1998 Indian general election
{{short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1996 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1996
| next_election = 1999 Indian general election
| next_year = 1999
| election_date = 16, 22 and 28 February 1998
| registered = 605,880,192
| turnout = 61.97% ({{increase}} 4.03pp)
| seats_for_election = 543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha{{efn|name=seats|Two seats were reserved for Anglo-Indians and filled by presidential nomination}}
| majority_seats = 272
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| last_election1 = 20.29%, 161 seats
| seats1 = 182
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 21
| percentage1 = 25.59%
| popular_vote1 = 94,266,188
| swing1 = {{increase}} 5.30pp
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Gandhisonia05052007.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = Sonia Gandhi
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| last_election2 = 28.80%, 140 seats
| seats2 = 141
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
| percentage2 = 25.82%
| popular_vote2 = 95,111,131
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 2.98pp
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Surjith-6.JPG|bSize=250|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=60|oTop=60}}
| leader3 = Harkishan Singh Surjeet
| party3 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| last_election3 = 6.12%, 32 seats
| seats3 = 32
| seat_change3 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote3 = 18,991,867
| percentage3 = 5.16%
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 0.96pp
| map_image = Wahlergebnisse Indien 1998.svg
| map_caption = Results by constituency
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = Inder Kumar Gujral
| before_party = JD
| after_election = Atal Bihari Vajpayee
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 11th Lok Sabha
| elected_members = List of members of the 12th Lok Sabha
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| alliance2 = INC+
| alliance3 = Left Front (West Bengal)
}}{{Politics of India}}
General elections were held in India on 16, 22 and 28 February 1998 to elect the members of the twelfth Lok Sabha. The elections were held three years ahead of schedule after the government led by Inder Kumar Gujral collapsed when the Indian National Congress (INC) withdrew its support in November 1997.{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-757497.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103054302/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-757497.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|title=Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=29 November 1997|access-date=22 March 2019}}
The result was another hung parliament, with no party or alliance able to muster a majority. However, Atal Bihari Vajpayee of the Bharatiya Janata Party was able to form a coalition government led by the National Democratic Alliance with the outside support of the Telugu Desam Party. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with support from 272 of 543 MPs. However, his government collapsed on 17 April 1999 when the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam withdrew its support, after Vajpayee refused to meet the demands of its leader J. Jayalalithaa, namely halting the corruption cases against her and the sacking of the Tamil Nadu government led by her bete-noire M. Karunanidhi.{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJPs-one-vote-defeat-in-1999-was-narrowest-in-history/articleshow/3261721.cms|title=BJP's one-vote defeat in 1999 was narrowest in history|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|archive-date=25 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225090822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJPs-one-vote-defeat-in-1999-was-narrowest-in-history/articleshow/3261721.cms|url-status=live}} This led to fresh elections in 1999.{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/no-confidence-motion-atal-bihari-vajpayee|title=The 1999 No-Trust Motion That Former PM Vajpayee Lost by One Vote|website=The Quint|access-date=22 March 2019|date=20 July 2018|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044456/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/no-confidence-motion-atal-bihari-vajpayee|url-status=live}}
The 1998 general election was the second consecutive election in which the party that received the most votes did not win the most seats.
