KWKW#KTMZ
{{short description|Spanish-language sports radio station in Los Angeles}}
{{About|the Los Angeles radio station which has identified as KWKW since 1989|the radio station that identified as KWKW from 1941 to 1950|KMRB|the radio station that identified as KWKW from 1950 to 1989|KAZN}}
{{Redirect|KFAC (radio station)|other uses|KFAC (disambiguation){{!}}KFAC}}
{{good article}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox radio station
| name = KWKW
| logo = KWKW 1330 logo.png
| logo_alt = The words Noticias, an ampersand, and Deportes on three lines in white above the call letters and frequency K W K W 1330 AM (on two lines) on a red and gold shield with black trim
| logo_size =
| branding = {{langr|es|Noticias & Deportes}}, 1330 AM
| city = Los Angeles, California
| country = US
| area = Greater Los Angeles
| airdate = {{start date and age|1922|3|22|p=y|br=yes}}
| translator = {{Radio Relay|100.7|K264CQ|Los Angeles}}
| sister_stations = {{hlist|KFWB|KIRN|KTMZ}}
| licensee = Lotus Los Angeles Corp.
| owner = Lotus Communications
| former_frequencies = {{ubl|{{frequency|830|kHz}} (1922–1925)|{{frequency|1020|kHz}} (1925–1927)|{{frequency|1040|kHz}} (1927–1928)|{{frequency|1090|kHz}} (1928–1929)|{{frequency|1300|kHz}} (1929–1941)}}
| former_callsigns = {{ubl|KJS (1922–1925)|KTBI (1925–1931)|KFAC (1931–1989)}}
| licensing_authority = FCC
| facility_id = 38454
| class = B
| power = {{val|5000|u=watts|fmt=commas}}
| language = Spanish
| format = News/talk and sports radio
| frequency = {{frequency|1330|kHz}}
| affiliations = TUDN Radio
| callsign_meaning = Carried over from the former KWKW (1300 AM) in Pasadena; now KAZN
| coordinates = {{coord|34|01|10|N|118|20|44|W|type:landmark_region:US-CA}}
| repeater = {{Radio Relay|1220|KTMZ|Pomona}}
| webcast = {{listenlive|http://kwkwam.tunegenie.com/station/page/kwkwam/}}
| website = {{url|https://www.tuligaradio.com/}}
}}
KWKW (1330 AM) is a radio station in Los Angeles, California, United States, featuring a news/talk and sports format known as {{langr|es|Noticias & Deportes}}, 1330 AM. Owned by Lotus Communications, the station services Greater Los Angeles and much of surrounding Southern California and, since September 2019, has been the Los Angeles affiliate for Univision's TUDN Radio.{{r|KWKW TUDN 2019}} Having adopted the current sports format on October 1, 2005,{{r|KWKWESPNDeportes}} KWKW is the Spanish language flagship station for multiple Los Angeles professional sports franchises including the Rams, Lakers, Clippers, Kings, Angels and the LA Galaxy. KWKW itself is Southern California's oldest Spanish language radio station, having begun operations in 1941 at KMRB and licensed to Pasadena and transferring to KAZN—also based in Pasadena—in 1950. KWKW's programming and call sign moved to {{Frequency|1330|AM}} from {{Frequency|1300|AM}} in 1989 following Lotus' acquisition of the former and sale of the latter.
Historically, this station is perhaps best known as KFAC, one of the most visible commercial fine arts/classical music stations in the United States, and one of the first to have adopted the format on a full-time basis. For all but the final two years of their tenure with the format, KFAC boasted an airstaff with unprecedented stability and continuity including announcers Carl Princi and Fred Crane, and possessed the largest classical music library of its kind west of the Mississippi. By the time of their sales and format changes in 1989, KFAC and FM adjunct KFAC-FM (92.3) were two of only 41 stations—out of 9,000 commercial U.S. radio stations in operation—that played classical music,{{Cite news |last=Gerard |first=Jeremy |date=October 16, 1989 |title=The Media Business; Classical Stations Do Their Best To Survive |work=The New York Times |location=New York, New York |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFD7173CF935A25753C1A96F948260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/M/Music}} with The New York Times eulogizing KFAC as "a staple of Los Angeles's cultural life for 58 years".{{r|beethoven}} Launched by the antecedent of Biola University in 1922, the current KWKW license also holds a distinction of being the oldest surviving radio station in the United States to have been built and signed on by a religious institution.
Since 2003, the studios for KWKW have been located in the Los Angeles Hollywood Hills neighborhood, while the station transmitter is located in the nearby Crenshaw District, shared with KABC ({{Frequency|790|AM}}) and KFOX ({{Frequency|1650|AM}}).{{Cite news |last=Cox |first=Bobby |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Kintronic Triplexes KABC(AM) |work=Radio World |url=https://www.radioworld.com/tech-and-gear/kintronic-triplexes-kabcam |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111215311/https://www.radioworld.com/tech-and-gear/kintronic-triplexes-kabcam |url-status=live }} In addition to a standard analog transmission, KWKW's programming is streamed online and relayed over both low-power FM translator K264CQ ({{Frequency|100.7|FM}}) and full-power Pomona station KTMZ ({{Frequency|1220|AM}}).
History
= KJS and KTBI =
File:Panoramic view of Los Angeles, showing Sixth Street, Figueroa Street, Flower Street, east side of Sixth Street, ca.1916 (CHS-5795.6).jpg's downtown Los Angeles headquarters (pictured in 1916) was also the home for KJS, established by Biola in 1922 and renamed KTBI in 1925.]]
