Jilin-1#Other satellites

{{Infobox space program

| name = Jilin-1

| native_name_a = 吉林一号

| country = {{flagicon|China}} People's Republic of China

| organization = Chang Guang Satellite Technology Company

| purpose = Commercial earth observation

| status = Active

| duration = 2015–present

| firstflight = 7 October 2015

| successes = 130

| failures = 4

| launchsite = {{Hlist | JSLC | TSLC | Tai Rui Barge}}

| launcher = {{Hlist | CZ-2D | KZ-1A | CZ-6 | CZ-8 | CZ-11 | KZ-11 | SQX-1 | Ceres-1 | SD-3}}

| image = File:Jilin-1 Smart Video (Shipin) Satellite.png

}}

Jilin-1 ({{Lang-zh|s=吉林一号|t=吉林一號|p=Jí Lín Yī Hào}}) is China's first self-developed commercial remote sensing satellite system. The satellites are operated by Chang Guang Satellite Technology Corporation and named after Jilin Province where the company is headquartered.{{Cite web |title=CG Satellite |url=https://www.cgsatellite.com/ |website=Chuang Guang Satellite Company Ltd.}} The first set of satellites were launched by Long March 2D in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 7 October 2015, at 04:13 UTC.{{cite web |title=哈工大参与研制的"吉林一号光学A星"发射成功|url=http://inews.ifeng.com/yidian/44790196/news.shtml?ch=ref_zbs_ydzx_news|access-date=2020-11-14|website=inews.ifeng.com}} All launched Jilin-1 satellites are in Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO).

As of 15 June 2023, there were a total of 25 launches of Jilin-1, and 130 satellites in orbit. Chang Guang originally planned to launch 138 total satellites by the year 2025, but expanded its goal in 2022 to 300 satellites{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=28 October 2022 |title=Chinese commercial remote sensing satellite firm to double size of constellation |work=Space News |url=https://spacenews.com/chinese-commercial-remote-sensing-satellite-firm-to-double-size-of-constellation/}} Jilin-1 is the largest Chinese commercial satellite constellation in orbit and has enjoyed generous funding since the Chinese government opened satellite imagery to private ventures. Chang Guang received $375 million (USD) of funding for the Jilin-1 program in November 2020.{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=11 December 2020 |title=Remote sensing satellite firm completes huge funding round as Chinese space sector activity accelerates |work=Space News |url=https://spacenews.com/remote-sensing-satellite-firm-completes-huge-funding-round-as-chinese-space-sector-activity-accelerates/}}

Satellites

= Video satellites =

The Jilin-1 series of satellites includes eight 'Jilin-1 Smart Video Satellites' also written as 'Shipin' ({{Zh|s=视频|p=shìpín|l=video}}).{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter D. |date=8 October 2022 |title=Jilin-1 Shipin-01, 02 (Jilin-1 Video-01, 02 / Lingqiao 1-01, 02) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-shipin-01.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page}}{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter D. |date=8 October 2022 |title=Jilin-1 Shipin-04, ..., 08 (Jilin-1 Video-04, ..., 08) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-shipin-04.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page}} First launched in the Jilin-1 series' inaugural 2015 launch, eight Jilin-1 smart video satellites provide 4K high definition (HD) Earth observation color video imagery from Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) with a revisit time of 3.3 days, and a five-year system life expectancy.{{Cite web |title=Jilin-1 Smart Video Satellites (4K HD) |url=https://www.satimagingcorp.com/satellite-sensors/jilin-1-satellite-sensor-1m/jilin-1-smart-video-satellite/ |website=Satellite Imaging Corporation}}{{Cite web |title=High Resolution Video Imaging Satellite |url=https://www.cgsatellite.com/high-resolution-video-imaging-satellites/ |website=Chang Guang Satellite}} The reported applications of these smart video satellites range from disaster response and economic monitoring to military and national intelligence collection. These satellites use a gaze imaging pattern, use three-axis stabilization, record full-color video between 437–720 nanometers (using a Bayer filter), weigh between 225–235 kilograms, and are 1230x642x2104 millimeters in size.

Three separate generations of Jilin-1 smart video satellites have been designed and launched with the first generation (01 and 02) launched on 7 October 2015, the second generation (one satellite, 03) launched on 9 January 2017, and the third generation (04–08) launched on both 21 November 2017 and 19 January 2018.{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter D. |date=8 October 2022 |title=Jilin-1 Shipin-03 (Jilin-1 Video-03) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-shipin-03.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page}} Satellites of the second generation of Jilin-1 smart video constellation feature updates to orbital propulsion, computer, power supply, and data transmission systems, based on feedback from first-generation users. It is unclear which upgrades took place between the second and third generations.

