Jeremiah 3

The original text of this chapter, as with the rest of the Book of Jeremiah, was written in Hebrew language. Since the division of the Bible into chapters and verses in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 25 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.As reflected in the [http://mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0.htm Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English]. Jeremiah 3:1-5 is a part of the Second prophecy (Jeremiah 2:1-3:5), whereas Jeremiah 3:6-25 is a part of the Third prophecy (Jeremiah 3:6-6:30); both are in the section of Prophecies of Destruction (Jeremiah 1-25). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

: [{S} 2:29-37] 3:1-5 {P} 3:6-10 {S} 3:11-17 {S} 3:18-25 {S}

Verses 1–5 continue Jeremiah's first prophecy, commenced in chapter 2. Verses 6–18 may be considered as a separate prophecy, the first prophecy then resuming with verse 19.Streane, A. W. (1913),[https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/jeremiah/2.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Jeremiah 3, accessed 24 December 2018

: They say,

:: If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man's,

:: shall he return unto her again? shall not that land be greatly polluted?

: but thou hast played the harlot with many lovers;

: yet return again to me,

:: saith the Lord.{{bibleverse|Jeremiah|3:1|KJV}} KJV

The part following "They say" refers to {{bibleref2|Deuteronomy|24:1-14|KJV}} which forbids a man who divorced his wife to remarry her if she had married another man, even when she becomes a widow or is divorced by the second husband.{{sfn|Thompson|1980|p=190}}

:Therefore the showers have been withheld,

:And there has been no latter rain.

:You have had a harlot’s forehead;

:You refuse to be ashamed.{{bibleverse|Jeremiah|3:3|NKJV}} NKJV

Jeremiah's thoughts are strongly connected with {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|11:13-14|NKJV}}:

:And it shall be that if you earnestly obey My commandments which I command you today, to love the Lord your God and serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul, then I will give you the rain for your land in its season, the early rain and the latter rain.

The Septuagint text is completely different:

:And thou didst retain many shepherds for a stumbling-block to thyself: thou hadst a whore's face, thou didst become shameless toward all.{{Cite web|url=https://biblehub.com/sep/jeremiah/3.htm|title=Jeremiah 3 Brenton Septuagint Translation|website=biblehub.com}}

: Go and proclaim these words toward the north, and say:

:: 'Return, backsliding Israel,' says the Lord;

:: 'I will not cause My anger to fall on you.

:: For I am merciful,' says the Lord;

:: 'I will not remain angry forever.'{{bibleverse|Jeremiah|3:12|NKJV}} NKJV

The phrase "Return, backsliding" ({{Script/Hebrew|שׁ֣וּבָה מְשֻׁבָ֤ה}}, shubah meshubah) is a play of two words from the same root shub ("to turn"), that the "backslider" ("turn away") is invited to "return" ("turn back") without getting the anger of Yahweh, because He is merciful.{{sfn|Thompson|1980|p=200}}

:Truly in vain is salvation hoped for from the hills,

::and from the multitude of mountains:

: truly in the Lord our God is the salvation of Israel.{{bibleverse|Jeremiah|3:23|KJV}} KJV

The Masoretic text reads:

: אכן לשקר מגבעות המון הרים

: אכן ביהוה אלהינו תשועת ישראל׃

Transliteration:

: {{Strong-number|’ā-ḵên|H|00403}} la-{{Strong-number|she-qer|H|08267}} mi-{{Strong-number|gə-ḇā-‘ō-wṯ|H|01389}} {{Strong-number|hā-mōn|H|01995}} {{Strong-number|hā-rîm|H|02022}};

: {{Strong-number|’ā-ḵên|H|00403}} {{Strong-number|Yah-weh|H|03068}} {{Strong-number|’ĕ-lō-hê-nū|H|00430}}, {{Strong-number|tə-šū-‘aṯ|H|08668}} {{Strong-number|yiś-rā-’êl|H|03478}}.

The repentance should start with the confession that the "hills" and "mountains" give false hope, but the salvation of Israel can only be found in Yahweh, as Israel's only God.{{sfn|Thompson|1980|p=209}}

• Israel
• Judah
• Jerusalem
• Zion
• Related Bible parts: Deuteronomy 24, Psalm 121, Jeremiah 1, Jeremiah 2

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|last=O'Connor | first= Kathleen M. | chapter = 23. Jeremiah | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 487–533 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{cite book|last = Thompson |first= J. A. |author-link = J. A. Thompson |title= A Book of Jeremiah |series=The New International Commentary on the Old Testament |edition=illustrated, revised |date= 1980 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |url= https://archive.org/details/bookofjeremiah00thom |url-access = registration |isbn=9780802825308 }}
• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1103.htm Jeremiah 3 Original Hebrew with Parallel English]

• [http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=28&c=3 Jeremiah 3 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate]

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