Jolla#Sailfish OS

{{Expand section|1=a mention of Stephen Elop's involvement in the cancellation of the MeeGo project. See also Nokia#2010–2014|section=1|date=June 2020|small=no}}

File:Jolla logo.svg

In 2005, Nokia created a new GNU distro called OS2005, which shipped with the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet. It was renamed Maemo (version 5) and shipped with the Nokia N900 in 2009. An alliance of Nokia and Intel merged their Maemo and Moblin (also a free software GNU distro) projects into a new project called MeeGo in 2010. The same year, Nokia announced that the N8 would be the last flagship phone to run Symbian, and "Going forward, N-series devices will be based on MeeGo".{{cite web|title=Nokia picks MeeGo over Symbian for iPhone rival|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-picks-meego-over-symbian-for-iphone-rival/|access-date=February 20, 2020|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327112009/https://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-picks-meego-over-symbian-for-iphone-rival/|url-status=live}}

Unexpectedly, in 2011 the MeeGo project was cancelled, regardless of MeeGo's potential for success, as a cost-cutting measure by then-Nokia CEO, Stephen Elop.{{Cite web |title=Nokia will not return to MeeGo even if N9 turns out to be a hit, says Stephen Elop |url=http://blog.gsmarena.com/nokia-will-not-return-to-meego-even-if-n9-turns-out-to-be-a-hit-says-stephen-elop/ |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=blog.gsmarena.com|date=26 June 2011 }} In compliance with agreements with Intel, one MeeGo device was released, the Nokia N9, which achieved iconic status.{{Cite web |title=Nokia - N9 |url=https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/nokia-n9 |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=www.mobilephonemuseum.com |language=en}}

Despite the N9 market success, the MeeGo project in Nokia was already doomed and a general atmosphere around it was having more and more negative influence on the MeeGo team and other Nokia employees. As a result, in October 2011, some of the MeeGo team left Nokia to form the project called Jolla, aimed at developing new opportunities with the GNU MeeGo OS, using funding from Nokia's "Bridge" program which helps establish and support start-up companies by ex-Nokia employees.{{citation|title=Many former Nokia employees start businesses of their own|url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Many+former+Nokia+employees+start+businesses+of+their+own/1329104331230|newspaper=Helsingin Sanomat|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209172544/http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Many+former+Nokia+employees+start+businesses+of+their+own/1329104331230|archive-date=February 9, 2014|df=mdy-all}}{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/10/nokia-bridge-nokias-incubator-gives-departing-employees-e25k-and-more-to-pursue-ideas-that-nokia-has-not/|title=Nokia Bridge: Nokia's Incubator Gives Departing Employees €25k And More To Pursue Ideas That Nokia Has Not|last=Lunden|first=Ingrid|work=techcrunch.com|date=10 July 2012 |access-date=7 June 2013|archive-date=October 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018153936/https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/10/nokia-bridge-nokias-incubator-gives-departing-employees-e25k-and-more-to-pursue-ideas-that-nokia-has-not/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/inside-nokia-bridge-how-nokia-funds-ex-employees-new-start-ups/|title=Inside Nokia Bridge: How Nokia funds ex-employees' new start-ups|last=Tung|first=Liam|publisher=© 2013 CBS Interactive|work=ZDNet|access-date=7 June 2013|archive-date=June 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602060257/http://www.zdnet.com/inside-nokia-bridge-how-nokia-funds-ex-employees-new-start-ups-7000000863/|url-status=live}}

At the time, Nokia was supporting employees leaving the company with a €25,000 start-up grant, but Jolla's founders had not given any rights to patents or other intellectual property to Jolla. Jolla's Sailfish OS, which used middleware core stack of Mer, is a direct successor to MeeGo and the Jolla is successor of N9, but used only the open-sourced components of MeeGo, while the closed-source user interface design (of codename Harmattan) for all future devices had to be developed from scratch. As a result, new mobile standards were established together with Mer.

On 6 July 2012, Jolla publicly announced its intention to develop new smartphones that used a gesture-oriented swipe interface corresponding to former Nokia's Harmattan UI experience. They named their operating system "Sailfish OS", which includes a gesture-based user interface developed using Qt, QML and HTML5, as did Nokia's N9.