Results
{{Election results
|image=350px
|party1=Indian National Congress|votes1=95111131|seats1=141|sc1=
|party2=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes2=94266188|seats2=182|sc2=
|party3=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes3=18991867|seats3=32|sc3=
|party4=Samajwadi Party|votes4=18167640|seats4=20|sc4=
|party5=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes5=17186779|seats5=5|sc5=
|party6=Janata Dal|votes6=11930209|seats6=6|sc6=
|party7=Rashtriya Janata Dal|votes7=10229971|seats7=17|sc7=
|party8=Telugu Desam Party|votes8=10199463|seats8=12|sc8=
|party9=West Bengal Trinamool Congress|votes9=8920583|seats9=7|sc9=
|party10=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes10=6731550|seats10=18|sc10=
|party11=Shiv Sena|votes11=6528566|seats11=6|sc11=
|party12=Samata Party|votes12=6491639|seats12=12|sc12=
|party13=Communist Party of India|votes13=6429569|seats13=9|sc13=
|party14=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes14=5308388|seats14=6|sc14=
|party15=Tamil Maanila Congress|votes15=5169183|seats15=3|sc15=
|party16=Biju Janata Dal|votes16=3669825|seats16=9|sc16=
|party17=Shiromani Akali Dal|votes17=3001769|seats17=8|sc17=
|party18=Lok Shakti|votes18=2548725|seats18=3|sc18=
|party19=All India Rashtriya Janata Party|votes19=2071643|seats19=1|sc19=
|party20=Revolutionary Socialist Party|votes20=2032585|seats20=5|sc20=
|party21=Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya)|votes21=1956087|seats21=4|sc21=
|party22=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes22=1602504|seats22=3|sc22=
|party23=Pattali Makkal Katchi|votes23=1548976|seats23=4|sc23=
|party24=Republican Party of India|votes24=1351019|seats24=4|sc24=
|party25=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|votes25=1324548|seats25=0|sc25=
|party26=All India Forward Bloc|votes26=1213965|seats26=2|sc26=
|party27=Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|votes27=1181083|seats27=1|sc27=
|party28=Asom Gana Parishad|votes28=1064977|seats28=0|sc28=
|party29=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|votes29=912698|seats29=0|sc29=
|party30=Haryana Vikas Party|votes30=875803|seats30=1|sc30=
|party31=Muslim League Kerala State Committee|votes31=800765|seats31=2|sc31=
|party32=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|votes32=784669|seats32=3|sc32=
|party33=Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party|votes33=711080|seats33=0|sc33=
|party34=Apna Dal|votes34=562946|seats34=0|sc34=
|party35=All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|votes35=485785|seats35=1|sc35=
|party36=All India Indira Congress (Secular)|votes36=457510|seats36=1|sc36=
|party37=Puthiya Tamilagam|votes37=446583|seats37=0|sc37=
|party38=Janata Party|votes38=444305|seats38=1|sc38=
|party39=NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)|votes39=384211|seats39=0|sc39=
|party40=Karnataka Vikas Party|votes40=371346|seats40=0|sc40=
|party41=United Minorities Front, Assam|votes41=357759|seats41=1|sc41=
|party42=Kerala Congress (M)|votes42=356168|seats42=1|sc42=
|party43=Kerala Congress|votes43=327649|seats43=0|sc43=
|party44=MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes44=278324|seats44=0|sc44=
|party45=Forward Bloc (Socialist)|votes45=272974|seats45=0|sc45=
|party46=Peasants and Workers Party of India|votes46=269609|seats46=1|sc46=
|party47=Marxist Co-ordination Committee|votes47=263901|seats47=0|sc47=
|party48=Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)|votes48=248529|seats48=0|sc48=
|party49=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Mardi)|votes49=240897|seats49=0|sc49=
|party50=Bihar Jana Congress|votes50=222371|seats50=0|sc50=
|party51=United Democratic Party|votes51=213924|seats51=0|sc51=
|party52=Gondwana Ganatantra Party|votes52=196662|seats52=0|sc52=
|party53=Manipur State Congress Party|votes53=190358|seats53=1|sc53=
|party54=Autonomous State Demand Committee|votes54=184241|seats54=1|sc54=
|party55=Jharkhand Party (Naren)|votes55=181018|seats55=0|sc55=
|party57=Arunachal Congress|votes57=172496|seats57=2|sc57=
|party58=Ajeya Bharat Party|votes58=157854|seats58=0|sc58=
|party59=United Reservation Movement Council of Assam|votes59=151543|seats59=0|sc59=
|party60=National Loktantrik Party|votes60=147706|seats60=0|sc60=
|party61=United Goans Democratic Party|votes61=132558|seats61=0|sc61=
|party62=Mahabharat People's Party|votes62=115785|seats62=0|sc62=
|party63=Sikkim Democratic Front|votes63=102440|seats63=1|sc63=
|party64=Peoples Democratic Party|votes64=92083|seats64=0|sc64=
|party65=Akhil Bharatiya Sena|votes65=90035|seats65=0|sc65=
|party66=Indian National League|votes66=86697|seats66=0|sc66=
|party67=Himachal Vikas Congress|votes67=85046|seats67=0|sc67=
|party68=Mizo National Front|votes68=82047|seats68=0|sc68=
|party69=Savarn Samaj Party|votes69=76980|seats69=0|sc69=
|party70=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|votes70=70191|seats70=0|sc70=
|party71=Jharkhand Party|votes71=63836|seats71=0|sc71=
|party72=Hill State People's Democratic Party|votes72=62144|seats72=0|sc72=
|party73=Loktantrik Samajwadi Party|votes73=43770|seats73=0|sc73=
|party74=Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)|votes74=43402|seats74=0|sc74=
|party75=Indian Congress (Socialist)|votes75=36677|seats75=0|sc75=
|party76=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal|votes76=30654|seats76=0|sc76=
|party77=Akhil Bartiya Manav Seva Dal|votes77=26027|seats77=0|sc77=
