Artinbox Gallery Prague
• 2016 Jan Švankmajer: Objekty / Objects, DSC Gallery, Prague[https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/kultura/prazska-galerie-vybrala-neco-ze-svankmajera-pro-jeho-hmyz-113757 The Prague Gallery selected something from Švankmajer, Czech TV, 2016]
• 2018 Jan Švankmajer: Relikviáře, Galerie Millennium Prague
• 2019/2020 Jan Švankmajer, Eva Švankmajerová: Move little hands… "Move!", Kunsthalle im Lipsiusbau, Dresden[https://magazin.aktualne.cz/kultura/umeni/jan-svankmajer-vystava-drazdany-reportaz/r~a5aa5804589611ea81a20cc47ab5f122/ Fajt exhibits Švankmajer in Germany, Aktuálně.cz, 2020]
• 2023 Jan Švankmajer: Nepřírodopis / Nonnatural Science, Museum Rýmařov and Octopus Gallery
• 2023 Jan Švankmajer: Nepřirozené příběhy / Nonnatural Stories, Kebbel-Villa | Oberpfälzer Künstlerhaus, Schwandorf
• 2024 Eva Švankmajerová / Jan Švankmajer, DISEGNO INTERNO, Gallery of Central Bohemian Region, Kutná Hora

• 1968/1969 Art tchécoslovaque, Maison des Jeunes et de la Culture (MJC), Orléans
• 1969 Ausstellung tschechischer Künstler, Galerie Riehentor, Basel
• 1971 45 zeitgenössische Künstler aus der Tschechoslowakei. Malerei, Plastik, Grafik, Glasobjekte, Baukunst, Cologne
• 1981 Groupe surréaliste tchécoslovaquie, Galerie Phasme, Geneva
• 1991-1992 Třetí archa (Skupina československých surrealistů) / Third Arc (Czechoslovak Surrealist Group), Mánes, Prague
• 1993 Das Umzugskabinett, Galerie 13, Hanover
• 1994 Europa, Europa: Das Jahrhundert der Avantgarde in Mittel- und Osteuropa, Bundeskunsthalle, Bonn
• 1997 Očima Arcimboldovýma / By Arcimboldo´s Eyes, National Gallery Prague
• 2000 Tschechischer Surrealismus und Art Brut zum Ende des Jahrtausends, Palais Pálffy (Österreichisches Kulturzentrum), Vienna
• 2003/2004 World of Stars and Illusions: Gems of the Czech Film Poster Tradition, Czech Centre, New York City, London, Los Angeles, Dresden, Hong Kong, Macau
• 2004 Tsjechische l´art brut tchèque, Musee d'art spontane (Museum voor spontane kunst), Brussels
• 2007 Skupina Máj 57 / Máj 57 Group, Prague Castle, Císařská konírna / Imperial Stables
• 2007/2008 Exitus: Tod alltäglich, Vienna Künstlerhaus
• 2009 Spolek výtvarných umělců Mánes (1887 - 2009) / Verein Bildender Künstler Manes (1887 - 2009): Historie a současnost významného českého uměleckého spolku / Geschichte und Gegenwart des Tschechischen Kunstvereins, Saarländische Galerie – Europäisches Kunstforum e.V., Berlin
• 2009/2010 Gegen jede Vernunft: Surrealismus Paris - Prag, Wilhelm-Hack-Museum, Ludwigshafen
• 2012 Jiný vzduch: Skupina česko-slovenských surrealistů 1990–2011 / Other Air: the Czech-Slovak Surrealist Group 1990-2011, Old Town Hall, Prague
• 2013/2014 Czech Posters for Film. From the Collection of Terry Posters, National Film Archive of Japan, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Kyoto
• 2014 Metamorfosis: Visiones fantásticas de Starewitch, Švankmajer y los hermanos Quay, Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona
• 2015 Einfach phantastisch!, Barockschloss Riegersburg
• 2021/2022 Surrealism Beyond Borders, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, Tate Modern, London[https://london.czechcentres.cz/blog/2022/07/czech-centre-recommends-czech-surrealist-filmmaker-jan-svankmajer-at-tate-modern České centrum London, film Byt od Jana Švankmajera v galerii Tate Modern, 2022][https://www.frieze.com/article/surrealism-beyond-borders-2022-review Juliet Jacques, Tate Modern’s Reimagining of International Surrealism, Frieze 2022]
• 2023 À flanc d'abîme: Surréalisme et Alchimie, Centre International du Surréalisme et de la citoyenneté mondiale, Saint-Cirq-Lapopie
• 2024 Kafkaesque - Franz Kafka & současné umění / Franz Kafka & Contemporary Art, DOX, Centrum současného umění / Centre for Contemporary Art, Prague