The Bible Institute of Los Angeles signed on station KJS on March 22, 1922,{{Cite news |last=Wilkins |first=Michael J. |date=1987 |title=Choosing a Church Home |publisher=Biola Radio |url=http://digitalcommons.biola.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=biola-radio-pubs |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617143610/https://digitalcommons.biola.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=biola-radio-pubs |url-status=live }} operating from their headquarters at Sixth and Hope Streets. Standing for "King Jesus Saves", KJS was the second religious broadcast station to have been established in the United States,{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2008 |title=After hiatus, Biola Radio sings again |url=https://chimesnewspaper.com/2144/news/after-hiatus-biola-radio-sings-again/ |access-date=January 9, 2020 |website=The Chimes |archive-date=January 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114062747/https://chimesnewspaper.com/2144/news/after-hiatus-biola-radio-sings-again/ |url-status=live }} four months after the Church of the Covenant established WDM in Washington, D.C.{{Cite web |title=Radio Heritage Foundation - KFSG Los Angeles - Setting the Record Straight |url=https://www.radioheritage.net/Story50.asp |access-date=January 9, 2020 |website=www.radioheritage.net |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219071303/http://www.radioheritage.net/Story50.asp |url-status=live }} and four months before John Wanamaker launched WOO in Philadelphia.{{Cite book |last=Fuller |first=Daniel P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0USBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75 |title=Give the Winds a Mighty Voice: The Story of Charles E. Fuller |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |year=1972 |isbn=9781498207157 |location=Eugene, Oregon |pages=75–76 |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054249/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0USBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75 |url-status=live }} Not long after going on air, a 1,000-watt transmitter was scheduled to be put into service in October.{{Cite news |date=August 10, 1922 |title=Bible Institute Plans Building Kilowatt Radio |page=8 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41978280/ |access-date=January 9, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054225/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41978280/bible-institute-plans-building-kilowatt/ |url-status=live }} As KJS was one of fourteen radio stations in operation in the region, a complex time-share arrangement between all stations to operate at {{Convert|360|m|kHz|lk=on|sp=us}}{{Cite news|date=June 18, 1922|title=Nearly 70 Sending Broadcast: Los Angeles Has Sixteen Stations and This District Has Sixty-seven|page=II6|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79812071/nearly-70-sending-broadcast-los/|access-date=June 18, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203247/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79812071/nearly-70-sending-broadcast-los/|url-status=live}} was established with preference given to KHJ,{{Cite news|last=Daggett|first=John S.|date=May 11, 1922|title=Broadcasting times changed: Southland Radio Association Amends Schedule; "Times" to be on the Air Twice Daily; New Sending Periods Are Effective Friday|pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896561/broadcasting-times-changed-pt-2/ 10]|newspaper=Los Angeles Daily Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896488/broadcasting-times-changed/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182021/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896488/broadcasting-times-changed/|url-status=live}} itself recently established by the Los Angeles Times.{{Cite news|date=April 14, 1922|title=Thousands listen to wireless program: Dedicatory Concert from Great New Air Station is Heard Throughout Southland|pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45896022/to-flash-news-by-radio/ 9]|newspaper=Los Angeles Daily Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45895961/thousands-listen-to-wireless-program/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182013/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45895961/thousands-listen-to-wireless-program/|url-status=live}} Consequently, KJS only operated for one hour on Sunday mornings, 45 minutes on Sunday evenings and 30 minutes on Wednesday nights at launch.{{Cite news|date=April 22, 1922|title=Pulpit Topics Cover Many Affairs of Day|page=3|newspaper=Los Angeles Daily Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45897533/pulpit-topics-cover-many-affairs-of-day/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182013/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45897533/pulpit-topics-cover-many-affairs-of-day/|url-status=live}} Programming primarily consisted of church services, including from the institute's affiliated Church of the Open Door,{{Cite news |date=August 19, 1922 |title=K. J. S. Bible Institute Radiophone: Program for the Week August 21st to August 27th |page=31 |work=Radio Doings |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1922-08-19.pdf |access-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054226/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1922-08-19.pdf |url-status=live }} though programs from other churches were also featured{{Cite news |date=July 21, 1928 |title=Church of the Open Door/The Bible Institute of Los Angeles |page=3 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41979669/ |access-date=January 9, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054259/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41979669/ktbi-ads-1928/ |url-status=live }} along with live musical offerings.{{r|Radio Pulpit Topics}} Charles E. Fuller, who would later become board chairman of the Bible Institute and host of The Old Fashioned Revival Hour, began his radio career at KJS in 1924.{{r|FullerBook}}
In August 1925, the station changed its call letters to KTBI to identify the station with The Bible Institute.{{r|church}} KTBI's program director in 1927, Herbert G. Tovey, also conducted the institute's women's glee club; the Bible Institute offered a range of music courses to its students.{{Cite news|date=September 23, 1927|title=Bible Institute Stresses Music|page=2|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976956/|access-date=January 9, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054229/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976956/bible-institute-stresses-music/|url-status=live}} Programming continued to feature the Church of the Open Door, as well as devotionals and a "Jewish Radio Hour", in addition to a daily children's program, Aunt Martha's Children's Hour.{{Cite news |date=December 18, 1927 |title=KTBI |page=74 |work=Radio Doings |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Early-Radio/Archive-Radio-Doings-IDX/IDX/Radio-Doings-1927-12-18-OCR-Page-0074.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054227/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Site-Early-Radio/Archive-Radio-Doings-IDX/IDX/Radio-Doings-1927-12-18-OCR-Page-0074.pdf |url-status=live }} The station broadcast on a variety of frequencies—including {{Frequency|830|kHz}}, {{Frequency|1020|kHz}} (sharing time with KHJ), {{Frequency|1040|kHz}}{{r|doings}} and {{Frequency|1090|kHz}}{{r|ads}}—before receiving the {{Frequency|1300|kHz}} assignment in General Order 40 reallocation.{{Cite news |last=Powers |first=Ralph L. |date=November 11, 1928 |title=New Broadcast Changes May Puzzle Radio Fan |page=15 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42104139/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054229/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42104139/new-broadcast-changes-may-puzzle-radio/ |url-status=live }} KTBI moved to new studios in June 1928{{Cite news |date=June 4, 1928 |title=New Studio at KTBI Station |page=14 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976576/ |access-date=January 9, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054231/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41976576/new-studio-at-ktbi-station/ |url-status=live }} alongside a power increase to {{val|1000|fmt=commas|u=watts}}.{{Cite news |date=April 20, 1928 |title=Children's Program for Institute Radio |page=8 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41977266/ |access-date=January 9, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054252/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41977266/childrens-program-for-institute-radio/ |url-status=live }} General Order 40 paired the station with another religious outlet: KGEF, the station of controversial evangelist Robert P. Shuler and his Trinity Methodist Church.{{Cite news |date=November 4, 1928 |title=Radio Schedule for Trinity Methodist |page=29 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41980098/ |access-date=January 9, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054256/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41980098/radio-schedule-for-trinity-methodist/ |url-status=live }}
