Jiangmen

Jiangmen is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese name {{lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|江門}}}} or {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|江门}}}}, based on its pronunciation in the Mandarin dialect. Its former Wade-Giles spelling was {{nowrap|Chiang-men}}. The Postal Map spelling "Kongmoon" was based upon the same name's Cantonese pronunciation Gong¹-moon⁴. Other forms of the name include Kongmoon,{{cite book|year=1956|author=Theodore Shabad|title=China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic|location=New York|publisher=Frederick A. Praeger|lccn=55-11530|oclc=916993074|page=166|url=https://archive.org/details/chinaschangingma0000shab/page/166/mode/2up|quote=With the exception of Shiukwan on the Canton-Hankow railroad, Kwangtung’s regional centers are situated along the coast, notably in the Canton delta. There, in addition to Canton, are the cities of Fatshan, Kongmoon and Shekki. The metropolis of western Kwangtung is Tsamkong, and Pakhoi is the chief town of the western panhandle.}} Kongmun,{{cite journal|journal=The China Review |title=The Shun Tak Dialect|url=http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/26/2600399.pdf|author=Ball, J. Dyer.|year=1900|volume=25|issue=2|pages=57–68}} and Kiangmoon.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

Jiangmen is also known as Pengjiang.{{clarify|date=October 2016}}{{why|date=October 2016}} Its rural hinterland is known to the Chinese diaspora as the "Four Counties" (q.v.), although the addition of Heshan to Jiangmen has prompted the remaining locals to begin calling it the "Five Counties" instead.

Jiangmen was forced to open up to western trade in 1904, after a 1902 declaration which made it a treaty port.{{Cite web|date=2008-07-07 |script-title=zh:江门市|trans-title=Jiangmen City|url=http://xzqh.org/html/show/gd/16010.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716003658/http://xzqh.org/html/show/gd/16010.html|archive-date=2020-07-16|access-date=2020-07-15|website=xzqh.org|language=zh}} During the subsequent period of western influence, a number of western-style buildings were constructed along the city's waterfront, and currently, the city's government is partaking in a renewal project to restore many of these buildings.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

On 6 August 1925, the Guangdong provincial government placed Jiangmen under direct administration of the provincial government. Jiangmen was given a city government on 26 November of the same year. In 1931, this status would be revoked, and the city was placed under the administration of Xinhui County.

The city was incorporated into the People's Republic of China on 23 October 1949, and was proclaimed a city in 1951. The city later became the prefectural seat for the Sze Yup ("Four County") region including Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, Enping.{{Cite web |title=A Village That Bred Talent |url=https://www.quonquon.com/a-village-that-bred-talent.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413100310/https://www.quonquon.com/a-village-that-bred-talent.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=QUON QUON |language=en}} In Mainland China but not abroad, the area became known as the "Five Counties" when Heshan was added to Jiangmen's jurisdiction.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In June 1983, the city was upgraded to a prefecture-level city.

In 2011, the city banned pet dogs in public after rabies killed 42 people over the preceding 3 years.{{cite journal|last=Moore|first=Malcolm|journal=The Telegraph|title=Chinese city bans dogs |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8678489/Chinese-city-bans-dogs.html|date=4 August 2011}} The city reserved a 13-acre site to allow rural Chinese to adopt the 30,000 dogs,{{cite journal|journal=The Guardian|title=Cull of 30,000 pet dogs ordered after deadly rabies outbreak in Chinese city|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/03/chinese-city-bans-pet-dogs|author=Branigan, Tania.|year=2011}} but public outcry led to a softer implementation where violators would be told to leave rather than have the dog confiscated.{{cite journal|journal=South China Morning Post|title=Jiangmen ditches ban on pet dogs|url=http://gochina.scmp.com/guangzhou/news/jiangmen-ditches-ban-pet-dogs|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710010144/http://gochina.scmp.com/guangzhou/news/jiangmen-ditches-ban-pet-dogs|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 July 2012|year=2011}}

In 2017, Jiangmen Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone ranked 64th among national hi-tech zones in China.{{cite journal|journal=South China Morning Post|title=Jiangmen Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone - investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn|url=https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/201901/16/WS5c7cc489498e27e3380396e7/jiangmen-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone.html|access-date=13 February 2023}}