Jan Švankmajer writes down his dreams, and then translates some of them into film scripts or theatre one-act plays.Jan Švankmajer, Jedenáct aktovek / Eleven one-act plays, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 266–293

In his literary texts, he makes no secret of his sceptical view of the current form of human civilisation, which is destroying the spiritual essence of man with its pragmatism, utilitarianism and rationalism. The genre that, in his opinion, most accurately corresponds to its present situation, is the black grotesque. Švankmajer writes, that state is an instrument of repression and the common man a victim of manipulation, as an actor in his film Faust. Freedom and personal integrity can only be preserved through personal revolt. Art has been replaced by advertising and entertainment shows, and consumerism has become the new ideology.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, pp. 112–115

Humanity, perhaps out of impatience, tries to introduce all noble and humanistic ideas first in a swift and bloody way, and only after the failure of this brutal variant does it embark on the lengthy path of peaceful evolution.Jan Švankmajer, in: Solařík B (ed.), 2018, p. 149 Švankmajer's apocalyptic visions foresee a post-civilizational disintegration of nation-states, coupled with the return of a new feudalism in the form of some kind of principalities, controlled by multinational concerns, where ordinary people will once again become serfs.

In 1983 he published his work "Touch and Imagination" in five copies as a samizdat, which was then reprinted in 1994 by Kozoroh Publishing.

• Luboš Jelínek, Jan Švankmajer (eds.): Jan Švankmajer - Grafika. Obrazový soupis 1972 - 2023 / Prints, Pictorial inventory 1972 – 2023, 97 p., Gallery Art Chrudim, Gallery Vltavín, Prague 2023, {{ISBN|978-80-908597-0-8}}
• Jan Švankmajer: Švank-mayers Bilderlexikon, 320 s., Dybbuk, Prague 2022, {{ISBN|978-80-7690-036-3}}
• Jan Švankmajer, Jednotný proud myšlení aneb život se rodí v ústech (Velký dobrodružný román) / The Unified Stream of Thought, or Life is Born in the Mouth (A great adventure novel), Dybbuk, Praha, 2020, {{ISBN|978-80-7438-220-8}}
• František Dryje (ed.): Jan Švankmajer, Cesty spasení / Paths of Salvation, Dybbuk, Prague 2018, {{ISBN|978-80-7438-180-5}}
• Jan Švankmajer, Touching and Imagining: An Introduction to Tactile Art, I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd, London 2014, {{ISBN|978-1-78076-146-6}}
• František Dryje (ed.): Jan Švankmajer, Síla imaginace / The Power of Imagination, Dauphin ({{ISBN|80-7272-045-7}}) and Mladá fronta ({{ISBN|80-204-0922-X}}), Prague 2001
• Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer, Imaginativní oko, imaginativní ruka / Imaginative Eye, Imaginative Hand, Vltavín, Prague 2001, {{ISBN|80-902674-7-5}}
• Evašvankmajerjan: Anima, animus, animation, catalogue and bibliography (cs., en., de.), 185 p., Arbor vitae, Slovart s.r.o, Prague 1997 {{ISBN|80-901964-3-8}}
• Jan Švankmajer, Hmat a imaginace: Úvod do taktilního umění – Taktilní experimentace 1974–1983 / Touch and Imagination: an Introduction to Tactile Art - Tactile Experimentation 1974-1983, 235 p., samizdat 1983, published by Kozoroh, Prague 1994

• František Dryje, Šimon Svěrák, Roman Telerovský (eds.), Princip imaginace / The Principle of Imagination, Spolek Analogon, Prague 2016
• Opak zrcadla / The Opposite of a Mirror, anthology of the Surrealist Society in Czechoslovakia, Genf Prague 1985, samizdat
• Proměny humoru, Transformations of Humour, catalogue for the thematic exhibition of the Surrealist Society in Czechoslovakia, Genf Prague 1984, samizdat
• Sféra snu / Sphere of Dream, catalogue for the thematic exhibition of the Surrealist Society in Czechoslovakia, Le-La, Genf Prague 1983, samizdat
• Otevřená hra / Open Game, Prague 1979, samizdat
• Le-La 11, 12 (dedicated to the Surrealist Society in Czechoslovakia), Genf Prague 1977, samizdat