KTBI operated on a noncommercial basis. As a result, when the Great Depression hit and donations fell, the station became unsustainable for the institute to operate. While oil magnate Lyman Stewart helped found and finance construction of the institute,{{r|BiolaOldFashioned}} he failed to endow it prior to his death, exacerbating their financial crisis.{{Cite news|date=October 19, 1930|title=Bible Institute in Challenge|page=II5|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79819996/bible-institute-in-challenge/|access-date=June 18, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203252/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79819996/bible-institute-in-challenge/|url-status=live}} Additionally, the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) informed the institute that it preferred religious programs be broadcast over commercially operated stations.{{Cite news|last=Frogley|first=Kenneth|date=April 29, 1931|title=Big Names, New Programs Due to Reach One's Ear|page=26|work=Daily News|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79820445/big-names-new-programs-due-to-reach/|access-date=June 18, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202337/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79820445/big-names-new-programs-due-to-reach/|url-status=live}} In 1931, the Bible Institute sold KTBI for $37,500 (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|37500|1931}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}) to the Los Angeles Broadcasting Company. Following a brief period of silence for technical repairs,{{Cite news|last=Treanor|first=Thomas|date=April 27, 1931|title=Grace Moore Sings on Weekly Opera Star Broadcast Tonight|page=14|work=Los Angeles Evening Express|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50696250/grace-moore-sings-on-weekly-opera-star/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182013/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50696250/grace-moore-sings-on-weekly-opera-star/|url-status=live}} it relaunched as a commercial outlet on April 30 under the KFAC call sign;{{Cite web|url= https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=37804 |title= History Cards for KWKW|publisher=Federal Communications Commission}} (Guide to reading History Cards) the KFAC calls had themselves previously been used between 1922 and 1923 on a short-lived station in Glendale, California, owned by the Glendale Daily Press.{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite news |last=Garver |first=N. D. |date=August 19, 1922 |title=A Station With Its Own Music: How KFAC Came to Have Its Own Orchestra-The Story of the Station and Its Aims |pages=5, 8 |work=Radio Doings |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1922-08-19.pdf |access-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054228/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1922-08-19.pdf |url-status=live }}|{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-World/20s/22/Radio-World-1922-Dec-09.pdf|title=The Aerial Press of America|last=R. Service|first=Washington|date=December 9, 1922|work=Radio World|access-date=January 11, 2020|pages=8–9|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054234/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-World/20s/22/Radio-World-1922-Dec-09.pdf|url-status=live}}|{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-World/20s/23/Radio-World-1923-Feb-17.pdf|title=Latest List of Broadcasters Totals 570|last=Butman|first=Carl H.|date=February 17, 1923|work=Radio World|access-date=January 11, 2020|page=10|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054234/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-World/20s/23/Radio-World-1923-Feb-17.pdf|url-status=live}}}} Along with the sale, the institute continued to have several programs broadcast over the new KFAC{{r|church}} and the time share with KGEF was to be maintained.{{Cite news|last=Treanor|first=Thomas|date=April 17, 1931|title=Entertaining Schedule of Familiar Features on Airways This Evening|page=20|newspaper=Los Angeles Evening Express|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50696389/entertaining-schedule-of-familiar/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182015/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50696389/entertaining-schedule-of-familiar/|url-status=live}}
A very visible reminder of KJS/KTBI's past existence would soon be constructed by the Bible Institute: two large red "Jesus Saves" neon signs on top of their headquarters next to the former transmission tower.{{Cite web |last=Humes |first=Edward |date=March 2, 2007 |title=How Biola University Is Out to Prove That It's No Old-fashioned Bible School Los Angeles Magazine |url=https://www.lamag.com/longform/biola-university-prove-no-old-fashioned-bible-school/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=Los Angeles Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180459/https://www.lamag.com/longform/biola-university-prove-no-old-fashioned-bible-school/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Hilliker |first=Jim |title=First Religious Radio Station in Los Angeles, California |url=http://www.laalmanac.com/religion/re59.php |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=www.laalmanac.com |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180508/http://www.laalmanac.com/religion/re59.php |url-status=live }} Removed after the building's 1988 demolition,{{Cite web |title=PCAD - Bible Institute of Los Angeles, Downtown, Los Angeles, CA |url=http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/17832/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=pcad.lib.washington.edu |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180500/http://pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/17832/ |url-status=live }} the sign was purchased by Gene Scott and placed on the United Artists Theatre in Los Angeles' downtown (renamed "University Cathedral"){{Cite web |last=Kudler |first=Adrian Glick |date=September 12, 2011 |title=One of Downtown's Jesus Saves Signs Taken Away in Dead of Night |url=https://la.curbed.com/2011/9/12/10442404/one-of-downtowns-jesus-saves-signs-taken-away-in-dead-of-night |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=Curbed LA |language=en |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180457/https://la.curbed.com/2011/9/12/10442404/one-of-downtowns-jesus-saves-signs-taken-away-in-dead-of-night |url-status=live }} and later were moved to Glendale along with the ministry's headquarters.{{Cite web |last=Shaw |first=Alexis |date=September 14, 2011 |title="Jesus Saves" Moves to Glendale |url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/jesus-saves-moves-to-glendale/1908030/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=NBC Los Angeles |language=en-US |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180456/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/jesus-saves-moves-to-glendale/1908030/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Harnisch |first=Larry |date=September 11, 2011 |title=Jesus Unsaved? [Updated] |url=https://ladailymirror.com/2011/09/11/jesus-unsaved/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=The LA Daily Mirror |language=en |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180458/https://ladailymirror.com/2011/09/11/jesus-unsaved/ |url-status=live }} A replica sign exists at the current Biola University campus in La Mirada.{{Cite web |last=Pool |first=Bob |date=July 4, 2013 |title=Biola University settles for replica of iconic 'Jesus saves' sign |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2013-jul-04-la-me-jesus-saves-20130704-story.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111180458/https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2013-jul-04-la-me-jesus-saves-20130704-story.html |url-status=live }}
= KFAC =
== Move to Wilshire ==
File:Time Cover E L Cord 1932.jpg, pictured on the cover of Time in 1932. The sole owner of KFAC from 1932 to 1962, he presided over the station's evolution into one of the first full-time fine arts/classical music outlets in the United States.]]