Jilin-1 video satellites have been used for supervising the 2013–2017 construction of Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium in Turkmenistan,{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=Construction Supervision of Ashkhabad Olympic Stadium |url=https://www.cgsatellite.com/case/56/ |website=CG Satellite}} recording taxiing aircraft at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport,{{Cite tweet|number=1325377922228629507|user=EnriKenhmann|title=Les satellites de la constellation chinoise Jilin-1 ont démontré récemment la capacité d'identifier, puis suivre en vidéo et en temps réel, les avions de l'aéroport international Hartsfield-Jackson d'Atlanta, aux Etats Unis.|author=Henri Kenhmann|date=8 November 2020|language=fr|trans-title=The satellites of the Chinese constellation Jilin-1 have recently demonstrated the ability to identify, then follow in video and in real time, the planes of the Hartsfield-Jackson international airport of Atlanta, in the United States.}} monitoring forest fire spread along the Sino-Russian border,{{Cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=Forest Fire Burnt Area Data Extraction |url=https://www.cgsatellite.com/case/forest-fire-burnt-area-data-extraction/ |website=Chang Guang Satellite}} and recording the launch of a OneSpace suborbital rocket.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfK1R3i5OGQ&ab_channel=MechDesignTV |title=OneSpace 零壹空间 OS-X1 suborbital rocket launch, JSLC Sept.2018, video from Jilin-1 sat |date=7 September 2018}} Jilin-1 drew domestic and international attention after Chang Guang released video from a Jilin-1 smart video satellite purporting to show a traveling Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor of the United States Air Force.{{Cite news |last=Dangwal |first=Ashish |date=8 April 2022 |title=Shadowing F-22 Raptor – China Plans To Turn Its Low-Cost Satellites Into Spy Platforms That Can Even Track Fighter Jets |work=The Eurasian Times |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/china-plans-to-turn-its-satellites-into-spy-fighter-jets/}}{{Cite news |last=Hollings |first=Alex |date=18 February 2019 |title=China claims they're able to track America's F-22 Raptor on radar: Could it be true? |work=SOFREP |url=https://sofrep.com/fightersweep/china-claims-theyre-able-to-track-americas-f-22-raptor-on-radar-could-it-be-true/}}{{Cite news |last=Camacho |first=Mario Samuel |date=29 April 2022 |title=How China Plans to Track Even the Most Advanced US Stealth Aircraft |work=The Infographics Show |url=https://www.theinfographicsshow.com/china-satellites-into-spy-satellites/}}

= Spectrum satellites =

The Jilin-1 satellite program also operates two hyperspectral imaging (HSI) satellites named Spectrum-01 ({{Zh|s=光谱01|p=Guāngpǔ-01|labels=no|l=}}) and Spectrum-02 ({{Zh|s=光谱02|p=Guāngpǔ-02|labels=no|l=}}). Onboard payloads of Spectrum satellites image light from a wavelength of 450 nanometers (visible blue) to 135 micrometers (long-wave infrared) across 26 separate bands.{{Cite web |title=光谱01~02星 |trans-title=Spectrum 01~02 star |url=http://www.jl1.cn/product_view.aspx?id=1354 |website=Chang Guang Satellite Technology Company Ltd. |language=zh}}{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter D. |date=14 January 2023 |title=Jilin-1 Guanpu-01, 02 (Jilin-1 Spectrum-01, 02) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-guanpu-01.htm}} The two Spectrum satellites orbit 528 kilometers above the Earth in a Sun-synchronous orbit which enables the satellites to image with a consistent geometric relationship with the Sun and have a 2-3 day revisit time recording images in 5 meter resolution for visible and near-infrared (NIR), 100 meter resolution for short and medium-wave infrared (SWIR, MWIR), and 150 meter resolution for long-wave infrared (LWIR).