• Films directed by Jan Švankmajer
• Jiří Trnka, Czech animator and puppeteer
• Karel Zeman, Czech animator and filmmaker
• Jiří Barta, Czech stop motion animator
• Ladislaw Starewich, Polish animator and puppeteer
• The Torchbearer, a film by Jan Švankmajer's son, Václav Švankmajer
• List of stop motion films

{{reflist}}

• Bruno Solařík (ed.), Jan Švankmajer, 304 p., Albatros Media a.s., Prague 2018, {{ISBN|978-80-264-1814-6}}
• Keith Leslie Johnson, Jan Švankmajer: Animist Cinema, 210 p., University of Illinois Press 2017, {{ISBN|978-0-252-08302-0}}
• František Dryje, Bertrand Schmitt (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Ivo Purš, Dimensions of Dialogue—Between Film and Fine Art, 508 p., Arbor Vitae, Řevnice 2012, {{ISBN|9788074670169}}
• Ursula Blickle, Gerald Matt (eds.), Das Kabinett des Jan Švankmajer: das Pendel, die Grube und andere Absonderlichkeiten, 239 p., Art Pub Incorporated, 2011, {{ISBN|9783869842561}}
• Peter Hames, The Cinema of Jan Švankmajer: Dark Alchemy, 224 p., Wallflower Press; 2nd edition, 2007, {{ISBN|978-1905674459}}
• Charles Jodoin-Keaton, Le cinéma de Jan Švankmajer, un surréalisme animé, 128 p., Editions les 400 coups, Montréal 2002, ROUGE PROFOND 2011, {{ISBN|978-2915083446}}
• Maia Bouteillet, Jan Švankmajer, un surréaliste du cinéma d'animation, Les Éditions Ciné-Fils, Strasbourg 1999, {{ISBN|2-911935-08-X}}
• Peter Hames: Dark Alchemy. The films of Jan Švankmajer, 223 p., Flick Books, Trowbridge 1995, {{ISBN|978-0275952990}}
• Simeona Hošková, Květa Otcovská (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Transmutace smyslů / Transmutation of senses, 104 p., Středoevropská galerie a nakladatelství Prague 1994

• Metamorphosis. Fantasy Visions in Starewitch, Švankmajer and the Quay Brothers, 192 p., CCCB - Cabinet de Premsa i Comunicació de la Diputació de Barcelona 2014, {{ISBN|978-84-9803-513-1}}
• Bruno Solařík, František Dryje (eds.), Jiný vzduch: Skupina česko-slovenských surrealistů 1990–2011 / Other Air: Group of Czech-Slovak Surrealists 1990-2011, cat. 192 p., Art Movement - Sdružení Analogonu, Prague 2012
• Gaudia, Evašvankmajerjan, 131 s., Kyuryudo Art Publishing Co., Tokyo 2005, {{ISBN|4763005308}}
• František Dryje, Bruno Solařík (eds.): Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer: Jídlo / Food, cat. 236 p., Prague Castle Administration, Arbor vitae, 2004, {{ISBN|80-86300-46-3}}, {{ISBN|80-86161-77-3}}
• Jan Švankmajer, František Dryje, Syrové umění. sbírka Jana a Evy Švankmajerových / Raw Art. Collection of Jan and Eva Švankmajer, Arbor vitae, 2004, {{ISBN|80-86300-45-5}}
• Jan Švankmajer, Eva Švankmajerová, memoria dell' animazione, animazione della memoria, (it.), 167 p., Ed. Gabriele Mazotta, Milano 2003, {{ISBN|88-202-1659-0}}
• Eva Švankmajerová & Jan Švankmajer: De bouche à bouche, Maurice Corbet et al., cat. 168 p., Les Éditions de l'Œil, Montreuil 2002, {{ISBN|978-2-91241-543-1}}
• František Dryje, Jan Švankmajer: Síla imaginace / Power of imagination, 271 p., Dauphin, Mladá fronta 2001, {{ISBN|80-7272-045-7}}
• Jan Švankmajer: Un surréaliste du cinéma d'animation, Vratislav Effenberger et al., cat. 74 p., Musée d'Art Moderne et d'Art Contemporain (MAMAC), Nice 1999
• Bruno Fornara, Francesco Pitassio, Angelo Signorelli (eds.), Jan Švankmajer, Bergamo Film Meeting ´97, Bergamo 1997
• Jan Švankmajer, L'alchimiste du surréel, catalogo della retrospektiva a Mulhouse 1997
• Dagmar Magincová (ed.), Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer, Anima animus animace - mezi filmem a volnou tvorbou, Slovart; Arbor vitae, Prague 1997, {{ISBN|80-901964-3-8}}
• Peter Hames (ed.), Dark Alchemy (The Films of Jan Švankmajer), text R. Cardinal et al., Flicks Books, Trowbridge 1995, {{ISBN|9780275952990}}
• Das Lexikon der Träume: Jan Švankmajer: Eine Werkschau, collective of authors, cat. 48 p., Filmcasino, Vienna 1993
• The Communication of Dreams, Oriel 31 at the Davies Memorial Gallery, Cardiff 1992
• Jan Švankmajer: La fuerza de la imaginacion, texts Jan Švankmajer, Stanislav Ulver, cat. 63 p., Semana internacional de Cine de Valladolid 1991
• Třetí Archa, 1970 - 1991: Surrealistická skupina v Československu / The Third Ark, 1970 - 1991: The Surrealist Group in Czechoslovakia, 64 p., Mánes Prague 1991
• La conmanination des sens, Le Centre International du Cinéma d'Animation, Annecy 1991
• Bouillonnements cachés, Editions Confédérations Parascolaires, Bruxelles 1987 (with Eva Švankmajerová)
• Eva Švankmajerová, Jan Švankmajer, Infantile Lüste, Sonnenring Galerie Münster, November 1977