|party78=National Panthers Party|votes78=24638|seats78=0|sc78=
|party79=Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)|votes79=24417|seats79=0|sc79=
|party80=Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes80=24303|seats80=0|sc80=
|party81=Proutist Sarva Samaj Samiti|votes81=23029|seats81=0|sc81=
|party82=Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha|votes82=20928|seats82=0|sc82=
|party83=Jammu and Kashmir Awami League|votes83=20843|seats83=0|sc83=
|party84=Amra Bangali|votes84=20372|seats84=0|sc84=
|party85=Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha|votes85=19202|seats85=0|sc85=
|party86=Garo National Council|votes86=16280|seats86=0|sc86=
|party87=Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh|votes87=14284|seats87=0|sc87=
|party88=Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha|votes88=14160|seats88=0|sc88=
|party89=Plain Tribals Council of Assam|votes89=12952|seats89=0|sc89=
|party90=Bharatiya Vikash Party|votes90=11881|seats90=0|sc90=
|party91=United Tribal Nationalist Liberation Front|votes91=11287|seats91=0|sc91=
|party92=Rajasthan Vikas Party|votes92=11267|seats92=0|sc92=
|party93=Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha|votes93=10064|seats93=0|sc93=
|party94=United Communist Party of India|votes94=10018|seats94=0|sc94=
|party95=Bharti Lok Lehar Party|votes95=9959|seats95=0|sc95=
|party96=Samajwadi Jan Parishad|votes96=9848|seats96=0|sc96=
|party97=Hindustan Janata Party|votes97=9476|seats97=0|sc97=
|party98=Bharatiya Jantantrik Parishad|votes98=9367|seats98=0|sc98=
|party99=Maharashtra Rashtravadi Congress|votes99=8623|seats99=0|sc99=
|party100=Jharkhand People's Party|votes100=7111|seats100=0|sc100=
|party101=Sarvadharam Party (Madhya Pradesh)|votes101=6671|seats101=0|sc101=
|party102=Akhil Bharatiya Rajivwadi Congress (Dubey)|votes102=6455|seats102=0|sc102=
|party103=Bharatiya Rajiv Congress|votes103=6122|seats103=0|sc103=
|party104=Kisan Vikas Party|votes104=5905|seats104=0|sc104=
|party105=Jai Telengana Party|votes105=5847|seats105=0|sc105=
|party106=Akhil Bharatiya Bhrastachar Normoolan Sena|votes106=5718|seats106=0|sc106=
|party107=All India Rajiv Krantikari Congress|votes107=5588|seats107=0|sc107=
|party108=Pragtisheel Manav Samaj Party|votes108=5495|seats108=0|sc108=
|party109=Bharatiya Krantikari Kammand Party|votes109=4852|seats109=0|sc109=
|party110=Shoshit Samaj Party|votes110=4722|seats110=0|sc110=
|party111=Rashtriya Aikta Manch|votes111=4596|seats111=0|sc111=
|party112=Bahujan Kranti Dal (JAI)|votes112=4525|seats112=0|sc112=
|party113=The Humanist Party of India|votes113=4439|seats113=0|sc113=
|party114=Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)|votes114=4420|seats114=0|sc114=
|party115=Rashtriya Ali Sena|votes115=4371|seats115=0|sc115=
|party116=Sanatan Samaj Party|votes116=4238|seats116=0|sc116=
|party117=Orissa Congress|votes117=4048|seats117=0|sc117=
|party118=Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)|votes118=3763|seats118=0|sc118=
|party119=Rastreeya Praja Parishat|votes119=3688|seats119=0|sc119=
|party120=Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh|votes120=3030|seats120=0|sc120=
|party121=Golden India Party|votes121=3002|seats121=0|sc121=
|party122=Adarsh Lok Dal|votes122=2909|seats122=0|sc122=
|party123=Manava Party|votes123=2903|seats123=0|sc123=
|party124=Krantikari Manuwadi Morcha|votes124=2723|seats124=0|sc124=
|party125=Religion of Man Revolving Political Party of India|votes125=2503|seats125=0|sc125=
|party126=All India Minorities Front|votes126=2480|seats126=0|sc126=
|party127=Bahujan Kranti Dal|votes127=2466|seats127=0|sc127=
|party128=Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena|votes128=2392|seats128=0|sc128=
|party129=Republican Party of India (Khobragade)|votes129=2167|seats129=0|sc129=
|party130=Gareebjan Samaj Party|votes130=2009|seats130=0|sc130=
|party131=Andhra Nadu Party|votes131=1915|seats131=0|sc131=
|party132=All India Muslim Forum|votes132=1866|seats132=0|sc132=
|party133=Bahujan Vikas Party|votes133=1833|seats133=0|sc133=
|party134=Pragati Sheel Party|votes134=1828|seats134=0|sc134=
|party135=Rashtriya Janandholan Paksha|votes135=1708|seats135=0|sc135=
|party136=Tamilaga Janata|votes136=1697|seats136=0|sc136=
|party137=Akhil Bharatiya Berozgaar Party|votes137=1609|seats137=0|sc137=
|party138=Prism|votes138=1595|seats138=0|sc138=
|party139=United Citizens Party|votes139=1591|seats139=0|sc139=
|party140=Bharatiya Jan Sabha|votes140=1425|seats140=0|sc140=
|party141=Rashtriya Unnatsheel Das|votes141=1394|seats141=0|sc141=
|party142=Socialist Party (Lohia)|votes142=1321|seats142=0|sc142=
|party143=Akhil Bharatiya Revolutionary Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes143=1277|seats143=0|sc143=
|party144=Agrajan Party|votes144=1269|seats144=0|sc144=
|party145=Ekta Krandi Dal U.P.|votes145=1246|seats145=0|sc145=
|party146=All India Gareeb Congress|votes146=1222|seats146=0|sc146=
|party147=Republican Presidium Party of India|votes147=1215|seats147=0|sc147=
|party148=Akhil Bharatiya Garib Mazdoor Kisan Party|votes148=1199|seats148=0|sc148=
|party149=Indian Bahujan Samajwadi Party|votes149=1162|seats149=0|sc149=
|party150=Bharatiya Parivartan Morcha|votes150=1111|seats150=0|sc150=
|party151=Nagaland Peoples Party|votes151=1066|seats151=0|sc151=
|party152=Bharatiya Momin Front|votes152=1045|seats152=0|sc152=
|party153=Manav Samaj Party|votes153=1036|seats153=0|sc153=
|party154=Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party|votes154=946|seats154=0|sc154=
