John Lehman

{{Short description|American naval aviator, investor, writer and civil servant (born 1942)}}

{{for-multi|the Wisconsin politician|John Lehman (Wisconsin politician)|the English poet|John Lehmann}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = John Lehman

| image = John Lehman, official photo as Secretary of the Navy, 1982 (3x4 cropped).JPEG

| caption = Lehman in 1982

| office = 65th United States Secretary of the Navy

| president = Ronald Reagan

| term_start = February 5, 1981

| term_end = April 10, 1987

| predecessor = Edward Hidalgo

| successor = Jim Webb

| birth_name = John Francis Lehman Jr.

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|9|14}}

| birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

| residence = Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Manhattan, New York, U.S.

| death_date =

| death_place =

| party = Republican

| education = Saint Joseph's University (BS)
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (MA)
University of Pennsylvania (MA, PhD)

| website = https://www.johnflehman.com/

}}

John Francis Lehman Jr. (born September 14, 1942) is an American private equity investor and writer who was secretary of the Navy (1981–1987) during the Reagan administration in which he promoted the creation of a 600-ship navy.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jflpartners.com/team-info/john-f-lehman|title=John F. Lehman - Chairman, Founding Partner |publisher=J. F. Lehman & Company }}

Lehman is on the board of trustees for the thinktank Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI).{{Cite web|url=https://www.fpri.org/about/trustees/|title=Board of Trustees |date=July 23, 2015 |publisher=FPRI }} Lehman was also, from 2003 to 2004, a member of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, commonly called the 9/11 Commission, and signed policy letters produced by the Project for the New American Century. He was also an advisor to Senator John McCain for the 2008 presidential race,{{Cite web |url=http://www.johnmccain.com/Supporters |title=McCain Supporters |publisher=John McCain 2008 |access-date=2008-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317051123/http://www.johnmccain.com/Supporters/ |archive-date=2008-03-17 |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite news|url=http://www.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=88225|title=Ex-Navy secretary stumps for McCain in Berks County|last=Young|first=Mary|date=2008-04-15|newspaper=Reading Eagle|access-date=2008-09-16}} and for Senator Mitt Romney in his 2012 bid.{{cite news |author=Talbot, George |url=http://blog.al.com/live/2012/10/top_adviser_says_mitt_romney_w.html |title=Top adviser says Mitt Romney will continue production of Littoral Combat Ship |website=Alabama Live |date=8 October 2012}}

Education and family

Lehman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Constance (Cruice) and John Francis Lehman, an industrial engineer and decorated US Navy veteran (Lieutenant Commander).[https://web.archive.org/web/20150919203845/http://articles.philly.com/1990-07-09/news/25896548_1_reagan-years-navy-john-f-lehman The Philadelphia Inquirer] {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2022}} He graduated from La Salle College High School and received a B.S. in international relations from Saint Joseph's University in 1964, gained a B.A. from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (later elevated to an M.A.), and went on to earn an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania.

He is a first cousin once removed of Grace Kelly (Princess Grace of Monaco), and is Chairman of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, a public charity established after Princess Grace's death to support emerging artists in film, dance, and theater. He led the American delegation to the funeral of Prince Rainier. He and his family live in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and in Manhattan. He is a long-time Republican.

Military career

Lehman was in the U.S. Air Force Reserve for three years in Cambridge and in 1968 left the Air Force Reserve and joined the United States Naval Reserve as an ensign. He later rose to the rank of commander as a naval flight officer on the A-6 Intruder as a bombardier/navigator.{{Cite web|url=http://www.fighterpilotuniversity.com/alumni-house/alumni-news/low-ranking-secretary-of-the-navy/|title = Fighter Pilot University :: Low Ranking Secretary of the Navy}} He was on the staff of the National Security Council under Henry Kissinger.{{cite news | last =Wangenheim | first =Constantin | title =John F. Lehman, Former US Secretary of the Navy, on the South China Sea | newspaper =The Diplomat | location =Tokyo | date =October 10, 2016 | url =https://thediplomat.com/2016/10/john-f-lehman-former-us-secretary-of-the-navy-on-the-south-china-sea/ | access-date =May 26, 2018 }}

In 1977, Lehman founded the Abington Corporation, a consulting company with clients including defense companies such as Northrop Corporation. He remained its president and director until 1981, when he was appointed by Ronald Reagan to be Secretary of the Navy.{{cite news |author=Judith Miller |work=The New York Times |date=27 December 1982 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/27/us/navy-secretary-said-to-keep-ties-to-company-aiding-arms-makers.html?pagewanted=2 |title=Navy Secretary Said To Keep Ties To Company Aiding Arms Makers}}