In 2020, Jiangmen Station of the West Pearl River Delta Transportation Center opened to the public.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The city is located on the lower reaches of the Xi River and the {{Interlanguage link|Tan River (Guangzhou)|lt=Tan River|zh|潭江|WD=}}, in the western section of the Pearl River Delta in the middle of southern Guangdong Province. It faces the South China Sea in the south and is {{convert|100|km}} away from Guangzhou and Zhuhai by highway.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} Jiangmen city has an area of {{convert|9,535|km²}},{{cite news|last1=the Propaganda Department of Jiangmen Municipal Party Committee |first1= |title=the overview of Jiangmen|url=http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/newzjqx/jmgk/content/post_2991131.html | publisher=Jiangmen Government}} about one quarter the size of the Pearl River Delta.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The climate is subtropical with monsoonal influences. The annual average temperature is {{convert|22.36|°C}}.

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Jiangmen (Xinhui District) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)

|Jan high C = 18.3

|Feb high C = 19.8

|Mar high C = 22.3

|Apr high C = 26.4

|May high C = 30.0

|Jun high C = 31.8

|Jul high C = 32.7

|Aug high C = 32.7

|Sep high C = 31.4

|Oct high C = 28.7

|Nov high C = 24.7

|Dec high C = 20.0

|Jan mean C = 14.6

|Feb mean C = 16.0

|Mar mean C = 18.8

|Apr mean C = 22.8

|May mean C = 26.2

|Jun mean C = 28.1

|Jul mean C = 28.8

|Aug mean C = 28.6

|Sep mean C = 27.6

|Oct mean C = 25.1

|Nov mean C = 20.9

|Dec mean C = 16.3

|Jan low C = 11.9

|Feb low C = 13.5

|Mar low C = 16.3

|Apr low C = 20.4

|May low C = 23.6

|Jun low C = 25.5

|Jul low C = 25.9

|Aug low C = 25.8

|Sep low C = 24.9

|Oct low C = 22.3

|Nov low C = 18.1

|Dec low C = 13.5

|Jan record high C = 27.8 |Jan record low C = 2.4

|Feb record high C = 29.4 |Feb record low C = 2.5

|Mar record high C = 31.6 |Mar record low C = 3.3

|Apr record high C = 34.0 |Apr record low C = 8.6

|May record high C = 36.1 |May record low C = 15.4

|Jun record high C = 37.6 |Jun record low C = 18.0

|Jul record high C = 38.3 |Jul record low C = 22.3

|Aug record high C = 37.7 |Aug record low C = 21.8

|Sep record high C = 37.4 |Sep record low C = 16.6

|Oct record high C = 34.5 |Oct record low C = 10.7

|Nov record high C = 32.4 |Nov record low C = 4.9

|Dec record high C = 32.0 |Dec record low C = 1.8

|year high C = |year low C =

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 43.2

|Feb precipitation mm = 41.3

|Mar precipitation mm = 67.6

|Apr precipitation mm = 160.5

|May precipitation mm = 273.5

|Jun precipitation mm = 335.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 271.2

|Aug precipitation mm = 301.4

|Sep precipitation mm = 207.7

|Oct precipitation mm = 72.2

|Nov precipitation mm = 34.2

|Dec precipitation mm = 31.8

|Jan humidity = 70

|Feb humidity = 77

|Mar humidity = 81

|Apr humidity = 83

|May humidity = 82

|Jun humidity = 83

|Jul humidity = 81

|Aug humidity = 81

|Sep humidity = 77

|Oct humidity = 69

|Nov humidity = 67

|Dec humidity = 64

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 6.4

|Feb precipitation days = 9.3

|Mar precipitation days = 13.2

|Apr precipitation days = 14.3

|May precipitation days = 17.2

|Jun precipitation days = 18.9

|Jul precipitation days = 17.2

|Aug precipitation days = 17.5

|Sep precipitation days = 13.5

|Oct precipitation days = 6.2

|Nov precipitation days = 5.6

|Dec precipitation days = 5.3

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 113.7

|Feb sun = 88.4

|Mar sun = 72.6

|Apr sun = 89.8

|May sun = 134.1

|Jun sun = 160.4

|Jul sun = 202.2

|Aug sun = 188.1

|Sep sun = 169.6

|Oct sun = 184.6

|Nov sun = 159.1

|Dec sun = 146.0

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 34

| Feb percentsun = 27

| Mar percentsun = 19

| Apr percentsun = 24

| May percentsun = 33

| Jun percentsun = 40

| Jul percentsun = 49

| Aug percentsun = 48

| Sep percentsun = 47

| Oct percentsun = 52

| Nov percentsun = 48

| Dec percentsun = 44

| year percentsun =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 May 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023 |title=Experience Template }}