|party155=Hindustan Inqualab Party|votes155=883|seats155=0|sc155=
|party156=Jan Samanta Party|votes156=828|seats156=0|sc156=
|party157=Bhrishtachar Virodhi Dal|votes157=754|seats157=0|sc157=
|party158=Akhil Bharatiya Janata Congress|votes158=751|seats158=0|sc158=
|party159=Ambedkarbadi Party|votes159=736|seats159=0|sc159=
|party160=Rashtriya Muslim Mujhahid Party|votes160=710|seats160=0|sc160=
|party161=Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi|votes161=703|seats161=0|sc161=
|party162=National Republican Party|votes162=694|seats162=0|sc162=
|party163=Hind Kisan Mazdoor Party|votes163=614|seats163=0|sc163=
|party164=Akhil Bhartiya Loktantra Party|votes164=609|seats164=0|sc164=
|party165=Hind Morcha|votes165=590|seats165=0|sc165=
|party166=Punjab Pradesh Vikash Party|votes166=576|seats166=0|sc166=
|party167=Uttar Pradesh Republican Party|votes167=552|seats167=0|sc167=
|party168=Kranti Dal|votes168=501|seats168=0|sc168=
|party169=Bharatiya Jan Jagruti Party|votes169=494|seats169=0|sc169=
|party170=Akhil Bharatiya General Labour Party|votes170=412|seats170=0|sc170=
|party171=Bharatiya Asht Jan Party|votes171=363|seats171=0|sc171=
|party172=Telangana Praja Party|votes172=344|seats172=0|sc172=
|party173=Rashtriya Rajdhani Congress Delhi|votes173=343|seats173=0|sc173=
|party174=Akhil Bharatiya Rashtriya Azad Hind Party|votes174=306|seats174=0|sc174=
|party175=Rashtriya Janta Congress|votes175=297|seats175=0|sc175=
|party176=Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (Prem Vallabh Vyas)|votes176=150|seats176=0|sc176=
|party177=Indian Republican Front|votes177=118|seats177=0|sc177=
|party178=Independents|votes178=8719952|seats178=6|sc178=
|row179=Nominated Anglo-Indians|seats179=2
|total_sc=0
|invalid=7065039
|electorate=605880192
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4124-general-election-1998-vol-i-ii/ ECI]
}}
=By state and alliance=
| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="text-align:left; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;"|State ! colspan="4" rowspan="2" style=" text-align:center; background:#ccf; vertical-align:middle;"|Alliance/party ! style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"|Seats contested ! style="background:#ccf; text-align:right;"|Seats won ! style="background:#ccf; text-align:right;"|Vote % |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=8 valign=top|Andhra Pradesh (42)
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} ! style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |42 |22 |42.79 |
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="4" style="background:#ffe8e8" |Third Front | {{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}} |35 |12 |32 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Communist Party Of India (CPI) |3 |2 |2.6 |
| {{party color cell|Janata Dal}}
|1 |1 |0.9 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) |3 |0 |2.9 |
| rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |38 |4 |18.3 |
| {{party color cell|NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)}}
|NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi) |3 |0 |1.2 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}} | All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen |1 |1 |1.5 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|Arunachal Pradesh (2)
| - | - | {{party color cell|Arunachal Congress}} |2 |2 |52.5 |
| rowspan="1" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |2 |0 |23.9 |
| {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |2 |0 |21.7 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=6 valign=top|Assam (14)
|rowspan="1" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} ! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |13 |10 |39.0 |
| rowspan="1" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |14 |1 |24.5 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Asom Gana Parishad}} |10 |0 |12.7 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Autonomous State Demand Committee}} | Autonomous State Demand Committee |1 |1 |2.2 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell| United Minorities Front, Assam}} |United Minorities Front, Assam |3 |1 |10.46 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}} |45 |1 |9.5 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=9 valign=top|Bihar (54)
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}} ! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |32 |20 |24 |
| {{party color cell|Samata Party}}
|21 |10 |15.77 |
| rowspan="2" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} |38 |17 |26.6 |
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|11 |5 |6.3 |
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="4" style="background:#ffe8e8" |Third Front | {{party color cell|Janata Dal}} |28 |1 |7.3 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| Communist Party of India (CPI) |15 |0 |3.4 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) |4 |0 |0.4 |
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) |1 |0 |0 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|All India Rashtriya Janata Party}} |All India Rashtriya Janata Party |3 |1 |0.9 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=2 valign=top|Goa (2)
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} !style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |2 |2 |31.6 |
| {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