Jolla cooperated with others to grow their applications and the MeeGo platform.{{cite web|last=Davies|first=Chris|title=Jolla Mobile CEO: "MeeGo is not dead"|url=http://www.slashgear.com/jolla-mobile-ceo-meego-is-not-dead-11238013/|work=slashgear.com|date=July 11, 2012|publisher=SlashGear|access-date=19 August 2012|archive-date=August 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815073314/http://www.slashgear.com/jolla-mobile-ceo-meego-is-not-dead-11238013/|url-status=live}} On 17 September 2013, it announced that the phone will be capable of running Android applications, thanks to the built-in Alien Dalvik. Due to formal limitations, the Google Play Store had to be installed by the end user manually.{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/09/17/jolla_sailfish_os_android_support/|title=Jolla Sailfish OS to support Android hardware, apps|publisher=The Register|access-date=15 December 2013|archive-date=July 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720165515/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/09/17/jolla_sailfish_os_android_support/|url-status=live}} The ability to run Android applications on Linux has grown into the AppSupport product, which is offered for running Android apps on in-car infotainment systems and other embedded systems.{{cite web|title=AppSupport runs Android apps on any Linux Platform|access-date=26 February 2023|url=https://jolla.com/appsupport/}} This appears to be Jolla's main source of income, as of 2022-23.

On 7 July 2015, after a failure of cooperation with Chinese manufacturer to deliver the Jolla Tablet, Jolla announced it would spin off its hardware operations to a brand new company, and continue to focus on current activities as a developer and licenser of the Sailfish OS.{{cite web|title=Mobile Maker Jolla Splits In Two, With Sailfish OS Its First Order Of Business|url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/07/07/mobile-maker-jolla-splits-in-two-with-sailfish-os-its-first-order-of-business/|website=TechCrunch|date=7 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015|archive-date=July 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707125127/https://techcrunch.com/2015/07/07/mobile-maker-jolla-splits-in-two-with-sailfish-os-its-first-order-of-business/|url-status=live}}

In November 2015, Jolla had to lay off half of its employees due to financial problems caused by delayed financing from an investor. On 21 December 2015, forced to cancel the Jolla Tablet project, Jolla announced that they would be "shipping a small batch of the Jolla Tablet to early backers during early 2016" but "all of our backers will not get a Jolla Tablet",{{cite web|title=New Year's Greetings from Jolla|date=December 31, 2015|url=https://blog.jolla.com/new-years-greetings-jolla/|access-date=January 1, 2016|archive-date=January 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111140331/https://blog.jolla.com/new-years-greetings-jolla/|url-status=live}} because their Chinese manufacturer had already produced a batch as a consequence of delayed financing, while it was impossible to produce more as essential components were no longer produced. Subsequently, in April 2016, Jolla launched a campaign to refund all the tablet payments that had been made during the crowd-sourcing campaign,{{cite web|title=New Year's Greetings from Jolla|url=https://blog.jolla.com/jolla-tablet-refund-update/|date=25 May 2016|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=January 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101030510/https://blog.jolla.com/jolla-tablet-refund-update/|url-status=live}} but most backers lost their money.

After the setbacks with the tablet production, Jolla concentrated on developing the Sailfish mobile operating system. It acquired new investors in 2016, among them the Russian company Votron.{{Cite web |date=2016-05-11 |title=Russian company to use Sailfish OS components |url=https://reviewjolla.blogspot.com/2016/05/russian-company-to-use-sailfish-os.html |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=Sailfish OS Reviews}}{{Cite web |title=Rostelecom acquiring Votron, the majority owner in Jolla - together.jolla.com |url=https://together.jolla.com/question/178875/rostelecom-acquiring-votron-the-majority-owner-in-jolla/ |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=together.jolla.com}} In March 2018 they were joined by Rostelecom (which is state owned) as investor, which took over Votron and OMP.{{cite web|title=Rostelecom plans acquisition of Sailfish OS|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/rostelecom-plans-acquisition-of-sailfish-os--1230813|date=6 February 2018|access-date=9 February 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109042457/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/rostelecom-plans-acquisition-of-sailfish-os--1230813|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=A new strategic investor joins the Sailfish family|url=https://blog.jolla.com/new-strategic-investor-joins-sailfish-family/|date=18 March 2018|access-date=9 February 2020|archive-date=March 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307004418/https://blog.jolla.com/new-strategic-investor-joins-sailfish-family/|url-status=live}} Rostelecom owns 75% of the Sailfish based Aurora OS.{{cite web|url=https://nokiamob.net/2019/02/09/sailfish-os-is-now-aurora-os-in-russia/|title=SAILFISH OS IS NOW AURORA OS IN RUSSIA|date=February 9, 2019|access-date=September 3, 2021|archive-date=September 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903175643/https://nokiamob.net/2019/02/09/sailfish-os-is-now-aurora-os-in-russia/|url-status=live}}

