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Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

{{short description|Political party in India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}

{{Infobox Indian Political Party

| party_name = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
{{small|Jharkhand Liberation Front}}

| party_logo = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha logo.svg

| colorcode = {{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}

| founder = Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, A. K. Roy

|chairman = Hemant Soren

|president = Hemant Soren

|secretary = Supriya Bhattacharya

|loksabha_leader = Vijay Kumar Hansda

| foundation = {{Start date and age|1972|02|02|df=yes}}

| headquarters = Bariatu Road, Ranchi, Jharkhand – 834008

|youth = Jharkhand Yuva Morcha

|students = Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha

| eci = State Party{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}

| alliance = I.N.D.I.A.
(2023–present)
MGB
(2019–present)
UPA
(2004–2009)
(2013-2023){{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/congress-jmm-seal-pre-poll-pact-in-jharkhand/articleshow/63190239.cms | title=Congress, JMM seal pre-poll pact in Jharkhand | Ranchi News - Times of India | website=The Times of India | date=6 March 2018 }}
NDA
(2009-2013)

| ideology =

{{Nowrap|Jharkhand statehood{{Cite web |last=Minj |first=Nolina |date=2024-05-26 |title=How Kalpana Soren filled a political void in Jharkhand – with ease |url=https://scroll.in/article/1068320/how-kalpana-soren-filled-a-political-void-in-jharkhand-with-ease |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}
Regionalism{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4400070 | jstor=4400070 | title=Ideology and Politics of Jharkhand Movement: An Overview | last1=Ghosh | first1=Arunabha | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | date=1993 | volume=28 | issue=35 | pages=1788–1790 }}
Democratic socialism{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4400070 | jstor=4400070 | title=Ideology and Politics of Jharkhand Movement: An Overview | last1=Ghosh | first1=Arunabha | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | date=1993 | volume=28 | issue=35 | pages=1788–1790 }}
Secularism{{cite web|title=Soren writes to Assam chief minister Sarma, seeks ST status for tea tribes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/soren-writes-to-assam-chief-minister-sarma-seeks-st-status-for-tea-tribes-101727328453759.html}}
Left-wing populism{{Cite web |last=Minj |first=Nolina |date=2024-05-26 |title=How Kalpana Soren filled a political void in Jharkhand – with ease |url=https://scroll.in/article/1068320/how-kalpana-soren-filled-a-political-void-in-jharkhand-with-ease |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}
Indigenous rights{{cite web|title=Soren writes to Assam chief minister Sarma, seeks ST status for tea tribes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/soren-writes-to-assam-chief-minister-sarma-seeks-st-status-for-tea-tribes-101727328453759.html}}}}

| position = Left-wing{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4400070 | jstor=4400070 | title=Ideology and Politics of Jharkhand Movement: An Overview | last1=Ghosh | first1=Arunabha | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | date=1993 | volume=28 | issue=35 | pages=1788–1790 }}

| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|3|543|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}

| state_seats_name = Jharkhand Legislative Assembly

| state_seats = {{Composition bar|34|81|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}

| symbol = 150px

| no_states = {{Composition bar|1|31|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}

|rajyasabha_seats={{Composition bar|3|245|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}

|women=Jharkhand Mahila Morcha

|rajyasabha_leader=Shibu Soren

|abbreviation=JMM

|colours={{colour box|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}} Green

|flag= Jharkhand Mukti Morcha flag.svg

}}

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha ({{abbr|JMM}}; {{lit|Jharkhand Liberation Front}}) is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand, founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, and A. K. Roy.{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/saffron-munda-loves-everything-green-bjp-cries-neglect-as-chief-minister-warms-up-to-old-jmm-associates/cid/823787|title=Saffron Munda loves everything green - BJP cries neglect as chief minister warms up to old JMM associates|website=www.telegraphindia.com}} Hemant Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring states. Its election symbol in Jharkhand is the Bow and Arrow.{{cite news |url =https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/shiv-sena-finds-jharkhand-mukti-morcha-has-first-right-to-symbol/lite/|title =Shiv Sena finds Jharkhand Mukti Morcha has first right to symbol|publisher =The Indian Express|quote =Shivsena's bow-and-arrow symbol is the same as that of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.|location =New Delhi|date =September 28, 2015|website =indianexpress.com |author =Pradeep Kaushal|access-date =28 April 2020}}

The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th-century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.P. 200 Basic Facts of General Knowledge By Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj

Formation

For almost six decades the movement to separate Jharkhand from Bihar had been attempting to gain a foothold. The Jharkhand Party gained political strength but commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State consistently rejected its demands. Before 1962, the Jharkhand Party held between 23 and 32 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. In 1962, it won 20 seats. Jaipal Singh Munda merged the Jharkhand Party with the Indian National Congress in 1963 and became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in Bihar. But other members did not join the Congress.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nKqF_AgDd4gC&dq=Small+States+Syndrome+in+India+Jharkhand&pg=PA118|title=Small States Syndrome in India|isbn=9788170226918|last1=Kumāra|first1=Braja Bihārī|year=1998|publisher=Concept Publishing Company }}

In the 1967 general election, the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter parties each claiming to be the real Jharkhand Party.{{Cite news |date=2013-08-05 |title=Separate state yet to fulfil aspirations of tribals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/separate-state-yet-to-fulfil-aspirations-of-tribals/articleshow/21608493.cms |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}} These included the Jharkhand Party led by N. E. Horo, the Jharkhand Party led by Naren, and the All India Jharkhand Party led by Bagun Sumroi. There was also the Hul Jharkhand Party led by Justin Richard, which further fragmented and became the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party led by Shibu Soren.