!style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |2 |0 |30 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=2 valign=top|Gujarat (26)
|{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}} ! style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |26 |19 |48.3 |
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |26 |7 |38 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=5 valign=top|Haryana (10)
| - | - | {{party color cell|Haryana Lok Dal (Rastriya)}} |7 |4 |25.9 |
| rowspan="1" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |10 |3 |26.0 |
| rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Haryana Vikas Party}} |4 |1 |11.6 |
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |6 |1 |18.9 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}} |3 |1 |7.7 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|Himachal Pradesh (4)
|{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}} ! style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |4 |3 |51.4 |
| rowspan="1" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |4 |1 |41.9 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Himachal Vikas Congress}} |4 |0 |3.6 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|Jammu & Kashmir (6)
| - | - | {{party color cell|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}} |Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |6 |3 |36.4 |
| {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |6 |2 |28.6 |
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |6 |1 |19.2 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|Karnataka (28)
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}} ! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |18 |13 |26.9 |
| {{party color cell| Lok Shakti}}
|10 |3 |11.5 |
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |28 |9 |36.2 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell| Janata Dal }} |28 |3 |21.7 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=9 valign=top|Kerala (20)
|rowspan="3" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} ! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |17 |8 |38.7 |
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}
|1 |1 |2.4 |
| {{party color cell|Muslim League Kerala State Committee}}
|Muslim League Kerala State Committee |2 |2 |5 |
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="5" style="background:#ffe8e8" |Third Front | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} | Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) |9 |6 |21 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| Communist Party of India (CPI) |4 |2 |8.3 |
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}
|Revolutionary Socialist Party |1 |1 |2.7 |
| {{party color cell|Kerala Congress}}
|1 |1 |2.2 |
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal}}
|2 |0 |3.9 |
| {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
!style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |20 |0 |8 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=3 valign=top|Madhya Pradesh (40)
| {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}} !style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |40 |30 |45.7 |
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |40 |10 |39.4 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell| Bahujan Samaj Party}} |35 |0 |8.7 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=7 valign=top|Maharashtra (48)
|rowspan="3" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} ! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |41 |33 |43.6 |
| {{party color cell|Republican Party of India}}
|4 |4 |4.1 |
| {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|2 |0 |1.5 |
| rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell| Shiv Sena}} |22 |6 |19.7 |
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |25 |4 |22.5 |
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|1 |0 |1.1 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Peasants And Workers Party of India}} |Peasants And Workers Party of India |2 |1 |0.9 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|Manipur (2)
| - | - | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} |Communist Party Of India (CPI) |2 |1 |20.5 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Manipur State Congress Party}} |2 |1 |25.4 |
| rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |1 |0 |12.6 |
| {{party color cell| Lok Shakti}}
|1 |0 |0.2 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"rowspan=3 valign=top|Orissa (21)
|rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}} ! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Biju Janata Dal}} |12 |9 |27.5 |
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |9 |7 |21.2 |
| rowspan="1" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="1" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |21 |5 |41 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=8 valign=top|Punjab (13) |
| rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="4" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Shiromani Akali Dal}} |8 |8 |32.9 |
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |3 |3 |11.7 |
| {{party color cell| Janata Dal}}
|1 |1 |4.2 |
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|1 |1 |3.8 |
| rowspan="3" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |8 |0 |25.8 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| Communist Party of India (CPI) |1 |0 |3.4 |