The Los Angeles Broadcasting Company was headed up by Errett Lobban Cord, a manufacturer best known for the Auburn and Cord automobile lines, and by O.R. "Ollie" Fuller, a dairy farmer who owned the Los Angeles dealership for Auburn-Cord, Fuller Motors;{{Cite web |title=O.R. Fuller, Auburn-Fuller Co., Pioneer Commercial Auto Co., White Auto Co., KFVD, KFAC, Los Angeles, Pioneer Truck and Transfer Co., Auburn California Co., Auburn Automobile Sales Co. California Branch, Olive Ransome Fuller, Motor Transit Co. - CoachBuilt.com |url=http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/f/fuller/fuller.htm |access-date=January 9, 2020 |website=www.coachbuilt.com |archive-date=February 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213042143/http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/f/fuller/fuller.htm |url-status=live }} accordingly, KFAC stood for "Fuller-Auburn-Cord".{{Cite news |last=Brannigan |first=Alice |date=January 1990 |title=Remembering Old Time Radio: We Dig Through The Dusty Archives to Keep You Posted on the Past |page=20 |work=Popular Communications |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Popular-Communications/90s/Popular-Communications-1990-01.pdf |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054231/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Popular-Communications/90s/Popular-Communications-1990-01.pdf |url-status=live }} Cord and Fuller also had purchased KFVD in Culver City, based at Hal Roach Studios; both they and KFAC would remain at their original sites until both relocated to the Fuller Motors dealership in Wilshire Center,{{Cite news|date=April 3, 1932|title=Artistic Wilshire Business Addition: Will Be Formally Dedicated and Opened This Week|page=V-3|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50843007/artistic-wilshire-business-addition/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182015/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50843007/artistic-wilshire-business-addition/|url-status=live}} directly adjacent to the Wilshire Community Church.{{Cite web |last1=Barrett |first1=Don |last2=Hilliker |first2=Jim |date=February 11, 2017 |title=Email Saturday, 2.11: ** KFAC Clarifications |url=http://laradio.com/2017.htm |access-date=January 9, 2020 |website=laradio.com |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054309/http://laradio.com/2017.htm |url-status=live }} KFAC broadcast a live three-hour program on April 12, 1932, to celebrate the grand opening of the new studios, with on-air talent from competing stations as special guests.{{Cite news|last=Douglas|first=Doug|date=April 12, 1932|title="Joe Palooka" in Radio Bow|page=18|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50842901/joe-palooka-in-radio-bow/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182017/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50842901/joe-palooka-in-radio-bow/|url-status=live}} As the studios were located in the dealership's fifth floor penthouse,{{r|KFAC Fuller Opened this Week}} large radio towers were erected on the roof but were purely for display and advertisement purposes{{r|HillikerEmail}} as KFAC's actual transmitter site was moved to Los Angeles' Crestview neighborhood.{{r|hc}} O.R. Fuller and his company went bankrupt prior to completion of the studios in 1932,{{Cite news|date=June 4, 1932|title=Auburn-Fuller Company Gets New Receiver|page=II-6|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52100302/auburn-fuller-company-gets-new-receiver/|access-date=June 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610182019/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52100302/auburn-fuller-company-gets-new-receiver/|url-status=live}} prompting Cord to acquire KFAC and KFVD outright.{{r|OllieFuller}}
In the wake of the Lindbergh kidnapping, the Associated Press and Los Angeles Times ran stories on March 21, 1934, regarding a kidnapping threat made against E.L. Cord's children.Borgeson, pp. 174. In response, Cord secretly fled with his immediate family to the United Kingdom, the news of his fleeing would not be made known until a New York Times story that May 30, when a company associate only would say that Cord "would remain away for an indefinite period".{{Cite news |date=May 30, 1934 |title=CORD FAMILY FLED KIDNAPPING THREAT; Went Abroad Suddenly After Repeated Warnings That 4 Children Faced Harm. IN ENGLAND TWO MONTHS Motor Man Now Is Expected to Take 'Indefinite Cruise' as Yacht Clears for Europe. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/30/archives/cord-family-fled-kidnapping-threat-went-abroad-suddenly-after.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054301/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/30/archives/cord-family-fled-kidnapping-threat-went-abroad-suddenly-after.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES |date=May 31, 1934 |title=CORD DOES NOT DENY HE FLED KIDNAPPERS; But Refuses Definite Comment -- Sons' Wisconsin School Tells of Threats. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/31/archives/cord-does-not-deny-he-fled-kidnappers-but-refuses-definite-comment.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054309/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/31/archives/cord-does-not-deny-he-fled-kidnappers-but-refuses-definite-comment.html |url-status=live }} The full reason for this sudden action was never truly disclosed.{{r|Britain}} KFVD would be spun off to Standard Broadcasting Co. for $50,000 on July 15, 1936,{{Cite magazine |date=May 1, 1936|id={{ProQuest|1014782822}} |title=KVFD [sic] Sale Arranged |page=50 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-05-01-BC.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054314/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-05-01-BC.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Cite magazine |date=July 1, 1936|id={{ProQuest|1014911312}} |title=KFVD, Los Angeles, purchased several weeks ago by J. F. Burke... |page=131 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-07-01-BC.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054251/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-07-01-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} and moved out of the dealership two years later.{{r|HillikerEmail}} Cord divested his automotive holdings, which were merged into the Aviation Corporation in 1933, to separate interests in 1937 for $2.5 million.{{Cite news |date=July 4, 1974 |title=Errett Cord Is Dead at 79; Developer of Luxury Car |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/04/archives/errett-cord-is-dead-at-79-developer-of-luxury-car-a-car-to-copy.html |access-date=January 13, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113041436/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/04/archives/errett-cord-is-dead-at-79-developer-of-luxury-car-a-car-to-copy.html |url-status=live }}
Starting in 1932, KFAC began broadcasting unlimited time through a series of authorizations under special temporary authority; this arrangement became permanent in January 1933 when the FRC deleted KGEF's license over Shuler's controversial views following a series of failed appeals.{{Cite news |last=Palmer|first=Kyle|date=January 17, 1933 |title=Supreme Court Rejects Radio Plea of Shuler; Counsel Indicates Further Battle; Decision Viewed as Final Sets Up Precedent on Broadcasting |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42074363/ 4] |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42074349/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054235/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42074349/supreme-court-rejects-radio-plea-of/ |url-status=live }} This would soon extend to 24-hour broadcasting for KFAC starting on March 8, 1935, joining KGFJ, which broadcast around the clock starting in 1927; both stations preceded WNEW in New York City, which started unlimited broadcasting that August 6.{{Cite web |title=KGFJ - Los Angeles, The Original 24-Hour Radio Station |url=http://jeff560.tripod.com/kgfj.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=jeff560.tripod.com |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211052243/http://jeff560.tripod.com/kgfj.html |url-status=live }} Between 1933 and 1935, the Los Angeles Herald-Express was affiliated with KFAC, though it held no ownership interest; the alliance ended when the newspaper bought KTM in Santa Monica and KELW of Burbank.{{Cite magazine |date=May 1, 1935 |title=Hearst Interests Ready To Assume Operation of Two West Coast Stations |id={{ProQuest|1505578380}} |page=31 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1935/1935-05-01-BC.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054234/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1935/1935-05-01-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} The station was almost forced to share its frequency again when, in January 1936, a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) hearing examiner approved an application by Los Angeles city councilmember and real estate operator Will H. Kindig for a new shared-time station with KFAC (which would have been renewed for half-time only), saying the proposed Kindig station would increase media diversity in Los Angeles;{{Cite magazine |date=February 1, 1936 |title=New Los Angeles Station With Half KFAC's Time Is Favored by Examiner |id={{ProQuest|1014790507}} |page=65 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-02-01-BC.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054234/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-02-01-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} the FCC broadcast division, however, reversed the examiner's ruling that July.{{Cite magazine |date=August 1, 1936 |title=Kindig Station Denied |id={{ProQuest|1014915684}} |page=57 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-08-01-BC.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054315/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1936/1936-08-01-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} When the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) was enacted in 1941, KFAC moved to {{Frequency|1330|kHz}}.{{Cite news |date=March 28, 1941 |title=Radio Changes Set For Saturday |page=24 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070529/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054249/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070529/radio-changes-set-for-midnight/ |url-status=live }}
== ''Whoa Bill'' and a springboard to stardom ==
File:Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California (64206).jpg in the mid-1930s with the Fuller Motors Auburn-Cord dealership (and penthouse studios for KFAC and KFVD) behind the Wilshire Boulevard Christian Church. The radio towers with "Auburn KFAC" lettering on top of the building existed only for advertising purposes.{{r|HillikerEmail}}]]
Shortly after relaunching as KFAC, on July 30, 1931, an afternoon children's radio program titled the "Whoa Bill" Club debuted, hosted by Harry Jackson with the alternative rural title The Keeper of the Pig,{{Cite news |date=July 30, 1931 |title="The Keeper of the Pig" ... |page=18 |newspaper=Los Angeles Evening Express |location=Los Angeles, California |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070757/whoa_bill_club_starts/ |access-date=January 12, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112202328/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070757/whoa_bill_club_starts/ |url-status=live }} carrying over a show he had previously hosted for four years on KFWB.{{Cite news |date=September 1931 |title=Keeper of the Pig: With His Family of Radio Porkers, Harry Jackson Entertains the Kids and at the Same Time Molds Their Characters |page=26 |work=Radio Doings |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1931-09.pdf |access-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054248/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Doings/Radio-Doings-1931-09.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Cite magazine |date=November 15, 1931 |title=Behind the Microphone |page=19 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1931/1931-11-15-BC.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054300/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1931/1931-11-15-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} Sponsored by Bullock's department store,{{Cite news |date=June 1, 1947 |title=Radio in Review: Uncle Whoa Bill |pages=10–11 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/47/Radio-Life-1947-06-01.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054249/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/47/Radio-Life-1947-06-01.pdf |url-status=live }} the "Whoa Bill" Club aired every weekday afternoon at 5:30 p.m. for the next 20 years, and found lasting success when Nick Nelson took over as main emcee in 1941 under the name "Uncle Whoa Bill".{{Cite news |date=February 3, 1946 |title=You Have to Be Young |pages=29, 35 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/46/Radio-Life-1946-02-03.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054249/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/46/Radio-Life-1946-02-03.pdf |url-status=live }} At its peak, the Bullock's "Whoa Bill" Club boasted a membership of 50,000 fans—known as "Whoa Billers"—in 1944.{{Cite news |date=May 9, 1944 |title=Seen on the Radio Scene |page=59 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/44/Radio-Life-1944-04-09.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020}} The show also broadcast live performances every Friday afternoon for a live studio audience of children under the age of 12,{{r|UncleWhoaBill1947}}{{r|UncleWhoaBill1946}} Nelson himself also performed weekly puppet shows at Bullock's on Saturday afternoons.{{r|UncleWhoaBill1946}} Among the child actors who performed on the "Whoa Bill" Club, bobby soxer Louise Erickson found the most fame, having started her professional career at age seven, cast as a fairy princess.{{Cite news |last=Obituaries |first=Telegraph |date=May 9, 2019 |title=Louise Erickson, actress who became an emblem of the Bobby Soxer generation – obituary |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/05/09/louise-erickson-actress-became-emblem-bobby-soxer-generation/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=February 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205143919/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/05/09/louise-erickson-actress-became-emblem-bobby-soxer-generation/ |url-status=live }} Publicist/talent agent Aaron "Red" Doff, who managed the careers of Mickey Rooney, Doris Day, Liberace and Frankie Laine, also was a recurring child actor on the program.{{Cite web |last=Galloway |first=Doug |date=June 19, 1997 |title=Aaron (Red) Doff |url=https://variety.com/1997/scene/people-news/aaron-red-doff-1116679223/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=Variety |language=en |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111064639/https://variety.com/1997/scene/people-news/aaron-red-doff-1116679223/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Oliver |first=Myrna |date=June 18, 1997 |title=Aaron 'Red' Doff; Talent Agent, Publicist and Movie Producer |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-18-mn-4408-story.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111064845/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-18-mn-4408-story.html |url-status=live }}
The station also carried games from the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League starting with the 1936 season, the majority of which would be recreations produced at their studios.{{r|StanChambers}} Entertainer Bing Crosby hosted a half-hour "radio rally" over KFAC on November 21, 1937, to promote the upcoming Loyola-Gonzaga college football matchup that included a musical performance by Crosby—a Gonzaga alum—and an on-air debate between Crosby and Times sports editor Bill Henry.{{Cite news|date=November 22, 1937|title=Crosby Interprets Football Fever in 'Times' Program|page=I-4|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81045453/crosby-interprets-football-fever-in/|access-date=July 13, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713210937/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81045453/crosby-interprets-football-fever-in/|url-status=live}} KFAC would also debut a popular music program, Lucky Lager Dance Time, on August 1, 1941;{{Cite book |last=Fong-Torres |first=Ben |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qreFRzhjyIC |title=The Hits Just Keep on Coming: The History of Top 40 Radio |publisher=Backbeat Books |year=1998 |isbn=9780879306649 |location=San Francisco |pages=22, 60–64 |author-link=Ben Fong-Torres}} hosted by Ira Cook, the late-evening program would later be regarded as one of the first record chart programs of its kind,{{Cite book |last1=Shepherd |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws-vAwAAQBAJ |title=Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1: Media, Industry, Society |last2=Horn |first2=David |last3=Laing |first3=Dave |last4=Oliver |first4=Paul |publisher=Continuum |year=2003 |isbn=9781847144737 |location=London |pages=462}} and even featured conductor Leopold Stokowski as a guest host once.{{r|Continumm}}
KFAC would prove to be a springboard for entertainers and performers. Legendary broadcaster Stan Chambers began his career in 1937 as an actor for a weekly children's program produced by one of his teachers at St. Brendan School, visiting the station repeatedly.{{Cite book |last1=Chambers |first1=Stan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIIMfda3niwC |title=KTLA's News At 10: Sixty Years with Stan Chambers |last2=Brokaw |first2=Tom |publisher=Behler Publications |year=2008 |isbn=9781933016696 |location=Lake Forest, California |pages=1–2 |author-link=Stan Chambers |author-link2=Tom Brokaw}} John Conte started his career in show business as an announcer at KFAC for two years.{{Cite news |date=January 16, 1944 |title=Keeping Up With Fast Company |page=25 |agency=Radio Life |url=http://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/44/Radio-Life-1944-01-16.pdf |access-date=April 18, 2015}} Barbara Eiler was cast for a KFAC show portraying famous actresses in their teens after being approached by a high school classmate asking if she wanted to act on the radio;{{Cite news |date=Fall 1948 |title=Soap Suds Alley: Five-A-Day |pages=74–75 |work=Radio Album |publisher=Dell Magazines |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Album/Radio-Album-1948-Fall.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054454/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Album/Radio-Album-1948-Fall.pdf |url-status=live }} that sustaining program led to supporting roles in The Life of Riley and A Day in the Life of Dennis Day, along with various film and television roles.{{Cite news |date=July 1947 |title=Barbara is a homebody |pages=30–32, 90–92 |work=Radio Mirror |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Mirror/47/Mirror-1947-Jul.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054553/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Mirror/47/Mirror-1947-Jul.pdf |url-status=live }} Following a broadcast of the Radio Chautauqua Show in 1936, the station received a phone call from Eddie Cantor inquiring about one of the young girls who performed on the program; Deanna Durbin would become a part of Cantor's radio show and later, a movie star signed to Universal Studios.{{r|KFACCoverProfile1979}}
== Classical evolution ==
{{Quote box
| title = Comparing Evening Concert in 1947 to a live classical music concert
| quote = We open with an overture so people can finish their dishes and sit down in time to catch the symphony. Do you realize that a conductor programs five concerts a year while I have to do six a week? Multiply that by fifty-two and see what you get!
| author = Thomas Cassidy
| source = KFAC Evening Concert host{{r|cassidy1947}}
| align = left
| width = 300px
| qalign = left
| quoted = yes
| salign = right
}}
File:KFAC Gas Company Evening Concert 25th Birthday advert.jpg Evening Concert featuring caricatures of multiple classical music composers including Richard Wagner, Maurice Abravanel and George Szell. Thomas Cassidy, Evening Concert host from 1943 to 1987, is seen standing at far right.]]
While KFAC later regarded January 15, 1938, as their "birthdate" in the station's 1978 "40th Anniversary" program guide—which was in reality the birthday of then-general manager George Fritzinger{{Cite news |last=Lax |first=Cecille |date=January–February 1979 |title=NEWS & VIEWS |page=14 |work=The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine |url=http://steampoweredradio.com/pdf/KFAC%20listeners%20guild%20magazines/kfac%20listeners%20guild%20magazine%20jan_feb%201979%2040th%20anniversary%20edition.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020}}—the station began playing recorded classical music on a set schedule with the launch of Concert Hall on October 14, 1935, a daily program narrated by P. Alfred Leonard.{{Cite news|last=Palmer|first=Zuma|date=October 12, 1935|title=Entertainment On The Air for Tonight and Tomorrow|page=13|newspaper=Citizen-News|location=Hollywood, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81379457/entertainment-on-the-air-for-tonight/|access-date=July 13, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713210937/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81379457/entertainment-on-the-air-for-tonight/|url-status=live}} Leonard had been hired as KFAC's "director of symphonic music" and promised in a Times interview to lift the station's musical standards with shows devoted to music appreciation.{{Cite news|last=Armstrong|first=Dale|date=August 16, 1935|title=Ruth Etting to Sing for 'Army Night'|page=L14|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81380195/ruth-etting-to-sing-for-army-night/|access-date=July 13, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713210937/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81380195/ruth-etting-to-sing-for-army-night/|url-status=live}} Through the remainder of the 1930s, and indeed on that aforementioned 1938 date, KFAC's program lineup was a mixture of Concert Hall, live and recorded music, Times newscasts, sporting events, the "Whoa Bill" Club and scripted fare.{{Cite news |date=January 15, 1938 |title=LA Times radio log |page=8 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42069772/la_times_radio_log_january_15_1938/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111050554/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42069772/la_times_radio_log_january_15_1938/ |url-status=live }}
Their first regularly-scheduled long-form classical music program, The Gas Company Evening Concert, debuted on October 1, 1940, and aired six nights a week, Sundays excluded.{{Cite news |date=October 21, 1945 |title=Commemorating - 5th Anniversary of Your Gas Company's "Evening Concert": Advertisement |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42012636/your_gas_companys_evening_concert_on/ |access-date=January 9, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054601/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42012636/your-gas-companys-evening-concert-on/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Corbett |first=Noel |date=November 5, 1940 |title=Valley Radio-Voices |page=3 |work=San Fernando Valley Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42012966/valley_radiovoices/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111065331/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42012966/valley_radiovoices/ |url-status=live }} Having been encouraged by his wife to enter radio broadcasting,{{Cite news |last=Buchanan |first=Joan |date=July 13, 1947 |title=Mikemen--Thomas Cassidy |pages=33, 38 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/47/Radio-Life-1947-07-13.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054557/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/47/Radio-Life-1947-07-13.pdf |url-status=live }} Thomas Cassidy joined the station from KIDO in Boise, Idaho, in December 1943 as the host of Evening Concert,{{Cite news |last=Lamon |first=Corine |date=August 6, 1944 |title=He Gets a Word In Edgeways |pages=8, 35 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/44/Radio-Life-1944-08-06.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054501/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/44/Radio-Life-1944-08-06.pdf |url-status=live }} a role he would maintain for the next 43 years.{{r|DrasticChangesKMET}} Cassidy would become so closely associated with the program that his obituary erroneously regarded his joining the station as when Evening Concert began.{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2012 |title=PASSINGS: Thomas Cassidy, Valerie Eliot |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-xpm-2012-nov-13-la-me-passings-20121113-story.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|language=en-US |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203014234/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-xpm-2012-nov-13-la-me-passings-20121113-story.html |url-status=live }} KFAC and The Gas Company eventually expanded Evening Concert's reach via regional syndication to both Riverside's KFOO (AM) on January 1, 1958,{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite news|date=December 30, 1957|title=A wonderful New Year's Present: Your Gas Company is happy to announce that beginning next Wednesday night, January 1, its famous radio program Evening Concert will also be heard over KPRO Riverside (advertisement)|page=3|newspaper=Redlands Daily Facts|location=Redlands, California|publisher=William G. Moore|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79684675/a-wonderful-new-years-present-gas-comp/|access-date=June 16, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054521/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79684675/a-wonderful-new-years-present-gas/|url-status=live}}|{{Cite news|date=December 31, 1957|title=New Musical Radio Program Slated For Area|page=2|work=The Colton Courier|publisher=Charles K. Dooley|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79685497/new-musical-radio-program-slated-for-are/|access-date=June 16, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054600/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79685497/new-musical-radio-program-slated-for/|url-status=live}}}} and Santa Barbara's KOSJ by June 1963.{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite news|last=Page|first=Don|date=June 30, 1963|title=KNX to Get a Bang Out of Fourth of July|page=30|newspaper=Los Angeles Times Calendar|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683134/knx-to-get-a-bang-out-of-fourth-of-july/|access-date=June 16, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683134/knx-to-get-a-bang-out-of-fourth-of-july/|url-status=live}}|{{Cite news|date=October 1, 1965|title=They're coming to our 25th birthday party tonight. Won't you join us, too, for Evening Concert? (advertisement)|page=8|work=San Pedro News-Pilot|publisher=Copley Press|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683609/theyre-coming-to-our-25th-birthday-part/|access-date=June 16, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054600/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79683609/theyre-coming-to-our-25th-birthday/|url-status=live}}}}
During this transitional period, Steve Allen was hired as an overnight announcer on KFAC in 1943, having been recommended for the job by Madelyn Pugh Davis, who heard him perform on KFYI in Phoenix.{{Cite web |last=ZeVan |first=Barry |date=June 17, 2002 |title="I Love Lucy" script writer was one fascinating lady |url=http://www.startribune.com/i-love-lucy-script-writer-was-one-fascinating-lady/159319665/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=Star Tribune |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111193303/http://www.startribune.com/i-love-lucy-script-writer-was-one-fascinating-lady/159319665/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Cox |first=Jim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYuyvt7VR2sC |title=Musicmakers of Network Radio: 24 Entertainers, 1926-1962 |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |year=2012 |isbn=9780786489626 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |pages=7–8}} Allen lasted at the station for only six months in part due to not following directives and his humorous tone not fitting the station's classical selections,{{r|KFACCoverProfile1979}} but soon landed at KHJ co-hosting Smile Time with Wendell Noble over the Don Lee Network.{{Cite news |date=December 16, 1945 |title=All Opening For You In Radio! |pages=30–31 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/45/Radio-Life-1945-12-16.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2020}} That program, and a future late-night variety program on the CBS Radio Network, would be precursors to his tenure as the first host of NBC's The Tonight Show franchise.{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Michael |date=November 1, 2000 |title=SO LONG, STEVERINO – TV LEGEND WHO LAUNCHED 'TONIGHT SHOW' DIES AT 78 |url=https://nypost.com/2000/11/01/so-long-steverino-tv-legend-who-launched-tonight-show-dies-at-78/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=New York Post |language=en |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111193303/https://nypost.com/2000/11/01/so-long-steverino-tv-legend-who-launched-tonight-show-dies-at-78/ |url-status=live }}|{{Cite news |last=Richard Severo |date=November 1, 2000 |title=Steve Allen, Comedian Who Pioneered Late-Night TV Talk Shows, Is Dead at 78 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/01/arts/steve-allen-comedian-who-pioneered-late-night-tv-talk-shows-is-dead-at-78.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=May 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516204810/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/01/arts/steve-allen-comedian-who-pioneered-late-night-tv-talk-shows-is-dead-at-78.html |url-status=live }}}}
The success of Evening Concert, as well as Musical Masterpieces, another program hosted by Cassidy,{{r|Cassidy1944}}{{Cite news |last=Princi |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Princi |date=January–February 1979 |title=Message from the Office of Community Involvement |pages=4, 8, 56 |work=The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine |url=http://steampoweredradio.com/pdf/KFAC%20listeners%20guild%20magazines/kfac%20listeners%20guild%20magazine%20jan_feb%201979%2040th%20anniversary%20edition.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020}} facilitated the station's evolution into a full-time classical music outlet. Harry Mitchell, a former announcer at the Hollywood Palladium, was appointed as program director on July 6, 1944, and pledged to have the station place a greater emphasis on live programming.{{Cite magazine |date=July 15, 1944 |id={{ProQuest|1032337295}} |title=It'll Be a Different KFAC; Everything New |page=7 |magazine=The Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/40s/1944/Billboard-1944-07-15.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054715/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1944/Billboard-1944-07-15.pdf |url-status=live }} E.L. Cord allegedly toured the studios one day in 1945 and recognized the substantial investments KFAC had made in classical recordings, finalizing the evolution.{{Cite web |last=Simanaitis |first=John |date=September 9, 2015 |title=KFAC, REMEMBERED FONDLY |url=https://simanaitissays.com/2015/09/09/kfac-remembered-fondly-2/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=Simanaitis Says |language=en |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111034331/https://simanaitissays.com/2015/09/09/kfac-remembered-fondly-2/ |url-status=live }} While very much still a commercial station, Cord continued to operate KFAC mostly as a personal hobby despite not knowing much about the classical music genre;Borgeson, pp. 113. his own personal tastes and expectations were eventually reflected in the station's on-air presentation that persisted for decades.{{r|dismay}}
== Unprecedented on-air continuity ==
{{Quote box
| title = "Faith in an Idea"
| quote = In hectic prewar days when all four network stations were pounding away with chain programs and a dozen locals yacked away all day long between run-of-the-mill records and canned news . . . KFAC raised an eyebrow, cocked an ear, cleared its throat and announced to one and all its now nationally known basic programming policy . . . it proved that it pays to be different and that there's a big exclusive audience for good music . . . and so, KFAC became the Music Station for Southern California, and it still is.