Spectrum 01, also known as 'Jilin Lincao 1' ({{Zh|s=吉林林草一号|p=Lín cǎo yī hào|l=forest grass 1}}), was built with the cooperation of China's forestry system which uses the satellite to analyze the distribution of tree species in forests, detection of forest fires, the identification of diseases and pests, and tracking of the nation's severe desertification.{{Cite web |last=Wei |first=Xu |date=4 January 2019 |title=看太空！"吉林一号"光谱01、02星"出征" |trans-title=Look into space! Jilin-1 Spectrum 01 and 02 satellites are launched |url=http://jl.sina.com.cn/news/yaowen/2019-01-04/detail-ihqhqcis3111384.shtml |website=Sina |language=zh}} Spectrum 02, also known as 'Wenchang Supercomputer 1' ({{Zh|s=文昌超算一号|p=Wénchāng chāo suàn yī hào}}) was jointly invested and developed with the Wenchang Aerospace Supercomputing Center, part of the Wenchang International Aerospace City in Hainan Province and is primarily focused on marine ecological monitoring with additional functions in ocean search and rescue and undersea resource exploration.{{Cite news |last=Yu |first=Zhang |date=29 August 2018 |title=文昌航天超算中心进入实质性操作阶段 |language=zh |trans-title=Wenchang Aerospace Supercomputing Center enters substantive operational stage |work=Hainan Daily |agency=Xinhua |url=http://m.xinhuanet.com/hq/2018-08/29/c_1123344385.htm}}

= High-resolution satellites =

The most prevalent satellite series in the Jilin-1 program is the 'high resolution' ({{Zh|p=Gāo fēn|l=|labels=no|s=高分}}) series with sixty-three launched since June 2019. Despite sharing the name, these satellites have no relation with and are not to be confused with the better known Gaofen dual-use (military and civilian) satellite program. Jilin-1 Gaofen satellites carry both a panchromatic and multispectral imager.{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter D. |date=14 January 2023 |title=Jilin-1 Gaofen-02A, ..., 02F (Jilin-1 High Resolution-02A, ..., 02F) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-gaofen-02a.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page}}

= Wideband satellites =

The Jilin-1 Wideband ({{Zh|s=宽幅|p=Kuān fú|l=wide|labels=no}}) constellation at the moment consists in two generations of satellites. The first one, Kuanfu-01, features a high resolution and wide-field-of-view telephoto range imager providing a multi-spectral resolution better than 4 m and a swath width greater than 136 km, and high-speed storage and high-speed digital transmission systems. Three satellites of this generation have been launched, all onboard Long March 2D rockets, between January 2020 and May 2022.{{cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunther |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-kuanfu-01.htm |title=Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01 (Jilin-1 Wideband-01) |access-date=2 September 2023 |work=Gunter's Space Page}} The second generation satellites, while being significantly lighter (down to 230 kg from the 1200 kg of the first generation) offers improved performances with a 0.5 m resolution and a 150 km swath width. Only one satellite has been launched so far.{{cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-kuanfu-02.htm |title=Jilin-1 Kuanfu-02 (Jilin-1 Wideband-02) |access-date=2 September 2023 |work=Gunter's Space Page}}

= Other satellites =

Other satellites of the Jilin-1 program include a single LQSat verification satellite, the Optical-A ({{Zh|s=光学|p=Guāngxué|l=optical|labels=no}}) satellite, sixty-one high-resolution panchromatic (PAN) and multispectral imaging (MSI) satellites (not to be confused with the separate Gaofen program), and one successfully launched imaging satellite ({{Zh|s=魔方|p=Mófāng|l=magic cube|labels=no}} or 'Rubik's Cube').{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter D. |date=9 September 2022 |title=Jilin-1 Mofang-02A (Jilin-1 MagicCube-02A) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-mofang-02a.htm |website=Gunter's Space Page}}

List of satellites

class="wikitable"

!Satellite

!Launch (UTC)

!Function

!COSPAR ID

!Launcher

!Launch Site

!Status

Jilin-1 LQSat

| rowspan="4" |7 October 2015, 04:13 {{cite web|title="吉林一号"商业卫星组星成功发射-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2015-10/07/c_1116748162.htm|access-date=2020-11-14|website=xinhuanet.com|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622150903/http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2015-10/07/c_1116748162.htm|url-status=dead}}

|Electro-optical

|{{Cospar|id=2015-057A}}

| rowspan="4" |Long March 2D

| rowspan="4" |JSLC

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-01

|1.3m color video

|{{Cospar|id=2015-057B}}

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-02

|1.3m color video

| {{Cospar|id=2015-057C}}

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Optical-A

|0.72m PAN, 4m MSI

| {{Cospar|id=2015-057D}}

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-03

| 9 January 2017, 04:11 {{cite web|last=韩建平|title=快舟一号甲小型运载火箭实现"一箭三星"发射中国商业航天新业态开启-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2017-01/09/c_1120273621.htm|access-date=2020-11-14|website=xinhuanet.com}}

|0.92m color video

| {{Cospar|id=2017-002B}}

| Kuaizhou-1A

|JSLC

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-04

| rowspan="3" | 21 November 2017, 04:50 {{cite web|title=我国"一箭三星"成功发射吉林一号视频０４、０５、０６星-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//2017-11/21/c_1121988812.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302051917/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2017-11/21/c_1121988812.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2021|access-date=2020-11-14 |website=xinhuanet.com}}

