Juncker Commission
{{Short description|European Commission from 2014 to 2019}}
{{Infobox European Commission
| cabinet_name = Juncker Commission
| cabinet_number = 6th
| incumbent =
| image = Ioannes Claudius Juncker die 7 Martis 2014.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| date_formed = {{Start date|2014|11|01|df=y}}
| date_dissolved = {{End date|2019|11|30|df=y}}
| commission_head = President
Jean-Claude Juncker
| commission_head_history =
| deputy_commission_head = First Vice President
Frans Timmermans
| state_head =
| members_number = 26
| former_members_number = 4
| total_number = 30
| political_parties =
- {{legend2|{{party color|European People's Party}}|EPP|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (14)
- {{legend2|{{party color|Party of European Socialists}}|PES|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (7)
- {{legend2|gold|ALDE|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (4)
- {{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|None|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)
| legislature_status =
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party =
| opposition_leader =
| election = 2014 European Parliament election
| last_election =
| legislature_term =
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =
| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| predecessor = Barroso Commission
| successor = Von der Leyen Commission
}}
File:Jean-Claude Juncker (13598019925).jpg delivering a speech at the election congress of the EPP in March 2014]]
The Juncker Commission was the European Commission in office from 1 November 2014 to 30 November 2019. Its president was Jean-Claude Juncker, who presided over 27 other commissioners (one from each of the states composing the European Union, except Luxembourg, which is Juncker's state). In July 2014, Juncker was officially elected to succeed José Manuel Barroso, who completed his second five-year term in that year.
Election
{{see also|European Commission#Appointment|Jean-Claude Juncker#Commission presidency}}
File:Laophorium Ioannis Claudii Juncker anno 2014.jpg]]
In the 2014 parliamentary election, Juncker campaigned as the candidate of the European People's Party (EPP) for the presidency of the European Commission.{{cite web|url=https://juncker.epp.eu/|title=Jean-Claude Juncker: Experience. Solidarity. Future.|publisher=European People's Party|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117130239/http://juncker.epp.eu/|url-status=dead}} The EPP won a plurality in parliament, and on 27 June, the European Council nominated him for the post. Later on 15 July 2014, the European Parliament elected Juncker as the new Commission president.[http://www.euractiv.com/sections/eu-elections-2014/parliament-elects-politically-ecumenical-juncker-commission-president Parliament elects ‘politically ecumenical’ Juncker as Commission President] EurActiv[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/12/cameron-european-policy-disarray-centrist-meps-back-juncker-commission-job-eurosceptics Blow to Cameron as centrist MEPs back Juncker for European commission job] The Guardian{{cite web|last=Baker |first=Luke |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-eu-commission-juncker-idUKKBN0EY1G820140623 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630124636/http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-eu-commission-juncker-idUKKBN0EY1G820140623 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 30, 2016 |title=Battle over Juncker underlines EU parliament's 'adulthood' |publisher=Uk.reuters.com |date=2014-06-23 |access-date=2016-05-04}} On 22 October, the European Parliament approved the Juncker Commission in its entirety and during the 23–24 October 2014 meeting of the European Council the Council formally appointed the new Commission.{{cite web|url= http://www.elections2014.eu/resources/library/media/20141028RES76402/20141028RES76402.pdf|title= EUROPEAN COUNCIL DECISION appointing the European Commission|author= |date= 22 October 2014|publisher= European Council|access-date= 2 November 2014|archive-date= 2 November 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141102065700/http://www.elections2014.eu/resources/library/media/20141028RES76402/20141028RES76402.pdf|url-status= dead}}{{cite web |url= http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/145397.pdf|title= European Council (23 and 24 October 2014) ‒ Conclusions|author= |date= 24 October 2014|publisher= European Council|access-date=2 November 2014}} On 1 November 2014, the new Commission officially assumed office.{{cite web |url= http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/top-stories/content/20140714TST52338/html/The-new-European-Commission|title= The new European Commission – Parliament elects new European Commission|author= |date= 23 October 2014|publisher= European Parliament|access-date=1 November 2014}}{{cite web |url= http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-1237_en.htm?locale=en|title= Juncker Commission takes office|author= |date= 1 November 2014|publisher= European Commission|access-date=1 November 2014}} Juncker has outlined a ten-point agenda for his Presidency focusing on jobs and growth.[https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/whitepaper/jean-claude-juncker-my-agenda-jobs-growth-fairness-and-democratic-change Jean-Claude Juncker: My Agenda for Jobs, Growth, Fairness and Democratic Change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030120353/https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/whitepaper/jean-claude-juncker-my-agenda-jobs-growth-fairness-and-democratic-change |date=2019-10-30 }} The Parliament Magazine
Policy
Under the Juncker Commission, the EU General Data Protection Regulation was passed. The Commission co-developed the law, culminating in a trilogue proposal between the Commission, Parliament, and Council on 15 December 2015. The GDPR entered into force on 24 May 2016.{{Cite web |title=The History of the General Data Protection Regulation {{!}} European Data Protection Supervisor |url=https://edps.europa.eu/data-protection/data-protection/legislation/history-general-data-protection-regulation_en |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=edps.europa.eu |language=en}}
The Commission abolished retail telephone and mobile data roaming charges in the member states and some others (Roam Like At Home).{{Cite web |title=EUR-Lex - 2016_185 - EN - EUR-Lex |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2016_185 |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |language=en}}
= Institutional reorganisation =
Juncker made the Commission's work more top-down by strengthening the Secretariat-General in two ways. Firstly, he gave it a gatekeeper function regarding new initiatives. All "major initiatives" must henceforth be approved by the "relevant Vice-President(s) and the First Vice-President, unless they are initiated directly by the President". Secondly, the SG was made chair of all inter-service steering groups (ISGs) dealing with priority initiatives in the Commission's work programme.{{Cite journal |last=Bürgin |first=Alexander |date=2018 |title=Intra- and Inter-Institutional Leadership of the European Commission President: An Assessment of Juncker's Organizational Reforms: Leadership of Commission President |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcms.12648 |journal=JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies |language=en |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=837–853 |doi=10.1111/jcms.12648|s2cid=158993394 |url-access=subscription }}:9-10 {{Cite journal |last=Bürgin |first=Alexander |date=2020 |title=The impact of Juncker's reorganization of the European Commission on the internal policy‐making process: Evidence from the Energy Union project |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/padm.12388 |journal=Public Administration |language=en |volume=98 |issue=2 |pages=378–391 |doi=10.1111/padm.12388 |issn=0033-3298|url-access=subscription }}:8-9
Juncker also abolished the position of Commissioner for Climate Action, merging it with the energy portfolio, to improve cooperation between staff in the Directorate-General (DG) Energy and the former DG Climate Action.:10
Commissioners
The following college of commissioners serves under Juncker's presidency:{{cite news|url=http://www.euractiv.com/sections/eu-priorities-2020/juncker-wants-more-women-new-commission-team-303388|title=Juncker wants more women in new Commission team|date=July 10, 2014|last=Cerulus|first=Laurens}}{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/sections/eu-priorities-2020/poland-italy-nominations-leave-juncker-needing-three-more-commissioners |title=Poland, Italy nominations leave Juncker needing four more commissioners |publisher=Euractiv.com |access-date=2016-05-04}}[http://png.euractiv.com/files/commissioners_092014-en-v5.png EU Commission College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913194429/http://png.euractiv.com/files/commissioners_092014-en-v5.png |date=2014-09-13 }}
; Parties
{{legend2|{{party color|European People's Party}}|European People's Party|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (14)
{{legend2|{{party color|Party of European Socialists}}|Party of European Socialists|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (7)
{{legend2|gold|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (4)
{{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|None|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; line-height:16px;"
| colspan="9" style="height: 10em; background:white" |File:European Commission.svg |
| style="height: 5em;"
| colspan="9" style="background-color:#2549a5" |{{ font color | #fff200 |Juncker Commission}} |
| colspan="9" style="background-color:#ffffff" | |
| colspan="9" style="background-color:#fff200" |{{ font color | #2549a5 |Confirmation by the European Parliament on October 22, 2014 • Appointment by the European Council on October 23, 2014 }} |
| colspan="9" style="background-color:#ffffff" | |
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#2549a5" |{{ font color | #ffffff |Portfolio}}
| colspan="2" style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#2549a5" |{{ font color | #ffffff |Designee}} | style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#2549a5" |{{ font color | #ffffff |Portfolio}} | colspan="2" style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#2549a5" |{{ font color | #ffffff |Designee}} | style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#2549a5" |{{ font color | #ffffff |Portfolio}} | colspan="2" style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#2549a5" |{{ font color | #ffffff |Designee}} |
| style="height: 15em;"
| style="width:150px;" |President | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |First Vice-President |style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |Vice-President High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy |style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Party of European Socialists}};" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px |
| style="width:150px;" |Vice-President {{small|Energy Union}} – Confirmation October 22, 2014 Took office November 1, 2014 |style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Party of European Socialists}};" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |Vice-President | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |Vice-President | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px |
| style="height: 15em;"
| style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:gold" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px |
| style="height: 15em;"
| style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Party of European Socialists}};" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px |
| style="height: 15em;"
| style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner |style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Party of European Socialists}};" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px Former Minister of Health | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px (None) |
| style="height: 15em;"
| style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner |style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Party of European Socialists}};" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px |
| style="height: 15em;"
| style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:gold" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:gold" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:gold" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px |
| style="height: 15em;"
| style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner |style="width:2px; background:{{party color|Party of European Socialists}};" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px |
| style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner {{small|Agriculture and Rural Development}} – Confirmation October 22, 2014 Took office November 1, 2014 | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |150x150px | style="width:150px;" |European Commissioner | style="width:2px; background:{{party color|European People's Party}}" | | style="width:150px;" |163x163px |
=Former members=
| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:#555;" |
| class="unsortable" style="width:5px;"|
! Nominee ! class="unsortable" style="width:70px;"| Portrait ! State ! Party |
|---|
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party}}" |
| {{sortname|Andrus|Ansip}}Ansip served until 1 July 2019. | 70px | Digital Single Market (Vice President) | {{flagicon|EST}} Estonia |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Party of European Socialists}}" |
| rowspan="2"| {{sortname|Corina|Crețu}}Crețu served until 1 July 2019. | rowspan="2"| 70px | rowspan="2"| Regional Policy | rowspan="2"| {{flagicon|RO}} Romania |
| style="background-color: {{party color|European Democratic Party}}" | |
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists}}" |
| {{sortname|Jonathan|Hill|Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford}}Hill served until 15 July 2016. | 70px | Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union | {{flagicon|GBR}} United Kingdom | AECR |
| style="background-color: {{party color|European People's Party}}" |
| {{sortname|Kristalina|Georgieva}}Georgieva served until 31 December 2016. | 70px | Budget and Human Resources (Vice President) | {{flagicon|BUL}} Bulgaria |
President's cabinet
The President's cabinet supports the President of the commission, and thus has a very central role in coordinating the work of the European Commission as a whole. The president's cabinet is led by Clara Martinez Alberola. Formerly, it was led by Martin Selmayr, who has been described as "the most powerful EU chief of staff ever."{{cite news|last1=HERSZENHORN|first1=DAVID M.|title='Monster' at the Berlaymont|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/monster-at-the-berlaymont-martin-selmayr-european-commission-jean-claude-juncker/|access-date=3 May 2017|agency=Politico|date=17 Nov 2016}}
Project teams
Juncker has for the first time proposed a commission that clusters certain members together under designated policy areas. These clusters are known as "Project Teams" and will each be headed by one of the vice presidents.[http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/new-commission-will-be-organised-in-clusters/ Vice-presidents to lead teams of commissioners] Each team is composed of a core membership in addition to members who may fall under its respective umbrella as needed.[http://ec.europa.eu/about/juncker-commission/structure/index_en.htm The new structure of the Juncker Commission] Timmermans and Georgieva both oversee all commissioners while the remaining five project teams are as follows:
=A Connected Digital Single Market=
:Vice President: Andrus Ansip (Digital Single Market)
:Elżbieta Bieńkowska (Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs)
:Corina Crețu (Regional Policy)
:Phil Hogan (Agriculture and Rural Development)
:Věra Jourová (Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality)
:Pierre Moscovici (Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs)
:Günther Oettinger (Digital Economy and Society)
:Marianne Thyssen (Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility)
::Vytenis Andriukaitis (Health and Food Safety)
::Jonathan Hill/Valdis Dombrovskis (Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union)
::Carlos Moedas (Research, Science and Innovation)
::Tibor Navracsics (Education, Culture, Youth and Sport)
::Margrethe Vestager (Competition)
=A Deeper and Fairer Economic and Monetary Union=
:Vice President: Valdis Dombrovskis (Euro and Social Dialogue)
:Elżbieta Bieńkowska (Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs)
:Corina Crețu (Regional Policy)
:Věra Jourová (Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality)
:Jonathan Hill/Valdis Dombrovskis (Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union)
:Pierre Moscovici (Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs)
:Tibor Navracsics (Education, Culture, Youth and Sport)
:Marianne Thyssen (Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility)
=A New Boost for Jobs, Growth and Investment=
:Vice President: Jyrki Katainen (Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness)
:Elżbieta Bieńkowska (Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs)
:Miguel Arias Cañete (Climate Action and Energy)
:Corina Crețu (Regional Policy)
:Jonathan Hill/Valdis Dombrovskis (Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union)
:Pierre Moscovici (Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs)
:Günther Oettinger (Digital Economy and Society)
:Violeta Bulc (Transport)
:Marianne Thyssen (Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility)
::Vytenis Andriukaitis (Health and Food Safety)
::Dimitris Avramopoulos (Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship)
::Johannes Hahn (European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations)
::Phil Hogan (Agriculture and Rural Development)
::Věra Jourová (Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality)
::Cecilia Malmström (Trade)
::Carlos Moedas (Research, Science and Innovation)
::Tibor Navracsics (Education, Culture, Youth and Sport)
::Karmenu Vella (Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries)
::Margrethe Vestager (Competition)
=A Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy=
:Vice President: Maroš Šefčovič (Energy Union)
:Elżbieta Bieńkowska (Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs)
:Miguel Arias Cañete (Climate Action and Energy)
:Corina Crețu (Regional Policy)
:Phil Hogan (Agriculture and Rural Development)
:Karmenu Vella (Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries)
:Carlos Moedas (Research, Science and Innovation)
:Violeta Bulc (Transport)
::Věra Jourová (Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality)
::Cecilia Malmström (Trade)
::Günther Oettinger (Digital Economy and Society)
::Pierre Moscovici (Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs)
::Marianne Thyssen (Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility)
::Margrethe Vestager (Competition)
=A Stronger Global Actor=
:Vice President: Federica Mogherini (Foreign Affairs and Security Policy)
:Johannes Hahn (European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations)
:Cecilia Malmström (Trade)
:Neven Mimica (International Cooperation and Development)
:Christos Stylianides (Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management)
::Dimitris Avramopoulos (Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship)
::Miguel Arias Cañete (Climate Action and Energy)
::Violeta Bulc (Transport)
=A European Agenda on Migration=
In 2015, when European migrant crisis unfolded, new project team was formed.[http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/docs/juncker-commission-1-year_en.pdf Juncker Commission. One year on]
:First Vice President: Frans Timmermans (Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights)
:Federica Mogherini (Foreign Affairs and Security Policy)
:Dimitris Avramopoulos (Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship)
::Johannes Hahn (European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations)
::Neven Mimica (International Cooperation and Development)
::Christos Stylianides (Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management)
::Věra Jourová (Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality)
::Julian King (Security Union)[http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-2707_en.htm President Juncker consults the European Parliament on Sir Julian King as Commissioner for the Security Union]
References
{{reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://ec.europa.eu/about/juncker-commission/docs/pg_en.pdf Political guidelines]
- [http://juncker.epp.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/nodes/en_01_main.pdf Priorities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045649/http://juncker.epp.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/nodes/en_01_main.pdf |date=2014-08-08 }}
{{European Commission|state=collapsed}}
{{Juncker Commission|state=collapsed}}
{{European Union topics|state=collapsed}}