=Secretary of the Navy (1981–1987)=

As the 65th secretary, appointed by Reagan in 1981, Lehman launched the idea of building a "600-ship navy". He became Secretary of the Navy at 38, a young age of which he was conscious in his dealing with admirals. He was unique in still being a commander in the Naval Reserve and on active flight status while he was secretary. He developed a strategic concept to counter the threat of Soviet incursion into Western Europe known as the "Lehman Doctrine". The plan called for a military response to any Soviet invasion in Europe by attacking and invading the Soviet Far East along the Pacific, a much less-defended front. Forces would sever the Trans-Siberian Railway and fight westward toward Moscow.

As a naval aviator, Lehman was a massive supporter of aircraft carrier power. His works as a lobbyist and author in the 1970s led him naturally to support a resurgence of US naval aviation under Reagan. His support for the 600-ship navy and promotion of the US Maritime Strategy are hallmarks of that, as are his reactivation of the four {{sclass|Iowa|battleship}}s. Both the carriers and the battleships were to announce the United States' overcoming of recent Soviet potential superiority by being capable of taking a war to the Soviet Union's doorstep.

According to Hedrick Smith in his book The Power Game, Lehman lost a fight at the Pentagon with the deputy secretary of defense, W. Paul Thayer, over reducing the number of future aircraft carriers planned. Lehman immediately went to the White House, which was unaware of Thayer's decision, and obtained a press release, declaring that Reagan had named two of the ships {{USS|Abraham Lincoln|CVN-72}} and {{USS|George Washington|CVN-73}}, which implied that Reagan had endorsed the 600-ship navy. Lehman was also instrumental in the forced retirement (from retired-retained status) of the Director of Naval Reactors (DNR), Admiral Hyman G. Rickover.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6NnRc1lBdIC&q=%22la+jolla%22+rickover&pg=PA84|title=Rickover: Father of the Nuclear Navy|first1=Thomas B.|last1=Allen|first2=Norman|last2=Polmar|date=19 August 2017|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=9781574884456|via=Google Books}}

Lehman sided with General Dynamics after it had falsified inspection records to hide welding flaws on submarines and pushed a settlement that paid over 600 million dollars for what Rickover called shoddy work.{{Cite magazine | issn = 0040-781X | last = Van Voorst | first = Bruce |author2=Thomas Evans | title = Overrun Silent, Overrun Deep | magazine = Time | access-date = 2009-03-19 | date = 1984-12-24 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951382,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050113073258/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951382,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = January 13, 2005}}

Lehman reportedly engaged in a sexual act with a stripper in front of 50 to 100 spectators in a hospitality suite at the Tailhook Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada in 1986,{{cite book |author=Vistica, Gregory L. |date=1997 |title=Fall From Glory: The Men Who Sank the U.S. Navy. New York City |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=0-684-81150-2 |pages=13–14, 391}}
- McMichael, p. p.19.
-According to the witnesses, Lehman licked whipped cream from the stripper's nude crotch. Vistica (p. 246) states that Lehman held a dollar bill in his mouth, which the stripper grabbed with her crotch. In the Department of Defense Inspector General investigation report on the 1991 Tailhook convention, Lehman is not mentioned by name in reference to the 1986 incident and is instead described as a "senior Navy official" (Vistica, p. 391). When asked about the incident on May 26, 1996, by Sam Donaldson and Cokie Roberts, Lehman responded, "I have to say that the description is far more lurid than the fact" (McMichael, p. 345) and had been seen cavorting with strippers at earlier Tailhook conventions.Lehman was reportedly a regular at Tailhook during his tenure as Secretary, and had been seen cavorting with strippers at earlier conventions (McMichael, p. 19) McMichael states that the number of onlookers was 50, while Vistica says it was 100. McMichael, William H. (1997). The Mother of All Hooks: The Story of the U. S. Navy's Tailhook Scandal. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. {{ISBN|1-56000-293-X}}. In the Department of Defense Inspector General investigation report on the 1991 Tailhook convention, Lehman is not mentioned by name in reference to the 1986 incident. When asked about the incident on May 26, 1996, by ABC Television journalists Sam Donaldson and Cokie Roberts, Lehman responded, "I have to say that the description is far more lurid than the fact."

Lehman resigned as SECNAV in 1987. He was then promoted to the rank of captain in the US Naval Reserve in 1989 and later retired from the US Navy as a reserve officer in that rank after 30 years of service. On October 13, 2020, the US Navy announced that it was naming the next {{sclass|Arleigh Burke|destroyer}} after him. The {{USS|John F. Lehman}} is under construction.