}}

Jiangmen was selected by the Chinese state as a pilot city for a nationwide information programme.{{Which|date=July 2020}} It was also chosen by the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) as a trial city for the Regional Integration for Sustainable Economics (RISE) project.{{Cite web|date=2019-11-26|title=A brief introduction of Jiangmen|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/2019-11/26/content_27111304.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715235438/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/2019-11/26/content_27111304.htm|archive-date=2020-07-15|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Guangdong, China|publisher=China Daily|language=en}} According to the World Bank's "Report on Investment Environment in China" for 2005, Jiangmen was ranked the sixth most conducive city in China for investment.{{Cite web|date=2013|title=Research Report on Investment Environment of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/at/Documents/Tax/Chinese%20Services%20Group/CSG%20China_Research%20Report%20on%20Investment%20Environment%20of%20Jiangmen%20City_EN_2013.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716001544/https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/at/Documents/Tax/Chinese%20Services%20Group/CSG%20China_Research%20Report%20on%20Investment%20Environment%20of%20Jiangmen%20City_EN_2013.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-16|access-date=2020-07-15|publisher=Deloitte|language=en}}

The economic development strategies within Jiangmen focus on the three urban districts, and the south, middle and north lines.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} It is planned to develop four main economic areas: the central urban district of the city, the Yinzhou Lake ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=银州湖|t=銀州湖|p=}}) economic area, and two economic areas along the various transport axes.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

In 2018, the city reported a GDP of 290.041 billion Yuan, government revenue totaling 24.393 billion Yuan, and retail sales totaling 140.758 billion Yuan.{{Cite web|date=2019-12-02 |script-title=zh:经济综述|trans-title=Economic Summary|url=http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/newzjqx/jmgk/jjzs/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426214656/http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/newzjqx/jmgk/jjzs/index.html|archive-date=2020-04-26|access-date=2020-07-15|publisher=Jiangmen Municipal People's Government|language=zh}} In 2024, the city reported a GDP of 4022.96 billion Yuan.

Similar to other cities in the western Pearl River Delta, the manufacturing sector plays a significant role in Jiangmen's economy. The chief industries include manufacturing of New energy, machinery, textiles, paper, food products, electronics, and building materials. Other major industries include high-speed rail, motorcycles, household appliances, food processing, synthetic fibers and garments, and stainless steel products.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} Global brand names with a presence in the city include BP, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Hyundai, Panasonic, Veolia, Hutchison Whampoa, ABB and Tesco. Some worldwide brand which have factories in Jiangmen such include Basf, Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings and Lee Kum Kee foods.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The city was the proposed site of a $6.5 billion, 40 billion renminbi, uranium processing plant which would have supplied about half of the enriched uranium needed by China's nuclear power plants. Announcement of the plant in July 2013 was met by public protests.{{cite news|title=Rare Protest in China Against Uranium Plant Draws Hundreds|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/13/world/asia/rare-china-protest-against-uranium-plant-draws-hundreds.html|access-date=12 July 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=12 July 2013|author-first1=Andrew|author-last1=Jacobs|author-link=Andrew Jacobs (journalist)|url-access=limited}} The proposal was withdrawn out of "respect for public opinion" shortly thereafter.{{cite news|title=After Rare Protest, China Cancels Plans for Uranium Plant|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/asia/china-uranium-plant.html|access-date=13 July 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=13 July 2013|author-first1=Gerry|author-last1=Mullany|url-access=limited}}

Jiangmen Port is the second largest river port in Guangdong province.{{Cite web |last=iContainers |title=Port of JIANGMEN |url=https://www.icontainers.com/ports/jiangmen/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=iContainers |language=en}} The local government plans to develop a harbour industrial zone with heavy industries to include petrochemical and machinery plants, as well as an ocean-based economy.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