|1m color video

| {{Cospar|id=2017-074A}}

| rowspan="3" | Long March 6

| rowspan="3" | TSLC

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-05

|1m color video

| {{Cospar|id=2017-074B}}

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-06

|1m color video

| {{Cospar|id=2017-074C}}

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-07

| rowspan="2" | 19 January 2018, 04:12 {{cite web|title=我国成功发射吉林一号视频０７、０８星-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-01/19/c_1122284141.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235324/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-01/19/c_1122284141.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 January 2018|access-date=2020-11-14|website=xinhuanet.com}}

|1m color video

| {{Cospar|id=2018-008E}}

| rowspan="2" | Long March 11

| rowspan="2" | JSLC

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Video-08

|1m color video

| {{Cospar|id=2018-008F}}

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Spectrum-01

| rowspan="2" | 21 January 2019, 05:42 {{cite web|title=我国成功发射"吉林一号"光谱01/02星搭载发射灵鹊-1A星和潇湘一号03星-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-01/21/c_1124020840.htm|access-date=2020-11-14|website=xinhuanet.com}}

|5m 26-band HSI

| {{Cospar|id=2019-005B}}

| rowspan="2" |Long March 11

| rowspan="2" |JSLC

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Spectrum-02

|5m 26-band HSI

| {{Cospar|id=2019-005E}}

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Gaofen-03A

| 5 June 2019, 04:06 {{cite web|title="吉林一号"高分03A星升空我国首次海上航天发射成功|url=http://jl.sina.com.cn/news/yaowen/2019-06-05/detail-ihvhiqay3768203.shtml|access-date=2020-11-14|website=jl.sina.com.cn|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719165411/http://jl.sina.com.cn/news/yaowen/2019-06-05/detail-ihvhiqay3768203.shtml|url-status=dead}}

|1.06m PAN, 4.24m 4-band MSI

| {{Cospar|id=2019-032E}}

|Long March 11

| Tai Rui

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Gaofen-02A

| 13 November 2019, 03:40 {{cite web|title=公司成功发射"吉林一号"高分02A星—长光卫星技术有限公司|url=http://www.charmingglobe.com/news_view.aspx?id=1843|access-date=2020-11-14|website=charmingglobe.com}}

|0.75m PAN, 3m 4-band MSI

| {{COSPAR|id=2019-075A}}

| rowspan="2" | Kuaizhou-1A

| JSLC

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Gaofen-02B

| 7 December 2019, 02:55 {{cite web|title=公司成功发射"吉林一号"高分02B星—长光卫星技术有限公司|url=http://www.charmingglobe.com/news_view.aspx?id=1913|access-date=2020-11-14|website=charmingglobe.com}}

|0.75m PAN, 3m 4-band MSI

| {{Cospar|id=2019-086A}}

| rowspan="2" | TSLC

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01

| 15 January 2020, 02:53 {{cite web|title=全球首颗亚米级超大幅宽光学遥感卫星 "红旗一号-H9"成功发射—长光卫星技术有限公司|url=http://www.charmingglobe.com/news_view.aspx?id=1975|access-date=2020-11-14 |website=charmingglobe.com}}

|0.5m PAN, 2m 4-band MSI

| {{Cospar|id=2020-003A}}

| Long March 2D

|{{Good|Operational}}

Jilin-1 Gaofen-02E

| 10 July 2020, 04:17 {{cite web|title=快舟十一号运载火箭首飞失利-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2020-07/10/c_1126221557.htm|access-date=2020-11-14|website=xinhuanet.com}}

|0.75m PAN, 3m MSI

| Failure

| Kuaizhou 11

| rowspan="2" |JSLC

|{{Lost|Launch failed}}

Jilin-1 Gaofen-02C

| 12 September 2020, 05:02 {{cite web|title="吉林一号"高分02C卫星发射失利-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-09/12/c_1126486097.htm|access-date=2020-11-14|website=xinhuanet.com|archive-date=13 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913195759/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-09/12/c_1126486097.htm|url-status=dead}}

|0.75m PAN, 3m MSI

|Failure

| Kuaizhou 1A

|{{Lost|Launch failed}}

Jilin-1 Gaofen-03B-01

| rowspan="9" | 15 September 2020, 01:23 {{cite web|title="一箭九星"创我国航天发射新纪录 "吉林一号"高分03系列卫星成功发射—长光卫星技术有限公司|url=http://www.charmingglobe.com/news_view.aspx?id=2227|access-date=2020-11-14|website=charmingglobe.com}}