| {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|4 |0 |12.6 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=4 valign=top|Rajasthan (25)
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} !style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |25 |18 |44.5 |
| {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |25 |5 |41.7 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell| All India Indira Congress (Secular)}} |All India Indira Congress (Secular) |9 |1 |1.9 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}} |50 |1 |3.8 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=14 valign=top|Tamil Nadu (39) |
| rowspan="6" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="6" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |22 |18 |25.9 |
| {{party color cell|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|5 |4 |6 |
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |5 |3 |6.9 |
| {{party color cell|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |5 |3 |6.3 |
| {{party color cell|Janata Party}}
|1 |1 |1.5 |
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}}
|1 |1 |3.62 |
| rowspan="3" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |35 |0 |4.8 |
| {{party color cell|MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |3 |0 |1.1 |
| {{party color cell|United Communist Party of India}}
|United Communist Party Of India |1 |0 |0 |
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="4" style="background:#ffe8e8" |Third Front | {{party color cell| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}} |16 |4 |18.5 |
| {{party color cell|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)}}
|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) |19 |3 |19.2 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Communist Party Of India (CPI) |2 |1 |2.5 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) |2 |0 |0.6 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=9 valign=top|Uttar Pradesh (85) |
| rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="3" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |82 |57 |36.5 |
| {{party color cell|Samata Party}}
|2 |2 |0.8 |
| {{party color cell|Shiv Sena}}
|1 |0 |0.1 |
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |Congress+ | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} |76 |0 |6 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}} |85 |4 |20.9 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}} |81 |20 |28.7 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}} |Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) |1 |1 |0.5 |
| -
| - | {{party color cell|Independent (politician)|Independent}} |491 |1 |2.8 |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan=9 valign=top|West Bengal (42) |
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{Party color|Third Front}}" |
! rowspan="4" style="background:#ffe8e8" |Third Front | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} | Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) |32 |24 |35.4 |
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|Communist Party Of India (CPI) |3 |3 |3.6 |
| {{party color cell|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
|Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) |4 |4 |4.5 |
| {{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) |3 |2 |3.3 |
| rowspan="2" {{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance}}
! rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF3E8" |NDA | {{party color cell|Nationalist Trinamool Congress}} |All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) |28 |7 |24.1 |
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |14 |2 |10.2 |
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
! style="background:#FEF3E8" |UPA | {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}} | Indian National Congress (INC) |39 |1 |15.2 |
Support for the New Government
| class="wikitable"
|+ ! colspan="2" |Political Party !Seats !Alliance |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|182 | rowspan="19" |National Democratic Alliance |
| style="background-color:{{party color|AIADMK}}" |
|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |18 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samata Party}}" |
|12 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" |
|9 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
|8 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|7 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|6 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}" |
|4 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Lok Shakti}}" |
|3 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |3 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|Janata Dal |2 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Arunachal Congress}}" |
|2 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|1 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Haryana Vikas Party}}" |
|1 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}" |
|1 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress}}" |
|Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress |1 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}" |
|1 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Morcha}}" |
|Bahujan Samaj Morcha |1 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|2 |
| style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|12 | rowspan="1" |outside support |
| colspan=2|Total
|276 | |
Notes
{{notelist}}