File:Jiangmen001.jpg

Jiangmen is the ancestral homeland of approximately 4 million overseas Chinese, who live in 107 countries and regions throughout the world. Strong oversea connections are especially found in the villages.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} The dialect spoken in Jiangmen city itself is a Siyi Yue dialect, but is distinct from the Taishanese spoken in Taishan City.{{cite thesis|type=PhD|last=Tan|first=Yutian|date=2017|title= Classifying Siyi Cantonese Using Quantitative Approaches|publisher=Ohio State University|url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502688160423343|quote=[T]he remaining six Siyi dialects can be divided into two major groups or clusters. Cluster 1 consists of Taishan and Kaiping, while Cluster 2 consists of Xinhui, Jiangmen, Doumen, and Enping. Within Cluster 2, Enping is phonologically the most marginal member, whereas Jiangmen is lexically the most marginal member.|quote-page=iii}} Every year, A unique dragon dance is performed in water during Pan Village Lantern Festival in Shuikou Town, Kaiping, Jiangmen, Guangdong.

File:唐宫1.jpg{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2020}}

A significant amount of historical heritage survives from the period of mass emigration prior to World War II. The most significant are the fortified multi-story towers found mainly in Kaiping. These are known as "Gold Mountain Towers" or diaolou. A number of natural hotspring resorts has been developed successfully by using its wealthy natural heated ground water resources such as Gudou Hotspring Resort ({{lang|zh|古兜温泉}}). Guifeng Mountain, a mountain visited by many tourists, is the peak of Jiangmen with an elevation of 545 meters above sea level.

The local government's economic development strategies emphasize the development of tourism and protection of the environment.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

Wuyi University is the only university which is founded within the city, whereby it's one of the member of [https://eao.sysu.edu.cn/ghmua/en Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Alliance (GHMUA)]. And Guangzhou Huali College Jiangmen campus is also located in the city.

And there are also some Vocational colleges in the city:

• Jiangmen Polytechnic College, located at Chaolian Island, enrolls about 13,000 students in various technical and humanities programs.
• Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College
• Guangdong Jiangmen Preschool Normal College
• Guangdong Nanfang Institute of Technology
• Guangdong Vocational College of Post and Telecom (Jiangmen Campus)

{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2020}}

The only international school in Jiangmen is Boren Sino-Canadian School, while bilingual schools include WuYi Country Garden Bilingual School and China-Hong Kong English School.

Jiangmen No. 1 Middle School is claimed{{By whom|date=July 2020}} to be the top middle school in the district. It used to be one of the best middle schools in Guangdong Province in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the quality of its education has been dropping in recent years and within the district of Jiangmen, its status is being constantly challenged by schools such as Xinhui No. 1 Middle School in Xinhui, Kaiqiao (Kaiping Emigrant) Middle School in Kiaping and Heshan No.1 Middle School in Heshan.{{Original research inline|date=December 2024}}

File:江门市丰乐路.JPG

File:GDExpwy S49 Taishan Direction Xinhui Siqian Section.jpg

Jiangmen has a mature network of inter-city and intra-city highways and expressways, whose total length has reached {{convert|10084.97|km|mi}} as of 2016.{{cite web|script-title=zh:江门统计年鉴-2017|url=http://www.jiangmen.gov.cn/zwgk/tjxx/tjnj/201712/t20171228_759722.html|author=Bureau of Statistics of Jiangmen Municipality|date=2017-12-28|access-date=2018-09-21|language=zh}} G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway travels at the north, connecting downtown Jiangmen to three of its administrative divisions Heshan, Kaiping and Enping, as well as nearby cities Yangjiang, Zhongshan and Foshan. {{ill|S32 Western Coastal Expressway|lt=|zh|西部沿海高速公路}} goes along Jiangmen's coastlines, linking Zhuhai at the east and Yangjiang at the west. G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway, S20 Guangzhou-Zhongshan-Jiangmen Expressway, G2518 Shenzhen-Cenxi Expressway and S47 Guangzhou-Foshan-Jiangmen-Zhuhai Expressway run through northeast Jiangmen. S49 Xinhui-Taishan Expressway connects Taishan and joints S32 at the south.

China National Highway 325 is the only highway in the national trunk road system that goes into Jiangmen. Several provincial highways, such as S273, S274, S276 and S367 link the city's suburb areas to major towns.