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha was founded by Soren, Binod Bihari Mahato and Marxist Co-ordination Committee leader A. K. Roy. The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, a 19th-century tribal warrior from Jharkhand, who fought against British rule in the region.P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha

On 4 February 1973, Mahato became president of the party and Soren became its general secretary. Prominent party leaders at that time included Roy, Nirmal Mahto and Tek Lal Mahto, among others.

Early years

In its early years, the JMM under Soren's leadership brought industrial and mining workers who were mainly non-tribals belonging to the Dalit and backward communities such as Surdis, Doms, Dusadh, Kurmi, Koiri, Gowala, and Teli into its fold. However Soren's association with the late politician Gyanranjan brought him close to the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He won the Dumka Lok Sabha seat in 1972. Irked by Soren's association with the Indian National Congress, a few younger members of the JMM banded together in Jamshedpur and set up the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU). This did not affect the growth of the JMM in the 1991 Indian general election, where the party won six seats.

Ram Dayal Munda reignited the movement for Jharkhand by unifying splinter groups among the tribals. Under his guidance the Jharkhand Coordination Committee was constituted in June 1987, comprising 48 organisations and group including the JMM factions. Due to Munda, Shibu Soren, Suraj Mandal, Simon Marandi, Shailendra Mahato, and AJSU leaders like Surya Singh Besra and Prabhakar Tirkey briefly shared a political platform, but the JMM pulled out of JCC as it felt that "the collective leadership was a farce". In 1988 and 1989, the JMM, AJSU and JPP successfully orchestrated so-called bandhs, economic blockades.

Political wings

=Jharkhand Yuva Morcha=

Jharkhand Yuva Morcha (Jharkhand Youth Front) and Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha (Jharkhand Student Front), the youth and student wings of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, were constituted at a conference in Ranchi 16 October 1991.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

Electoral history

=General election results=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" |Election Year

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Lok Sabha

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Seats contested

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Seats won

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | +/- seats

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Overall Votes

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Percentage of votes

1984

|8th Lok Sabha

|10

|0

|{{Steady}}

|332,403

|0.14

1984

|8th Lok Sabha

|10

|0

|{{Steady}}

|332,403

|0.14

1984

|8th Lok Sabha

|10

|0

|{{Steady}}

|332,403

|0.14

1989

|9th Lok Sabha

|12

|3

|{{Increase}}3

|1,032,276

|0.34

1991

|10th Lok Sabha

|14

|6

|{{Increase}}3

|1,481,900

|0.54

1996

|11th Lok Sabha

|29

|1

|{{Decrease}}5

|1,287,072

|0.38

1998

|12th Lok Sabha

|16

|0

|{{Decrease}}1

|1,324,548

|0.36

1999

|13th Lok Sabha

|23

|0

|{{Steady}}

|974,609

|0.27

2004

|14th Lok Sabha

|9

|5

|{{Increase}}5

|1,846,843

|0.47

2009

|15th Lok Sabha

|42

|2

|{{Decrease}}3

|1,665,173

|0.40

2014

|16th Lok Sabha

|21

|2

|{{Steady}}

|1,637,994

|0.30

2019

|17th Lok Sabha

|13

|1

|{{Decrease}}1

|1,901,976

|0.31

2024

|18th Lok Sabha

|6

|3

|{{Increase}}2

|2,652,955

|0.41

=Legislative Assembly election results=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" |Election Year

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Seats contested

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Seats won

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | +/- seats

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Overall Votes

!Style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}};color:white" | Percentage of votes

1980

|

|11

|{{increase}} 11

|380,891

|1.69

1985

|57

|9

|{{decrease}} 2

|443,822

|1.82

1990

|82

|19

|{{increase}} 10

|

|3.14

1995

|63

|10

|{{decrease}} 9

|

|2.3

2000

|

|12

|{{increase}} 2

|

|

2005

|49

|17

|{{increase}} 5

|1,447,774

|14.29

2009

|78

|18

|{{increase}} 1

|1,562,060

|15.20

2014

|79

|19

|{{increase}} 1

|2,832,921

|20.43

2019

|43

|30

|{{increase}} 11

|2,817,442

|18.72

2024

|43

|34

|{{increase}} 4

|4,183,281

|23.44

List of chief ministers

{{main|List of chief ministers of Jharkhand}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | No.

