Jazz Composer's Orchestra

{{Short description|American jazz group}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}

The Jazz Composer's Orchestra was an American jazz group, founded by Carla Bley and Michael Mantler in 1965, to perform orchestral avant-garde jazz.

Its origins lay in the Jazz Composers Guild, an organization founded by Bill Dixon which grew out of the series of 1964 concerts in New York, known as the "October Revolution in Jazz" and subsequent regular performance settings.{{cite book|title=The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music|editor=Colin Larkin|publisher=Guinness Publishing|date=1992|edition=First|isbn=0-85112-939-0|page=1272}} A big band, formed by Bley and Mantler, became known as the Jazz Composers Guild Orchestra, which made its first record in April 1965. After the demise of the Guild, the big band continued as the Jazz Composer's Orchestra. A non-profit organisation was established in 1966, the Jazz Composers Orchestra Association Inc. (JCOA).

The Orchestra's first release was Communication in 1965. Their 1968 double-album The Jazz Composer's Orchestra featured soloists Cecil Taylor, Don Cherry, Roswell Rudd, Pharoah Sanders, Larry Coryell, and Gato Barbieri.{{Cite web|url=http://www.mantlermusic.com/Records/Rec_comp/Rec_comp_sgles/jcoa.htm|title=Michael Mantler - Recordings / The Jazz Composer's Orchestra|website=Mantlermusic.com|access-date=17 September 2021}}

JCOA Records was founded for releases from the Orchestra and its members.

The albums included commissioned works by Roswell Rudd, Clifford Thornton, Don Cherry, Leroy Jenkins and Grachan Moncur III. The group's last performance was in 1975.{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jazz-composers-orchestra-mn0001184654/biography|title=Jazz Composer's Orchestra Biography, Songs, & Albums|website=AllMusic|access-date=17 October 2023}} The activities of the group led to the creation of a record distribution company known as New Music Distribution Service (NMDS).{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/12/arts/new-music-record-distributor-is-closing.html|title=NY Times: New-Music Distributor Is Closing|date=Jun 12, 1990|accessdate=July 5, 2010 | work=The New York Times | first=Allan | last=Kozinn}}