File:江门站 Jiangmen Railway Station.jpg is the largest railway station in Jiangmen city]]

File:China Railway Jiangmendong Sta Building.jpg

Although the very first railway, Sun Ning Railway, began operation in 1909, it was discontinued in 1938 to deny its use by the Japanese military. The second operational railway is the Jiangmen branch of Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway (opened 2011), which provides frequent service from Jiangmen railway station / Jiangmen East railway station to Guangzhou South Railway Station, where connections to the nation's high-speed railway network are available. Since the late 2012, Jiangmen is also served by the freight-only Guangzhou–Zhuhai Railway. Shenzhen–Zhanjiang high-speed railway, which opened in 2018, connects Jiangmen at Jiangmen railway station and Xinhui railway station, Shuangshuizhen railway station, Taishan, Kaiping South railway station and Enping railway station. Since then, Jiangmen is served by direct trains to Shanghai.{{cite web|url=http://shike.gaotie.cn/checi.asp?checi=D932|script-title=zh:D932时刻表|publisher=gaotie.cn|access-date=2018-09-22|language=zh-hans}}Jiangmen railway station of the West Pearl River Delta Transportation Center, opened to the public on 16 November 2020. Jiangmen north railway station in the West Pearl River Delta International Logistics Center, Opened in 2021.

File:GD 廣東省 江門客運碼頭 Jiangmen Ferry Piers 江門市港澳客運口岸 interior infastructure.JPG

Making use of the Jiangmen Port facilities, Chu Kong Passenger Transport (CKS) connects Jiangmen with high speed ferry services to Hong Kong (95 nautical miles) taking about 2.5 hours each way. Shanzui Harbor connects Jiangmen taishan with ferry services to Shangchuan Island and Xiachuan Island taking about 30 min each way.

File:Waiting room of Jianghai Coach Terminal, Jiangmen.jpg

There are 18 coach terminals across Jiangmen as of 2016. 1,137 licensed coaches owned by 23 operators provide inter-county and inter-city bus services to major cities within and outside Guangdong.{{cite book|title=Jiangmen Yearbook |author=Jiangmen People's Government Office of Local Chronicles |isbn=9787514427752}}

{{Clear}}

File:Jiangmendong Intercity Railway Station Bus Terminal.jpg

Bus service within Pengjiang and Jianghai Districts are provided by Jiangmen Bus Co. Ltd.. Bus routes in Xinhui District were formerly operated by Macao-based Xinfuli Co., but all routes were consolidated into the city-owned bus system run by Jiangmen Automobile Transportation Group Co. Ltd. in 2010. Transit buses in other districts are operated by Jiangmen Automobile Transportation Group and other private companies.

By 2016, there are 1,077 taxicabs in Jiangmen, most of which are operated by local companies.

{{Clear}}

Sorted by family name/surname (as per the English spelling), then by English given name (if applicable) or by Chinese given name (if no English given name is available).

• Chin Siu Dek, Grandmaster of Kung Fu San Soo
• Victoria Chung (1897-1966) also known as Zhang Xiaobai, Canadian physician at {{ill|Jiangmen Central Hospital|zh|江门市中心医院}}
• Li Enliang (1912–2008), Chinese civil engineer and educator
• Inky Mark (born 1947), Canadian politician, mayor of Dauphin (1994–1997) and Member of Parliament (1997–2004)
• James Wong Howe (1899–1976), American cinematographer
• Tony Wong Chun-loong a.k.a. Wong Yuk-long, Hong Kong comic artist, moved to Hong Kong from Jiangmen at age 6{{cite web|last=Chow|first=Vivienne|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1890630/little-rascals-head-hangzhou-hong-kong-comic-king-plans-hk800m-theme|title='Little Rascals' head to Hangzhou: Hong Kong comic king plans a HK$800m theme park far from home|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=2015-12-13}} - The biographical data is in the form of an image, and is not text searchable.
• Tyrus Wong (1910–2016), American painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, designer and kite maker
• Leland Yee (born 1948), California State Senator and accused arms dealer

• List of prefecture-level divisions of China

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Jiangmen}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20131206010047/http://jm.gd.vnet.cn/ Jiangmen International Website] {{in lang|zh}}

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