Later career

Lehman was a former investment banker with UBS AG, Paine Webber, and the president of Abington Corporation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mysticseaport.org/america-sea/john-f-lehman/|title = John F. Lehman: 2011|date = 18 October 2011}} {{As of|2020}}, Lehman is chairman of the private equity investment firm J. F. Lehman and Company, as well as chairman of the Hawaii Superferry. Lehman is chairman of the board of OAO Technology Solutions Inc. He is also an honorary member of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. {{As of|2005}}, he is a member of a number of influential conservative American think tanks, including the Project for the New American Century, The Heritage Foundation, the Foreign Policy Research Institute, the Center for Security Policy and the Committee on the Present Danger.

After his work in the 9/11 Commission in 2002, there was increased speculation that Lehman might be named to a chief security post within the Bush administration. Positions suggested included Director of Central Intelligence, Director of National Intelligence and secretary of defense when Donald Rumsfeld stepped down.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} During the 2008 presidential election, Lehman was named a possible secretary of defense in the case of a John McCain victory over the winning Democratic nominee, Barack Obama.{{Cite web|last=Alexander Burns|title=A peek at a potential McCain Cabinet|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/10/a-peek-at-a-potential-mccain-cabinet-015146|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Politico|date=October 31, 2008 }}

He is currently{{when|date=August 2016}} the chairman of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA and is a director of the OpSail Foundation. He is also a member of the board of overseers of the School of Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, and is a trustee of La Salle College High School.{{Cite web|url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/about/bio_lehman.htm |title = National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States}} He has been on the board of directors of the Ball Corporation since 1987. Lehman is also an advisory board member for the Partnership for a Secure America, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to recreating the bipartisan center in American national security and foreign policy.

On June 26, 2012, Lehman revealed to the staff of the United States Naval Institute and in a speech given in Portsmouth, United Kingdom, the Reagan administration secretly offered the use of the amphibious assault helicopter carrier {{USS|Iwo Jima|LPH-2|2}} as a replacement in case either of the two British carriers, the {{HMS|Hermes|R12|2}} and the {{HMS|Invincible|R05|2}}, had been damaged or destroyed during the 1982 Falklands War.{{cite web | title= Reagan Readied U.S. Warship for '82 Falklands War | url= http://news.usni.org/news-analysis/news/reagan-readied-us-warship-82-falklands-war-0 | work= News and Analysis | publisher= United States Naval Institute | date= June 27, 2012 | access-date=2012-07-13}} That revelation made headlines in the United Kingdom but, except for the US Naval Institute, not in the United States.{{cite web|title=Reagan 'cleared US ship for Falklands' |url=http://www.defencemanagement.com/news_story.asp?id=20155 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102185432/http://www.defencemanagement.com/news_story.asp?id=20155 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |publisher=defencemanagement.com |date=June 29, 2012 |access-date=2012-07-13}}

Bibliography

=Books=

On Seas of Glory: Heroic Men, Great Ships, and Epic Battles of the American Navy (2002)
Winner of the 2003 Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Naval Literature{{cite web |url=https://www.navalorder.org/awards-given/ |title=Latest NOUS Awards |publisher=Naval Order of the United States |access-date=December 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603021019/https://www.navalorder.org/awards-given/ |archive-date=2017-06-03 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.navalordernyc.org/previous-morison-book-awards |title=Previous Morison Book Awards |publisher=Naval Order of the United States, New York Commandery |access-date=December 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827031557/http://www.navalordernyc.org/previous-morison-book-awards |archive-date=August 27, 2016 |url-status=dead }}
Making War: The 200-Year-Old Battle Between the President and Congress Over How America Goes to War (Naval Institute Press, 2001)
America the Vulnerable: Our Military Problems and How to Fix Them (1992)
{{cite book |title=Oceans ventured : winning the Cold War at sea |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton |year=2018 }}
"The Executive, Congress, and Foreign Policy: Studies of the Nixon Administration" (New York: Praeger, 1974).
Command of the Seas: Building the 600 Ship Navy (Naval Institute Press, 2001)
Winner of the 1989 Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Naval Literature

=Critical studies and reviews of Lehman's work=

;Oceans ventured

{{cite journal |author=Zakheim, Dov S. |author-link=Dov S. Zakheim |date=Autumn 2018 |title=Lehman's maritime triumph |journal=Naval War College Review |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=141–146 |url=https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol71/iss4/ }}