In August 2017, Sailfish X was introduced for the Sony Xperia X smartphone.{{cite web|title=Introducing Sailfish X and all the details you want to know|url=https://blog.jolla.com/sailfishx/|date=25 August 2017|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=September 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905053945/https://blog.jolla.com/sailfishx/|url-status=live}} Support for the Sony Xperia XA2 was added as beta in November 2018.{{cite web|title=New Sailfish X support for Xperia XA2 variants and free trial|url=https://blog.jolla.com/new-sailfish-x-support-xperia-xa2-variants-free-trial/|date=8 November 2018|access-date=9 February 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109151832/https://blog.jolla.com/new-sailfish-x-support-xperia-xa2-variants-free-trial/|url-status=live}} Support for the newer Sony Xperia 10 was added in November 2019.{{cite web|title=Sailfish X for Sony Xperia 10 now available|url=https://blog.jolla.com/sailfish-x-sony-xperia-10/|date=19 November 2019|access-date=9 February 2020|archive-date=July 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704223524/https://blog.jolla.com/sailfish-x-sony-xperia-10/|url-status=live}}

In February 2022 Jolla announced that it has discontinued its business in Russia during 2021 and is seeking a shareholder structure without Russian ownership.{{cite web|title=LinkedIn|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/samulisimojoki_putinin-hy%C3%B6kk%C3%A4ys-ukrainaan-pakottaa-meist%C3%A4-activity-6904001201180934144-lb4d|access-date=March 4, 2022|archive-date=March 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304074353/https://www.linkedin.com/posts/samulisimojoki_putinin-hy%C3%B6kk%C3%A4ys-ukrainaan-pakottaa-meist%C3%A4-activity-6904001201180934144-lb4d|url-status=live}}

In November 2023 Jolla announced that Pirkanmaa District Court had approved a corporate restructuring plan which would see Jolla's business and staff acquired by a new company owned by the Jolla management team.{{cite web|title=Former leadership of Finnish technology company Jolla to purchase Jolla Ltd.'s business|url=https://jolla.com/content/uploads/2023/11/Former_leadership_buys_Jolla_Business_Pressrelease_271123_.pdf}}

In December 2023 German Developers ported SailfishOS successfully to Siemens GigaSet GX290 Smartphone model.

In May 2024 the original Jolla company filed for bankruptcy, its business activities having been taken over in 2023 by the Jollyboys company established by Jolla's former management.{{Cite web |last=Rintakoski |first=Kari |date=2024-05-24 |title=Jollaa haetaan konkurssiin |url=https://www.is.fi/taloussanomat/art-2000010451277.html |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Ilta-Sanomat |language=fi}}

{{Main|Sailfish OS}}

Sailfish OS is an operating system that can be adapted to different mobile devices.

Sailfish OS is an evolution of the Nokia MeeGo and Mer project. It is based on GNU free software code powered with C, C++, Qt and QML. The core is developed on Linux kernel that enables a wide hardware support.

Sailfish OS has its own native applications that can be developed and uploaded in the store through the portal harbour.jolla.com. Sailfish application are complemented by the Android ecosystem. Here with Alien Dalvik, third-party Android applications become compatible with Sailfish.

Sailfish OS has an open core that can be improved by the community but also a proprietary UI that is seen as the succession of the Nokia N9 interface. Basic UI applications, like mail, contacts, camera are provided by Jolla and are under continuous development.

Sailfish OS 1 was launched in December 2013 with the first Jolla phone.

Sailfish OS 2 was implemented in November 2015 for the Jolla Tablet and made compatible for all other products onward.

Sailfish OS 3 was released on 11 November 2018. This version and its ongoing series of updates introduced a faster user interface. The new generation will be focused on privacy and security as well as extending the support to new hardware.{{cite web|title=Sailfish OS about|url=https://sailfishos.org/about/|access-date=August 26, 2018|archive-date=August 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150254/https://sailfishos.org/about/|url-status=live}}

Sailfish OS 4 was released on 16 February 2021.