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Portrait

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Chief Minister

! colspan ="3" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Term in Office

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Assembly
{{small|(election)}}

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Constituency

style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Start

! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | End

! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Tenure

rowspan="3" |1

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Shibu Soren
(born 1944)

| {{dts|2 March 2005}}

| {{dts|12 March 2005}}

! rowspan ="3" |308 days

| rowspan="2" | 2nd Assembly
{{small|(2005 election)}}

| rowspan="2" |did not contest

{{dts|27 August 2008}}

| {{dts|19 January 2009}}

{{dts|30 December 2009}}

| {{dts|1 June 2010}}

| 3rd Assembly
{{small|(2009 election)}}

| Jamtara

3

|File:Champai Soren.jpg

|Champai Soren
(born 1956)

|{{dts|2 February 2024}}

|{{dts|3 July 2024}}

!{{ayd|2 Feb 2024|4 Jul 2024}}

|5th Assembly
{{small|(2019 election)}}

|Seraikella

rowspan="4" |2

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Hemant Soren
(born 1975)

| {{dts|13 July 2013}}

| {{dts|28 December 2014}}

! rowspan="4" | 6 years

|3rd Assembly
{{small|(2009 election)}}

| Dumka

{{dts|29 December 2019}}

| {{dts|2 February 2024}}

| rowspan="2" |5th Assembly
{{small|(2019 election)}}

| rowspan="3" | Barhait

{{dts|4 July 2024}}

|28 November 2024

28 November 2024

|Incumbent

|6th Assembly
{{small|(2024 election)}}

List of union ministers

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|No.

! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Portrait

! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Minister

! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Portfolio

! colspan="3" style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Term in Office

! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Constituency
(House)

! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Prime Minister

style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Assumed Office

! style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Left Office

! style="background-color:#215B30;color:white"|Time in Office

rowspan="4"| 1

| rowspan="4"|100px

| rowspan=4|Shibu Soren
(born 1944)

| rowspan="3"| Minister of Coal

| 23 May
2004

| 24 July
2004

! {{ayd|2004|5|23|2004|7|24}}

| rowspan="4"|Dumka
(Lok Sabha)

| rowspan="4"| Manmohan Singh

27 November
2004

| 2 March
2005

! {{ayd|2004|11|27|2005|3|2}}

29 January
2006

| 29 November
2006

! {{ayd|2006|1|29|2006|11|29}}

Minister of Mines and Minerals

| 23 May
2004

| 24 July
2004

! {{ayd|2004|5|23|2004|7|24}}

List of deputy chief ministers

{{main|List of deputy chief ministers of Jharkhand}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | No.

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Portrait

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Deputy CM
{{small|(Constituency)}}

! colspan ="3" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Term in Office

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Assembly
{{small|(election)}}

! rowspan ="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Chief Minister

style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Start

! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | End

! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Tenure

1

|

| Sudhir Mahato
(Ichagarh)

| {{dts|14 September 2006}}

| {{dts|23 August 2008}}

! {{Age in years and days|14 September 2006|23 August 2008}}

| 2nd Assembly
{{small|(2005 election)}}

| Madhu Koda

| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent politician}}" |

2

| 100px

| Hemant Soren
{{small|(Dumka)}}

| {{dts|11 September 2010}}

| {{dts|18 January 2013}}

! {{Age in years and days|11 September 2010|18 January 2013}}

| 3rd Assembly
{{small|(2009 election)}}

| Arjun Munda

| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |

List of leaders of opposition

{{main|List of leaders of the opposition in the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | No.

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Leader of Opposition
{{small|(Constituency)}}

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Portrait

! colspan ="3" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Term in Office

! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Assembly
{{small|(election)}}

style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Start

! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | End

! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Tenure

1

| Stephen Marandi
{{small|(Dumka)}}

|

| {{dts|24 November 2000}}

| {{dts|10 July 2004}}

! {{Age in years and days|24 November 2000|10 July 2004}}

| rowspan="2" |1st Assembly
{{small|(2000 election)}}

2

| Haji Hussain Ansari
{{small|(Madhupur)}}

|

| {{dts|2 August 2004}}

| {{dts|1 March 2005}}

! {{Age in years and days|2 August 2004|1 March 2005}}

3

| Sudhir Mahato
(Silli)

|

| {{dts|16 March 2005}}

| {{dts|18 September 2006}}

! {{Age in years and days|16 March 2005|18 September 2006}}

| 2nd Assembly
{{small|(2005 election)}}

4

| Hemant Soren
{{small|(Barhait)}}

| 100px

| {{dts|7 January 2015}}

| {{dts|28 December 2019}}

! {{Age in years and days|7 January 2015|28 December 2019}}

| 4th Assembly
{{small|(2014 election)}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [http://twocircles.net/2009dec26/soren_stakes_claim_form_jharkhand_government.html Soren stakes claim to form Jharkhand government] – TCN News

{{Indian political parties}}

Category:Regionalist parties in India

Category:State political parties in Jharkhand

Category:1972 establishments in Bihar

Category:Political parties established in 1972

Category:Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance