Sailfish OS#Aurora OS

{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2022}}

The OS is an evolved continuation of the Linux MeeGo OS previously developed by alliance of Nokia and Intel which itself relies on combined Maemo and Moblin. The MeeGo legacy is contained in the Mer core in about 80% of its code; the Mer name thus expands to MEego Reconstructed. This base is extended by Jolla with a custom user interface and default applications. Jolla and MERproject.org follow a meritocratic system to avoid the mistakes that led to the MeeGo project's then-unanticipated discontinuation. {{Cite web |title=Core Areas and APIs |url=https://docs.sailfishos.org/Reference/Core_Areas_and_APIs/ |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Sailfish OS Documentation |language=en-US}}

The main elements for {{nowrap|Sailfish OS 2.0}} include:

• Technically stronger OS core
• Improved Android application compatibility
• Support for ARM and Intel architectures, including the Intel Atom x3 processor, or any platform with kernel useable (settle-able) for MER core stack (also called middleware of Sailfish).
• Design to provide visibility in the UI for digital content providers and to enable OS level integration for mobile commerce
• Strong multitasking (one of the most important advantage of the OS and declared to be the best one on the market)
• Strong personalization features
• Enhanced user interface with new UI/UX features, including simpler swipe access to main functions, enhanced notifications and events views.

The {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} and the Sailfish software development kit (SDK) are based on the Linux kernel and Mer.{{cite web |title=SailfishOS.org |url=https://sailfishos.org/|website=Sailfishos.org}}{{cite web |url= http://blog.laptopmag.com/sailfish-os-5-things-jolla |title=What is {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}}? 5 Things to Know|website=Blog.laptopmag.com|date=20 May 2013}}{{cite web |url=https://sailfishos.org/about-architecture.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002211709/https://sailfishos.org/about-architecture.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-02 |title=SailfishOS.org }} {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} includes a multi-tasking graphical shell called "Lipstick" built with Qt by Jolla on top of the Wayland display server protocol.{{cite web |url=http://www.osnews.com/story/27545/From_Providence_to_Lahaina_the_Jolla_review |title=From Providence to Lahaina: the Jolla review |last=Holwerda |first=Thom |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=21 April 2014}} Jolla uses free and open-source graphics device drivers but the Hybris library allows use of proprietary drivers for Android.{{cite web |url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTM0OTE |title=Jolla Brings Wayland Atop Android GPU Drivers|website=Phoronix.com}}{{cite web |url= https://sailfishos.org/about-technology.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131102153317/https://sailfishos.org/about-technology.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2013-11-02 |title= SailfishOS.org }} Jolla fuzzily stated in 2015 that their goal for Sailfish is to become open source eventually,{{cite web |title=Jolla Open Source statement 2015|url=https://sailfishos.org/about-license.html |publisher=Jolla |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044101/https://sailfishos.org/about-license.html |archive-date=1 January 2015}}{{Update inline|?=yes|reason=Currently Sailfish's website does not appear to claim that OS will be eventually opensourced.|date=February 2015}} but some key components of Sailfish OS have been licensed proprietary by Jolla from the start and ever since (as of Sailfish OS 4.5.0.24 in September 2023).{{cite web |title=SailfishOS License Information |url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/SailfishOSS |publisher=MERproject |date=20 January 2016}}

{{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} can run some Android applications through a proprietary compatibility layer.{{cite web |title=Jolla OS Will Run Android Apps Says CEO Jussi Hurmola |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/375368/20120820/jolla-os-running-android-apps-jussi-hurmola.htm |date=2012-08-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825011134/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/375368/20120820/jolla-os-running-android-apps-jussi-hurmola.htm |archive-date=25 August 2012 |df=dmy-all }}

Sailfish is targeted at mobile devices.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Since it inherited around 80% of MeeGo code, Sailfish can be used as a complete general-purpose Linux OS on devices including in vehicle infotainment (IVI), navigation, smart TV, desktops and notebooks, yachts, automotive, e-commerce, home appliances, measuring and control equipment, smart building equipment, etc. See use cases of original MeeGo to compare,{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} and the Devices section for devices that run the {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}}.

The {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} SDK was announced at the Slush Helsinki conference in 2012, and the alpha was published in February 2013.{{cite web|title={{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} SDK Alpha released|date=25 February 2013|url=http://www.tizenexperts.com/2013/02/sailfish-os-jolla-sdk/|publisher=Tizen Experts|access-date=21 February 2015}} The SDK, installation and coding tutorials are available for free download from the {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} website despite the overall license not being open source.{{cite web |title=Sailfish End User License Agreement |url=http://jolla.com/sailfish-eula/ |publisher=Jolla |access-date=30 November 2014}}

Sailfish SDK uses Qt with VirtualBox for development, compiling and emulation purposes, in contrast to the simulation method.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} This technique allows compilation on the {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} and full testing of developed software in the virtual machine, emulating{{snd}}not simulating{{snd}}the whole {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}}.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} This also separates development activities and side effects from everything else running on the host computer, leaving it undisturbed by developments and tests.{{cite web|title=Developer FAQ|url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/sdk-overview/develop-faq/|website=Sailfishos.org|access-date=23 March 2015}} According to Jolla, development with Sailfish SDK is development on {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} itself; there are no differences between developed software appearance and behaviour in the SDK and on a device running {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}}.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

The availability of source code to the SDK allows shaping and rebuilding to companies' or developers' specific needs,{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} creating a context-specific environment that is set once and needs no preparation when the device is booted. The SDK runs on the operating systems Android, 32- and 64-bit versions of Linux, 64-bit versions of OS X, and Microsoft Windows.{{cite web |title=SDK Installation |website=Sailfishos.org |url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/sdk-overview/develop-installation-article/ |access-date=20 February 2015}} It can be used for compiling software for {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} devices from Linux sources. Its general console/terminal mode follows a commonly used standard. Compatible binaries or libraries can also be used.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

{{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} uses open source Qt APIs (Qt 5, QtQuick 2 etc.) and a proprietary Sailfish Silica for the UI. Standard Linux APIs are provided by the Mer Core.{{cite web|url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/sdk-overview/|title=Software Development Kit|publisher={{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} |access-date=21 February 2015}}

Sailfish, Ubuntu and Plasma Active have been cooperating to share common APIs. When successful, this will make the platforms compatible on the API level.{{cite web|title=[Qt-components] QML component APIs and techniques|url=http://lists.qt-project.org/pipermail/qt-components/2013-January/000126.html|access-date=20 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903141158/http://lists.qt-project.org/pipermail/qt-components/2013-January/000126.html|archive-date=3 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Sailfish Browser is the default web browser based on Gecko and using embedlite (also known as IPCLiteAPI), a lite-weight embedding API from Mozilla. Uses proprietary components.{{cite web|url=https://github.com/sailfishos/sailfish-browser|title=Sailfish Browser|website=GitHub|date=21 March 2022}}

Officially Jolla declares supporting the following 14 languages for the user interface:

Danish, German, English (UK), Spanish, French, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Finnish, Swedish, Russian, Chinese (mainland), and Chinese (Hong Kong). For each of them, the OS has a dedicated keyboard. There are a few more languages which are unofficially supported by community freelancers not under control by Jolla, hence more than 20 languages are supported in total. Additional languages can be installed by skilled users due to the Linux architecture.{{cite web|title=Language Settings|url=https://jolla.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/202109956-Language-Settings|website=Jolla com|publisher=Jolla ltd|access-date=14 June 2016}}

After positive experiences with pushing early updates to a small group of opt-in users for Sailfish Update 9 and for the connectivity hotfix, Jolla has allowed all interested parties to try a new version of {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} about 1–2 weeks before official release, in a program called "Early access". It is expected to be useful for developers and technically minded users, and a step towards more community integration into the Sailfish release process, including improvement of quality by identifying critical issues which only show up in certain environments or device setups, before rolling the update out to the wider user audience. As an added bonus, it provides a window for developers to test their applications on new releases of {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}}.

In the long term it will help Jolla to establish a developer program with early release candidate access for registered developers, and to have more community involvement in platform development. The first detail Jolla is hoping to learn from this is how it can gather feedback from a large audience in a reasonable way.

Basic details about the early access update:

• The early release access is meant primarily for advanced users and developers.
• To sign up for the program there is a checkbox in the Jolla accounts profile page.
• Installed early-access release cannot be downgraded. The only way to downgrade from early access releases is to do a factory reset after removing the sign up check from the user's account profile.
• Early access releases should be considered "reasonably stable". Issues found during that period will either be fixed, or added to "known issues" on the release notes.
• Signing up for the early access releases will not void warranty.{{cite web|last1=Wachter|first1=Bernd (Aard)|title=[Official announcement] Early access to SailfishOS releases [released]|url=https://together.jolla.com/question/79835/official-announcement-early-access-to-sailfishos-releases/|website=together.jolla.com|access-date=11 May 2017}}

{{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} has three naming conventions: version number, update number and version name.

• Sailfish OS 1.0 versions were named after Finnish lakes.{{cite web |url=http://thejollablog.wordpress.com/2013/11/28/jolla-system-updates-will-be-named-after-a-finnish-lake |title=Jolla system updates will be named after a Finnish lake |last=Suomalainen |first=Aleksi |work=The Jolla Blog |date=28 November 2013 |access-date=24 April 2014}}{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2014}}
• Sailfish OS 2.0 supports the Jolla Tablet with x86 platforms and featured a reworked touch based UI. Releases were named after Finnish rivers.{{cite web |url=https://together.jolla.com/question/139603/release-notes-202aurajoki-released/ |title=release notes 2.0.2/Aurajoki |date=28 July 2016 |access-date=5 October 2016}}
• Sailfish OS 3.0 and 4.0 features a slightly reworked UI. Releases are named after Finnish national parks.{{cite web |url=https://blog.jolla.com/sailfish3/ |title=Sailfish 3 is here! |date=31 October 2018 |access-date=2 February 2019}}
• Sailfish OS 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 features 64 bit support on the Sony Xperia 10 II, plus a new sharing system. Releases are named after Finnish Unesco world heritage sites.{{Cite web|date=2021-09-16|title=Sailfish OS Verla introduces a new sharing system, camera updates, and more|url=https://blog.jolla.com/verla/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Jolla Blog|language=en-US}}

When updating an installed Sailfish OS from an earlier release, for example after device factory reset, there are several stop releases{{cite web |title=Sailfish OS stop releases |url=https://jolla.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/201836347#4.1 |website=The Stop Releases (so far) |publisher=Jolla Oy |access-date=22 November 2021}} which must not be skipped and have to be installed before continuing on the path to subsequent releases. These releases provide new functionality that is not compatible with previous releases and have to be traversed in order not to put the Sailfish OS installation into an unstable state.

The Sailfish website publishes{{cite web |url=https://sailfishos.org/wiki/Porting/Harmattan |title=Porting/Hartmattan – SailfishOS |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103540/https://sailfishos.org/wiki/Porting/Harmattan |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 May 2015}} an online compendium of knowledge, links and instructions on porting issues.

In addition to its native applications, Sailfish can run some Android applications by installing them from an application store or directly through an APK file. Supported Android versions are 4.1.2 "Jelly Bean" on the original Jolla phone; 4.4.4 "Kit-Kat" on the Jolla C, Jolla tablet and Xperia X; 8.1.0 "Oreo", 9 "Pie" and 10 (depending on the Sailfish OS release) on Xperia XA2, Xperia 10 and Xperia 10 II.{{Cite web|url=https://jolla.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/201440787-What-Android-apps-does-Sailfish-OS-support-and-how-do-I-get-them-#2|title=What Android apps does Sailfish OS support and how do I get them?|date=23 March 2023 }} Problems can arise if these applications were built without following Android standards about controls, which might not display correctly and so become unusable.

Sailfish OS uses Alien Dalvik, a proprietary Android compatibility layer. It does not emulate Android, but instead implements its APIs by adapting the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) code to run as an application. Android applications can thus run at native speed without any perceivable slow-down. Sailfish can run both native Sailfish and Android software simultaneously, with the user switching between them on the fly.{{cite news |last=McAllister |first=Neil |title=Jolla's Android-aping {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} smartphones to land in November |work=The Register |publisher=Situation Publishing |date=2013-11-15 |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/15/jolla_phones_to_ship_in_november/ |access-date=16 November 2013}}

Starting with Alien Dalvik 8.1 (also called "Android App Support" since then), it uses LXC{{Cite web|url=https://together.jolla.com/question/198359/release-notes-sailfish-x-beta-30114/#198359-how-is-android-81-apps-support-better-than-that-of-444|title=[release notes] Sailfish X Beta (3.0.1.14)|website=together.jolla.com}} to improve security by better isolation, in the same way the open source Android compatibility layer Anbox is doing.

{{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} can be used on any hardware with Linux-kernel support and compatible with the middleware utilising the Mer core. Community enthusiasts have ported {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} to a number of devices this way.{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris#Smartphones|title=Adaptations/libhybris – Mer Wiki|website=wiki.merproject.org}} Instead of designation to a specific reference hardware platform, a VirtualBox implementation with the {{nowrap|Sailfish}} SDK is available for development on Linux, OS X and Windows operating systems. This virtual machine implementation contains the whole {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} isolated from local resources and the local OS to enable convenient evaluation of the behaviour and performance of coded or ported software before deployment on real devices.{{Cite web |title=Tools |url=https://docs.sailfishos.org/Tools/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Sailfish OS Documentation |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Installation |url=https://docs.sailfishos.org/Tools/Sailfish_SDK/Installation/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Sailfish OS Documentation |language=en-US}}

{{anchor|Devices}}

• Jolla Community Phone (A paid subscription is required to receive software updates. On C2 after 12 months.):
• Jolla C - Limited edition for the Sailfish OS community and developers.{{Cite web |title=Jolla C |url=https://jolla.com/jollac/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Jolla |language=en-US}} Announced in 2016. Not supported anymore. {{Cite web |title=Supported Devices |url=https://docs.sailfishos.org/Support/Supported_Devices/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Sailfish OS Documentation |language=en-US}}
• Jolla C2{{Cite web |title=Näin suomalaisen Jollan tarina jatkuu: uudenlainen tekoälytietokone ja yhteisölle suunnattu puhelin julki |url=https://mobiili.fi/2024/05/21/nain-suomalaisen-jollan-tarina-jatkuu-uudenlainen-tekoalytietokone-ja-yhteisolle-suunnattu-puhelin-julki/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Mobiili.fi |language=fi}} - Reference device designed for the Sailfish community.{{Cite web |title=Jolla C2 Community Phone |url=https://commerce.jolla.com/products/jolla-community-phone |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Jolla Shop |language=en}} Delivery starting 2024.
• Jolla Tablet - Crowdfunding project that did not deliver.
• Jolla Phone - First Sailfish phone.

Manufacturers can provide mobile equipment with a licensed {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}}, or as open source, or combining both and including their own or the operator's modifications and branding for specific markets or purposes.

• Sony Xperia 10 V - via Sailfish X{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Supported Devices|website=docs.sailfishos.org|publisher=Jolla Oy|date=21 April 2025|url=https://docs.sailfishos.org/Support/Supported_Devices/|access-date=21 April 2025}}
• Sony Xperia 10 IV – via Sailfish X
• Sony Xperia 10 III – via Sailfish X
• Sony Xperia 10 II – via Sailfish X
• Sony Xperia 10 Plus – via Sailfish X
• Sony Xperia 10 – via Sailfish X
• Sony Xperia XA2 Plus – via Sailfish X
• Sony Xperia XA2 Ultra – via Sailfish X
• Sony Xperia XA2 – via Sailfish X
• Planet Computers Gemini PDA – via Sailfish X (no updates anymore)
• Sony Xperia X – via Sailfish X (no updates anymore)

{{Update section|date=May 2024}}

Due to the relative ease of porting and the open source license, {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} has also been unofficially ported{{cite web|url=https://reviewjolla.blogspot.it/p/devices.html|title=Devices|website=reviewjolla.blogspot.it|access-date=2017-11-02}} to other 3rd-party devices. The Hardware Adaptation Development Kit for porters has been published and is free.{{cite web|title=Hardware Adaptation Development Kit|url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/hadk/|website=Hardware Adaptation Development Kit|publisher=sailfishos.org|access-date=14 April 2016}} These ports are mostly published on the Maemo and XDA Developers forums, and in the Mer wiki a list of the ports is compiled.{{cite web|last1=merproject.org community|first1=Sledge|title=Adaptations/libhybris|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris|website=wiki.merproject.org/wiki|publisher=merproject.org|access-date=28 August 2015}} Due to license restrictions, proprietary parts or extensions such as the Alien Dalvik compatibility layer for Android apps are not included. However they can be added, e.g. when a manufacturer or distributor turns it from the community version into an officially supported version for a particular device. From the originally more than 80 ports, there are about 19 ports that are still in active development – as of March 2019 – meaning they have been updated to Sailfish 3:

• Alcatel Idol 3{{cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_idol3|title=Install SailfishOS for idol3|website=wiki.merproject.org|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Fairphone 2{{cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_fp2|title=Install SailfishOS for fp2|website=wiki.merproject.org|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• F(x)tec Pro1{{cite tweet |user=chenliangchen |number=1114494724264595457 |date=6 April 2019 |title=A short tour of #SailfishOS on @thefxtec Pro1. Despite early adaptation stage UI is already pretty smooth.}}{{cite tweet|user=adampigg| number=1144341358028763143| date=27 June 2019| title=Working with @Mister1Magister and @NotTheKit to bring up #sailfishos on the @thefxtec Pro1 :) (ignore the huge icons for now!) @chenliangchen}}{{cite tweet| user=Mister1Magister| number=1143806462528905216| date=26 June 2019|title=Hold my beer #Jolla #SailfishOS @JollaHQ @thefxtec}}
• HP TouchPad{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
• Motorola Moto Z Play{{cite web|url=https://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=99669|title=Sailfish OS for Moto Z Play|website=talk.maemo.org|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Motorola Photon Q{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
• Motorola Moto X Force{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
• Motorola Moto X 2014
• Motorola Moto G 2014
• Motorola Moto G 2015
• Motorola Moto G4 Plus{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
• OnePlus X{{cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_onyx|title=Install SailfishOS for onyx|website=wiki.merproject.org|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• OnePlus One{{cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Bacon_Info|title=Bacon Info|website=wiki.merproject.org|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• OnePlus 3{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
• OnePlus 3T{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
• OnePlus 5{{cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_cheeseburger-dumpling|title=Install SailfishOS for cheeseburger/dumpling|website=wiki.merproject.org|access-date=2019-11-17}}
• OnePlus 5T
• OnePlus 6{{cite web|url=https://verdanditeam.com/device/enchilada|title=Sailfish OS for OnePlus 6(T)|website= verdanditeam.com |access-date=2025-05-14}}
• OnePlus 6T
• OnePlus 7T Pro{{cite web|url=https://forum.370.network/viewtopic.php?t=48|title=Sailfish OS portuvačky na OnePlus 7T Pro|website=forum.370.network|access-date=2025-05-14}}
• PinePhone
• Samsung Galaxy A5{{cite web|url=https://github.com/DeadSquirrel01/sailfishos-a5ultexx-releases|title=sailfishos releases for galaxy a5 |website=github.com|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Siemens GigaSet GX290 – via ADB loader
• Sony Xperia X Compact{{cite web|url=https://github.com/g7/sailfishx-patcher-f5321|title=Patcher script that applies the f5321 (Xperia X Compact) compatibility layer on top of official Sailfish X f5121 images |website=github.com|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Xiaomi Pad 6{{cite web|url=https://verdanditeam.com/device/pipa|title=Sailfish OS for Xiaomi Pad 6 (pipa)|website=verdanditeam.com|access-date=2025-05-14}}
• Xiaomi Redmi 2{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
• Volla Phone/Volla Phone X{{cite web|url=https://volla.online|title=volla.online home}}
• Xiaomi Redmi Note 3{{cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_kenzo|title=Install SailfishOS for kenzo|website=wiki.merproject.org|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Xiaomi Redmi Note 4{{Cite web|title=Install SailfishOS for mido|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_mido|access-date=18 Mar 2021|website=wiki.merproject.org}}
• Xiaomi Redmi 5 Plus{{cite web|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/wiki/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_Vince|title=Install SailfishOS for Vince|website=wiki.merproject.org|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Xiaomi Redmi 4X{{Cite web|url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/sailfishos-santoni/|title=SailfishOS for Redmi 4X|website=SourceForge|date=9 April 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-05}}

To display the ease of porting {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} to other devices, Jolla showed created ports and community ports at events like the Mobile World Congress, Slush and FOSDEM:

• Nokia N950{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RVQVtiL1os|title=Jolla Sailfish OS: Software Tour|website=youtube.com|date=27 February 2013 |access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Nokia N9
• Google Nexus 7{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qo-O_7g8q5k|title=Sailfish OS su Nexus 7|website=youtube.com|date=10 March 2014 |access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Google Nexus 4{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YvpbJJpc9y0|title=Sailfish OS Running On Nexus 4|website=youtube.com|date=4 March 2014 |access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Samsung Galaxy S3{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxJAssJpMqY|title=Sailfish OS su Nexus 4, Samsung Galaxy S3 e Xiaomi Mi2|website=youtube.com|date=26 February 2014 |access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Xiaomi Mi 2
• TCL Idol X950{{cite web|url=https://reviewjolla.blogspot.com/2014/02/photos-and-videos-jolla-phone-at-mwc2014.html|title=Photos and videos, Jolla Phone at MWC2014, day1|website=reviewjolla.blogspot.com|date=24 February 2014|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Google Nexus 5{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3ZadrSlScY|title=Sailfish OS 2.0 on LG Google Nexus 5|website=youtube.com|date=9 March 2015 |access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Fairphone 2{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQSG3zO6Kus|title=Hands On: Sailfish 2.0 on the Fairphone 2|website=youtube.com|date=24 February 2016 |access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Sony Xperia X{{cite web|url=https://blog.jolla.com/wrapping-up-mwc-2017-jolla/|title=Jolla at MWC 2017: wrap up|website=blog.jolla.com|date=21 March 2017|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Jolla Sailfish Watch
• Sony Xperia XA2{{cite web|url=https://blog.jolla.com/wrapping-up-mwc18/|title=Sailfish OS at MWC 2018: A Wrap-up!|website=blog.jolla.com|date=28 March 2018|access-date=2019-03-11}}
• Planet Computers Gemini PDA
• a feature phone similar to the Nokia 3310 assumed to be the Chinese Kingsun EF33{{cite web|url=https://jolla-devices.com/porting-sailfish-os-to-the-pseudo-3310/|title=A call to port Sailfish OS on the "pseudo 3310"|website=jolla-devices.com|date=3 September 2019|access-date=2019-10-10}}

{{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} is promoted by Jolla and supported by the open Sailfish Alliance established in 2011, a group established to unite OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers and retailers.{{cite web|title=Jolla|url=http://jolla.com/|access-date=19 November 2013}} On 16 August 2012, the user interface was reported to be ready for release. Jolla's CEO Jussi Hurmola stated in a ZDNet interview, " ... Our UI is ready now, we haven't released it yet, we will save it for the product launch and the platform is getting up now so the project looks pretty nice".{{cite web|last=Tung|first=Liam|title=Jolla's MeeGo UI is ready to go – and it's on the hunt for mobile talent|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/jollas-meego-ui-is-ready-to-go-and-its-on-the-hunt-for-mobile-talent/|work=ZDNet.com|publisher=2012 CBS Interactive|access-date=16 August 2012}}

The next day, Jolla's CEO Marc Dillon said on social networking website Twitter that the company had reached the first development target. Sailfish was debuted by the Jolla team, including a worldwide internet stream, as a demo of the OS, and the UI and SDK during the Slush event in Helsinki, Finland, on 21–22 November 2012. The alpha stage of {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} SDK was published at the end of February 2013 and was made available for free download.

On 16 September 2013, Jolla announced that its OS had been made compatible with Android applications and hardware.{{cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Amarendra|title=Jolla {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} Now Supports Android Hardware And Applications|date=16 September 2013|url=http://ceoworld.biz/2013/09/16/jolla-sailfish-operating-system-os-now-supports-android-hardware-and-applications|publisher=CEOWORLD Magazine|access-date=16 September 2013}} The first telephone to use it was launched on 27 November 2013 at a pop-up DNA Kauppa shop in Helsinki. The first 450 telephones were sold at this event, while the rest of the preordered devices were shipped shortly after.{{Cite web|url=http://www.technewscentral.co.uk/first-jolla-phone-with-sailfish-os-to-launch-on-november-27th/id_7134|title=First Jolla Phone with {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} to launch on 27 November|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-date=5 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105033042/http://www.technewscentral.co.uk/first-jolla-phone-with-sailfish-os-to-launch-on-november-27th/id_7134|url-status=dead}}

In August 2015, version 1.1.9 "Eineheminlampi" was released, which added the main elements of the revamped {{nowrap|Sailfish OS 2.0}} user interface.

{{nowrap|Sailfish OS 2.0.0}} was launched with the Jolla Tablet, and existing devices, both smartphones and tablets, from Jolla's official distribution channels are supported with upgrade to {{nowrap|Sailfish OS 2.0.0}} and following updates.

In May 2016 Jolla announced the Sailfish Community Device Program, supporting developers and members of {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}} community.{{cite web|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/apps/news-apps/jolla-looks-to-boost-ecosystem-with-developer-initiative/|title=Jolla looks to boost ecosystem with developer initiative – Mobile World Live|date=30 May 2016|work=mobileworldlive.com}}

{{main|Aurora OS (Russian Open mobile platform)}}

Jolla staff met with members of the Russian technology community to break ground on the new software and promote {{nowrap|Sailfish OS}}, as part of Jolla's BRICS strategy. As a result of those efforts, on 18 May 2015 the Russian minister of communications Nikolai Nikiforov announced plans to replace Apple's iOS and Google's Android platforms with new software based on Sailfish. He intends it to cover 50% of Russian needs in this area during next ten years, in comparison to the 95% currently covered with western technology.{{cite web|last1=Carrillo|first1=Gabriel|title=Russia Launches Its Own Phone Operating System|url=http://www.phonetips.net/russia-launches-its-own-phone-operating-system/|website=Phone Tips|publisher=Gabriel Carrillo|access-date=20 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530005813/http://www.phonetips.net/russia-launches-its-own-phone-operating-system/|archive-date=30 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}{{cite news|title=The Russian government is launching its own mobile operating system to take on Apple and Google|first=Rob|last=Price|work=Business Insider|date=19 May 2015|access-date=29 December 2015|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-launches-mobile-os-sailfish-to-take-on-android-ios-2015-5}} The Russian version is currently being developed under the brand name Mobile OS "Aurora" (мобильная ОС «Аврора»),{{cite web|title=Aurora OS|url=https://auroraos.ru/|access-date=22 November 2021 |publisher=OMP}} before 2019 as "Sailfish Mobile OS RUS".[https://www.company.rt.ru/press/news/d447516/ Russian mobile operating system begins a new stage of development under the brand name 'Avrora'.] Rostelekom, 7 Feb. 2019 (in Russ.).{{cite news |title=Rostelecom rebrands local Sailfish OS as Aurora |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/rostelecom-rebrands-local-sailfish-os-as-aurora--1279556 |access-date=27 August 2019 |publisher=Telecompaper |date=13 February 2019}} The Chinese multinational technology company Huawei was in talks with the Russian Ministry of Communications to install Aurora OS on tablets for Russia’s population census by August 2020.{{cite news |title=Huawei in talks to install Russian operating system on tablets for country's population census |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-huawei-russia-partnership/huawei-in-talks-to-install-russian-operating-system-on-tablets-for-countrys-population-census-sources-idUSKCN1VG1VN |access-date=27 August 2019 |date=26 August 2019}}

Jolla has cut business ties with Russia in 2021.{{cite news|title=SailfishOS Forum |url=https://forum.sailfishos.org/t/plea-for-official-statement-from-jolla/10430/40}}

Sailfish Alliance is the open alliance established in 2011 by Jolla company to support the MeeGo ecosystem with new products, services and business opportunities around or using Sailfish OS, a Linux operating system combining Mer with proprietary components from Jolla and other parties, for various purposes and mobile devices.

The alliance is seen as a competitor to other groups like Android's Open Handset Alliance.{{cite web|url=http://www.fiercewireless.com/europe/story/jolla-signs-first-sailfish-alliance-partner-it-seeks-device-oems/2015-03-04|title=Jolla signs first Sailfish Alliance partner, as it seeks device OEMs|work=FierceWirelessEurope}}