Sailfish OS 5 was released on 24 February 2025.

File:Marc Dillon with Jolla's phone - cropped.JPG

File:Waiting line to Jolla love room with Marc - KlausK.JPG

File:Jolla phone.jpg

• Jolla Mobile Phone (November 2013) - smartphone with Sailfish OS, 4.5in IPS qHD display, 16 GB storage, 1 GB RAM, a microSD slot and an 8 MP camera.{{Cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfAixpkzcBQ | title=Jolla - A new beginning (Official) | website=YouTube | access-date=August 26, 2018 | archive-date=December 31, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231012416/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfAixpkzcBQ | url-status=live }}
• Jolla Tablet - tablet with a display of 7.8 inches and over 300dpi, 2 GB of RAM and a Quad-core 1.8 GHz processor.{{cite web | url=https://jolla-devices.com/jolla-tablet/ | title=Jolla Tablet | date=15 October 2018 }}
• Jolla C - a Limited Edition developer and community phone. 5.0 inch IPS display, 16 GB storage, 2 GB RAM, MicroSD slot, 8 and 2 megapixel cameras {{cite web | url=https://jolla.com/jollac/ | title=Jolla C }}
• Sailfish X Program, first announced for the Sony Xperia X in October 2017{{Cite web|url=https://jolla.com/sailfishx/|title=Jolla shop|access-date=August 26, 2018|archive-date=August 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150331/https://jolla.com/sailfishx/|url-status=live}} and later expanded to support variants of the Xperia XA2, Xperia 10, Xperia 10 II, Xperia 10 III devices.{{cite web | url=https://docs.sailfishos.org/Support/Supported_Devices/ | title=Supported Devices }}
• Gemini, by Planet Computers in January 2018 – Sailfish OS, 4G and WLAN, full physical keyboard, 5.99-inch screen, 5 MP camera and stereo speakers.{{Cite web|url=https://blog.jolla.com/gemini/|title=Sailfish for Gemini Community Edition available now|date=June 26, 2018|access-date=August 26, 2018|archive-date=August 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150324/https://blog.jolla.com/gemini/|url-status=live}}
• Jolla C2 - Jolla's second Limited Edition developer and community phone.

The original Jolla phone was provided with a total of 34 updates and upgrades for 7 years.{{cite web |url=https://nokiamob.net/2021/01/05/jolla-ends-software-updates-for-the-first-jolla-phone/ |title=Jolla Ends Software Updates For The First Jolla Phone |date=2020-11-26 |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204205646/https://nokiamob.net/2021/01/05/jolla-ends-software-updates-for-the-first-jolla-phone/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://blog.jolla.com/jolla7/ |title=The Original Jolla Phone turns 7 today |date=2021-01-05 |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204225418/https://blog.jolla.com/jolla7/ |url-status=live }}

AppSupport uses a Linux Container (LXC) to run an Android-like environment within an embedded Linux system, synchronizing contacts and launchers and bridging notifications, media controls and libraries, cameras and networks with the host system, resulting in a highly integrated app environment. Although designed for SailfishOS, it has been ported to in-car entertainment systems, and unofficially to other mobile operating systems.{{cite web|title=A dive into Jolla AppSupport|access-date=4 February 2025|url=https://blogs.gnome.org/jdressler/2023/12/20/a-dive-into-jolla-appsupport/}}

Jolla's November 2022 whitepaper claimed a 99.4% pass rate on the Android Compatibility Test Suite, at about 97% of the performance of an Android Open Source Project environment. As of that date, AppSupport supports Android versions up to Android 10 (API 29, released in September 2019) and install unmodified APK files.{{cite web|title=AppSupport for Linux Platforms whitepaper|access-date=26 February 2023|url=https://jolla.com/content/uploads/2022/11/App-Support-for-Linux-Platforms-whitepaper-November-2022.pdf?x25612}}

With the upcoming release of SailfishOS 5 in February 2025, AppSupport supports API 33 (Android 13).{{cite web|title=Release notes - Tampella 5.0.0.55|access-date=4 February 2025|url=https://forum.sailfishos.org/t/release-notes-tampella-5-0-0-55/21801}}

• HMD Global
• Alcatel Mobile

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• {{Official website|jolla.com}}

{{Mobile operating systems}}

{{Mobile phones}}

{{GNU}}

{{Qt}}

Category:Software companies established in 2011

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Category:MeeGo

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