Julianus (frog)

{{Short description|Genus of frogs}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Scinax uruguayus01.jpg

| image_caption = Julianus uruguayus

| taxon = Julianus

| authority = Duellman, Marion & Hedges, 2016

| type_species = Scinax uruguayus

| type_species_authority = (Schmidt, 1944)

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = Two species (see text)

}}

Julianus is a genus of tree frogs in the family Hylidae.{{Cite journal|author1=Duellman, W.E.|author1-link=species:William Edward Duellman|author2=Marion, A.B.|author2-link=species:Angela B. Marion|author3=Hedges, S.B.|author3-link=Stephen Blair Hedges|date=2016|title=Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)|url=http://www.cnah.org/pdf/88524.pdf|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4104 |issue=1 |pages=1–109 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1|pmid=27394762 |via=The Center for North American Herpetology}} (Julianus, new genus, p. 28). Species of the genus are found in southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina.{{Cite web|title=Scinax uruguayus (Schmidt, 1944)|url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hylidae/Scinaxinae/Scinax/Scinax-uruguayus|access-date=16 February 2022|website=Amphibian Species of the World 6.1, an Online Reference}}{{Cite web|title=Scinax pinimus (Bokermann and Sazima, 1973)|url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hylidae/Scinaxinae/Scinax/Scinax-pinimus|access-date=16 February 2022|website=Amphibian Species of the World 6.1, an Online Reference}} This genus is considered poorly defined and is regarded by most to merely be a synonym of Scinax.{{Cite journal|author=Baldo, D.|author-link=species:Diego Baldo|display-authors=etal|date=2019|title=A review of the elusive bicolored iris Snouted Treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae:Scinax uruguayus group)|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=14|issue=9|pages=e0222131|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0222131|pmid=31553727|pmc=6760762|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1422131B|doi-access=free}}

This genus is named after Julián Faivovich, who has contributed a notable amount of knowledge to the study of South American tree frogs. It was created because Scinax uruguayus differed from other Scinax in the larval oral disc morphology. More specifically, the tadpole has two keratinized and pigmented plates on the lower jaw sheath, along with the posterior marginal papillae being larger than the papillae on the lateral margins.{{Cite journal|author=Faivovich, J.|author-link=species:Julián Faivovich|display-authors=etal|date=2005|title=Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision|url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/462/B294.pdf?sequence=1|journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History|volume=294|page=1|doi=10.1206/0003-0090(2005)294[0001:SROTFF]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=83925199 |via=AMNH Library Digital Repository}} The species Julianus pinimus was later added to this genus due to having similar features.

However, other papers claim that these frogs are not distinct enough to be grouped into an entirely different genus and should be readded to Scinax. This is because many of the characteristics used to define this genus are shared by other members of Scinax as well.{{Cite journal|last=Faivovich|display-authors=etal|date=2018|title=On the Monophyly and Relationships of Several Genera of Hylini (Anura: Hylinae), with Comments on Recent Taxonomic Changes in Hylids|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/94370/CONICET_Digital_Nro.1c2bb6bb-b760-4d07-a9e6-8a6329f70f4f_D.pdf;jsessionid=08E07B004001B96BEF22B8FBB49CB555?sequence=5|journal=South American Journal of Herpetology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–32|doi=10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00115.1|s2cid=90074090|via=Bienvenido al Repositorio Institucional del CONICET|hdl=11336/94370|hdl-access=free}}