• Slovník českých a slovenských výtvarných umělců 1950–2006 (XVII. Šte – Tich), pp. 182-184, Výtvarné centrum Chagall, Ostrava 2006, {{ISBN|80-86171-27-2}}
• Anděla Horová (ed.), Nová encyklopedie českého výtvarného umění (Dodatky), Academia, nakladatelství Akademie věd České republiky, Prague 2006, {{ISBN|80-200-1209-5}}
• Všeobecná encyklopedie v osmi svazcích (7: ř/š), 428 pp., Diderot, Prague 1999, {{ISBN|80-902555-9-0}}
• Všeobecná encyklopedie ve čtyřech svazcích (Díl 4: ř/ž), 717 pp., Nakladatelský dům OP, Prague 1998, {{ISBN|80-85841-37-1}}
• Kdo je kdo v České republice (94/95), 720 s., Modrý jezdec, spol. s r.o., Prague 1994, {{ISBN|80-901631-2-2}}
• Kdo je kdo Česká republika, Federální orgány ČSFR 91/92 (II. díl N-Ž), 662 pp., Nakladatelství Kdo je kdo, Prague 1991, {{ISBN|80-901103-0-4}}
• J. H. Matthews, Languages of Surrealism, U. Missouri Press, Columbia 1986, {{ISBN|9780826204820}}
• J. Brabec (ed.), Slovník českých spisovatelů, Sixty-Eight Publishers Co., Toronto 1982
• Adam Biron, René Passeron (eds.), Dictionnaire général du Surréalisme et de ses environs, 464 pp., Office du Livre S.A., Fribourg 1982, {{ISBN|2 13 037 280 5}}
• J. H. Matthews, The Imagery of Surrealism, 293 pp., Syracuse University Press 1977 {{ISBN|9780815622819}}
• René Passeron (ed.), Encyklopédie du surréalisme, Somogy Éditions d'art, Paris 1977 {{ISBN|978-2850561252}}

• Jan Švankmajer: Flat, in: The Uncanny in the Everyday, Stephanie D’Alessandro and Matthew Gale (eds.), Surrealism Beyond Borders, 384 s. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Tate Modern, London 2021, {{ISBN|9781588397287}}, p. 229
• John Grant, Animated Movies Facts, Figures and Fun, (JŠ, Něco z Alenky, p. 69, Faust, p. 71) AAPPL Artists and Photographers Press, Ltd., 2006, {{ISBN|9781904332527}}
• Peter Hames, The Czechoslovak New Wave, 288 p., Wallflower Press 2005 (1st ed. 1985), {{ISBN|9781904764427}}, cz edition KMa, 2008, {{ISBN|978-80-7309-580-2}}
• Steven Jay Schneider, Tony Williams (eds.), Horror International, Wayne State University Press 2005, {{ISBN|9780814331002}}
• Peter Hames, The Cinema of Central Europe, 291 p., Wallflower Press, London and New York 2004, {{ISBN|9781904764205}}
• John Grant, Masters o animation, 208 pp., NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, New York 2001, {{ISBN|9780823030415}}
• Martine Lusardy, Alena Nádvorníková, L' art brut tchèque, Paris 2002, {{ISBN|2951047258}}
• Vincent Bounoure & Michael Löwy, Moments du Surréalisme, 256 p., Editions L´Harmattan, Paris 1999, {{ISBN|978-2738479112}} (p. 204-207)
• Alena Nádvorníková, K surrealismu / Surrealism, 348 s., Torst, Prague 1998, {{ISBN|80-7215-071-5}} (p. 223-267)
• Angela Carter, American Ghosts and Old World Wonders, 160 p., Trafalgar Square; New edition (January 1, 1994), {{ISBN|978-0099133711}}
• Giannalberto Benazzi, Cartoons. Le cinema d'animation, 1892-1992, Liana Levi 1991, {{ISBN|9782867460739}}
• James Donald (ed.), Fantasy and the Cinema, 304 p., British Film Institute; First Edition (January 1, 1989), {{ISBN|978-0851702292}}
• Daniel J. Goulding (ed.) Post New Wave Cinema in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1989, {{ISBN|9780253204868}}
• David W. Paul, Politics, Art, and Commitment in the East European Cinema, 314 p., Palgrave Macmillan 1984, {{ISBN|978-0312626310}}
• Petr Král, Le surréalisme en Tchécoslovaquie : choix de textes 1934-1968, 359 p., Gallimard, Paris 1983, {{ISBN|2070216926}}

• Peter Hames, Bringing up baby, Sight and Sound 10, 2001, pp. 26–28
• Brigit Gerhard, Svankmajer, Death, Surrealism and Assorted Perversion, The Chronicles 9, 1998, pp. 12–13
• Wendy Jackson, The Surrealist Conspirator: An Interview With Jan Svankmajer, Animation World Magazine 2-3, 1997
• Jan Uhde, The Arcimboldo of Animation, Kinema, Fall 1995
• Michael O´Pray, Between Slapstick and Horror, Sight and Sound 9, 1994, pp. 20–23
• Michael Beddow, Dialogues with the Devil, Times Literary Supplement no. 4776, 1994, pp. 22–23
• Philip Strick: Faust, Sight and Sound 4, 1994, pp. 40–41
• Animating the Fantastic (Jan Švankmajer), Afterimage 13, London 1987
• Julian Petley, The Cabinet of Jan Svankmajer—Prague's Alchemist of Film, Monthly Film Bulletin 53 (June 1986), pp. 188–189

{{Commons category}}

• {{IMDb name|nm0840905}}
• [https://en.isabart.org/person/249 abART Information System: Jan Švankmajer]
• [http://www.athanor.cz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=111&lang=cs Athanor Film Company]
• [https://nanditakumar.com/jan-svankmajer-interview/ Jan Švankmajer: Interview, Nandita Kumar]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk-h_47fEGc Stopmotia Interviews: Jan Švankmajer, 2020]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCrgMRTaTKk Jan Švankmajer - IFFR Big Talk #1, International Film Festival Rotterdam 2018]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQqi0vAe6nM Interview with Jan Švankmajer, KVIF TV, 2015]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZaQeqPfEYQ Interview: Jan Švankmajer, 2014]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAiJHEZpdAo Bertrand Schmitt and Michel Leclerc: Les chimères des Švankmajer - Documentaire 2001, TV France]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yx0pt8pQ0Co Jan Švankmajer. Printing of lithography, 2022]
• [https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/kinema/article/view/752/594 Jan Uhde: Jan Švankmajer, Kinema, Spring 1994]
• [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8u85q Brothers Quay -1984- The Cabinet of Jan Svankmajer]
• [http://www.awn.com/heaven_and_hell/svank/svank1.htm Animation World Network]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20051030045956/http://asifa.net/festival/reports/00/zagreb00jiri.htm Life Achievement Award], ASIFA News, Vol. 13, Nr. 2/2000 (reprint)

{{Jan Švankmajer}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Svankmajer, Jan}}

Category:1934 births

Category:Living people

Category:Film directors from Prague

Category:Czech animators

Category:Czechoslovak film directors

Category:Czech animated film directors

Category:Czech surrealist artists

Category:Czech experimental filmmakers

Category:Culture of the Czech Republic

Category:Stop motion animators

Category:Clay animators

Category:Czech fantasy artists

Category:Horror artists

Category:Surrealist filmmakers

Category:Horror film directors

Category:Artists from Prague

Category:Sun in a Net Awards winners

Category:Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni

Category:Czech satirists

Category:Czech satirical film directors

Category:Czech collage artists