In 2011 some of the MeeGo team working at Nokia left, and were funded by Nokia though their "Bridge" program to fund spin-out projects by ex-employees.{{citation | url = http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Many+former+Nokia+employees+start+businesses+of+their+own/1329104331230 | title = Many former Nokia employees start businesses of their own | newspaper = Helsingin Sanomat}}{{cite web|last=Lunden|first=Ingrid|title=Nokia Bridge: Nokia's Incubator Gives Departing Employees €25k And More To Pursue Ideas That Nokia Has Not|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/10/nokia-bridge-nokias-incubator-gives-departing-employees-e25k-and-more-to-pursue-ideas-that-nokia-has-not/|work=techcrunch.com|date=10 July 2012 |access-date=7 June 2013}}{{cite web|last=Tung|first=Liam|title=Inside Nokia Bridge: How Nokia funds ex-employees' new start-ups|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/inside-nokia-bridge-how-nokia-funds-ex-employees-new-start-ups/|work=ZDNet|publisher=2013 CBS Interactive|access-date=7 June 2013}} The Sailfish Alliance has sought to collaborate between the Finnish software developers, and overseas handset manufacturers, some of which are in China.{{cite web|url=https://gigaom.com/2012/10/02/jollas-meego-revival-plans-shape-up-with-260m-ecosystem-alliance-in-hong-kong/|title=Gigaom Jolla's MeeGo revival plans shape up with $260m ecosystem alliance|author=David Meyer|date=2 October 2012|access-date=13 January 2018|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714025222/https://gigaom.com/2012/10/02/jollas-meego-revival-plans-shape-up-with-260m-ecosystem-alliance-in-hong-kong/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/jolla-all-eyes-are-on-the-hardware-but-what-about-the-ecosystem/|title=Jolla: All eyes are on the hardware — but what about the ecosystem?|author=Liam Tung|work=ZDNet}} The news media reports that a number of manufacturers in China and India want an alternative to Android.{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/jolla-gives-first-look-at-sailfish-os-as-it-plans-assault-on-google-apple-app-stores/|title=Jolla gives first look at Sailfish OS as it plans assault on Google, Apple app stores|author=Liam Tung|work=ZDNet}}{{cite web|url=https://www.bgr.in/news/jolla-snapdeal-form-alliance-to-promote-sailfish-os-among-indian-smartphone-manufacturers/|title=Jolla, Snapdeal form alliance to promote Sailfish OS among Indian smartphone manufacturers|first=Tasneem|last=Akolawala|date=4 March 2015|website=BGR India|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403204323/https://www.bgr.in/news/jolla-snapdeal-form-alliance-to-promote-sailfish-os-among-indian-smartphone-manufacturers/|url-status=dead}}

The Alliance aims to "unite OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers and retailers."{{cite web|title=Jolla's Sailfish OS promises multitasking, personalization and 'effortless interaction'|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/11/21/jolla-launches-sailfish-os/|publisher=engadget.com|access-date=26 November 2012|date=21 November 2012}}

The aim of the Alliance is to offer unique differentiation opportunities and sustainable competitive advantage for OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers, retailers and other interested in sides.{{cite web|last=SailfishOS.org community|title=Sailfish Alliance|url=https://sailfishos.org/about-alliance.html|work=Sailfish OS Wiki|publisher=sailfishos.org|access-date=3 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102153601/https://sailfishos.org/about-alliance.html|archive-date=2 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}

Sailfish Secure is an open and secure mobile phone platform, based on Sailfish OS. It was introduced publicly in Barcelona, Spain at the Mobile World Congress on 2 March 2015 where plans for Sailfish Secure were presented.

It is based on a security-hardened version of Sailfish OS and SSH's communication encryption and key management platform. It is developed by Jolla (the Sailfish OS designer and developer) together with SSH Communications Security (the inventor of Secure Shell SSH protocol) in collaboration with the Sailfish Alliance.

Sailfish Secure is marketed as having a hardware platform independent approach that allows concept adaptation to local needs, and collaboration with other security partners. End customers like governments or large corporations are able to adapt the product to their preferred or used hardware platform, as it is not tied to a specific hardware or configuration.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.com/2015/03/02/jolla_launches_sailfish_2_security/|title=Jolla launches Sailfish 2.0, now with added security|first=Simon|last=Rockman|website=www.theregister.com}}{{cite web|title=Jolla and SSH push Sailfish Secure as "European alternative" mobile OS|url=https://gigaom.com/2015/03/02/jolla-and-ssh-push-sailfish-secure-as-european-alternative-mobile-os/|website=gigaom.com|publisher=2016 Knowingly, Inc.|access-date=12 February 2016|date=2015-03-02|archive-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216034840/https://gigaom.com/2015/03/02/jolla-and-ssh-push-sailfish-secure-as-european-alternative-mobile-os/|url-status=dead}}

• Comparison of mobile operating systems
• Harmony OS
• KaiOS
• Nokia Asha platform
• Nokia X platform

{{Reflist}}

• {{Official website}}

{{Mobile operating systems}}

{{Linux distributions}}

{{Qt}}

Category:ARM operating systems

Category:Embedded Linux distributions

Category:Finnish brands

Category:Free mobile software

Category:Linux distributions

Category:MeeGo

Category:Mobile Linux

Category:Mobile operating systems

Category:Smartphone operating systems

Category:Software that uses QML

Category:X86-64 Linux distributions

Category:X86-64 operating systems

Category:Software developed in Finland