| author = Excerpt from a KFAC industry trade advertisement
| source = Broadcasting, December 29, 1952{{r|28TonLibrary}}
| align = right
| width = 350px
| qalign = left
| quoted = yes
| salign = right
}}
KFAC also was in the process of slowly assembling an airstaff that had an unprecedented level of continuity. Fred Crane, an actor most famous for his supporting role as Brent Tarleton in Gone with the Wind,{{r|dismay}} was hired as a part-time announcer while still continuing to perform on film and television; Fred's position became full-time in the early 1960s.{{r|BGFredCraneObit}} Tom Dixon and Dick Crawford notably were hired on the same date in 1947. Dixon—an Edmonton native who joined the station after simultaneous work at KHJ, KNX (AM) and KSPN (AM) emceeing multiple programs, including The Billie Burke Show{{Cite news |last=Carter |first=Peggy |date=June 17, 1945 |title=He'd Rather Be On Time Than President |pages=30–31 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/45/Radio-Life-1945-06-17.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107054715/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/45/Radio-Life-1945-06-17.pdf |url-status=live }}—served as afternoon announcer for nearly 39 years,{{Cite web |last=McLellan |first=Dennis |date=April 1, 2010 |title=Tom Dixon dies at 94; L.A. radio's voice of classical music for over 50 years |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-apr-01-la-me-tom-dixon1-2010apr01-story.html |access-date=January 12, 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|language=en-US |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112213929/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-apr-01-la-me-tom-dixon1-2010apr01-story.html |url-status=live }} while Crawford primarily worked on weekends.{{r|MessagePrinci1979}}
Carl Princi joined the station in 1953 after freelance work at KMGM-FM{{Cite news|last=Tepper|first=Ron|date=December 4, 1960|title=Music: the Long and Short of It|page=23|newspaper=Los Angeles Times Calendar|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79544228/music-the-long-and-short-of-it/|access-date=June 14, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614162537/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79544228/music-the-long-and-short-of-it/|url-status=live}} and a short stint as a bilingual presenter at KAZN.{{Cite web |last=Folkart |first=Burt A. |date=May 5, 1992 |title=Carl Princi, 71; Voice of Opera on L.A. Radio |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-05-mn-1549-story.html |access-date=January 12, 2020 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112052409/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-05-mn-1549-story.html |url-status=live }} While at KWKW, that station's general manager referred Princi to KFAC's general manager in hopes of securing full-time work; KFAC host Mark Breneman unexpectedly died the day after Princi's job interview, prompting the station to hire him.{{Cite news|last=Rich|first=Allen|date=November 30, 1954|title=Listening Post and TV Review|page=22|work=Valley Times|publisher=Valley News Corporation|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79544516/listening-post-and-tv-review/|access-date=June 14, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614162536/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79544516/listening-post-and-tv-review/|url-status=live}} Referring to himself as "the newest of the old timers",{{r|MessagePrinci1979}} when Princi was interviewed by Hamilton Radio Quarterly in 1976 about his longevity, he replied that "he'd only been there 23 years."{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Bob |date=July–September 1976 |title=Carl Princi, Newest Staff Member - Only 23 Years |pages=144–147 |work=Hamilton Radio Quarterly Report '76 |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Hamilton/Quarterly/Hamilton-Radio-Quarterly-1976-Jul-Sep.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 }} Princi hosted The World of Opera every weekday afternoon throughout his entire tenure with the station and conducted most of the station interviews with musicians.{{r|LATPrinciObit}} Bill Carlson also joined KFAC in 1953 as host of the Noontime Concert,{{r|MessagePrinci1979}} which he presided over for the next 30 years.{{Cite web |date=December 22, 1999 |title=Bill Carlson; Classical Music Announcer at KFAC |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-dec-22-mn-46484-story.html |access-date=January 14, 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|language=en-US |archive-date=January 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114055733/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-dec-22-mn-46484-story.html |url-status=live }} This core group of Cassidy, Crane, Dixon, Crawford, Princi, and Carlson was fundamentally unchanged between 1953 and 1983.{{r|KFACMural}}
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bar:Crawford text:Dick Crawford
bar:Rhines text:Howard Rhines
bar:Joy text:Dick Joy
bar:Carlson text:Bill Carlson
bar:Princi text:Carl Princi
bar:Lincoln text:Luncheon at the Music Center
bar:Skip text:Skip Weshner
bar:Global text:Global Village
bar:Choice text:Brian Clewer's "Cynic's Choice"
bar:Workman text:Martin Workman
bar:Orudino text:Doug Orudino
bar:Santana text:John Santana
bar:Liska text:A. James Liska
bar:Capparela text:Rich Capparela
bar:Fain text:Mary Fain
bar:Perlich text:Martin Perlich
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bar:Fain width:15 from:01/01/1987 till:09/20/1989 color:host
bar:Perlich width:15 from:01/01/1987 till:09/20/1989 color:host
Pacific Coast League baseball broadcasts, Lucky Lager Dance Time and Uncle Whoa Bill were among the last remaining non-classical programs to remain on the schedule; the baseball games at times wound up delaying the start time for Evening Concert by as much as two hours before being dropped at the end of the 1945 season.{{Cite news |last=Princi |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Princi |date=January–February 1979 |title=Cover Profile |page=2 |work=The KFAC Listeners Guild Magazine |url=http://steampoweredradio.com/pdf/KFAC%20listeners%20guild%20magazines/kfac%20listeners%20guild%20magazine%20jan_feb%201979%2040th%20anniversary%20edition.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020}} Ira Cook began working for both KFAC and KMPC, and even KSL in Salt Lake City,{{Cite magazine |date=June 19, 1948 |title=What Cooks? Ira Cook |id={{ProQuest|1039911373}} |page=Convention 54 |magazine=The Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/40s/1948/Billboard%201948-06-19a.pdf |access-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235125/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1948/Billboard%201948-06-19a.pdf |url-status=live }} in similar capacities before Lucky Lager Dance Time was cancelled at the end of 1948,{{r|Continumm}}{{Cite news |date=February 13, 1949 |title=Radio In Review: News and Comment- Looks Like |page=9 |work=Radio Life |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/49/Radio-Life-1949-02-13.pdf |access-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055005/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Life/40s/49/Radio-Life-1949-02-13.pdf |url-status=live }} Cook would continue the show, itself later supervised by Bill Gavin,{{r|FongTorresBook}}{{Cite news |date=January 30, 1985 |title=Bill Gavin, the Founder in '58 Of List on Air Play of Records |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York, New York |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/30/arts/bill-gavin-the-founder-in-58-of-list-on-air-play-of-records.html |access-date=January 18, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128162655/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/30/arts/bill-gavin-the-founder-in-58-of-list-on-air-play-of-records.html |url-status=live }} at KMPC. Meanwhile, Uncle Whoa Bill—whom Thomas Cassidy's son was a fan of{{r|cassidy1947}}—lasted up to September 14, 1951, when it was quietly dropped from the lineup;{{Cite news|last=Weinstock|first=Matt|date=September 21, 1951|title=Matt Weinstock: End of an era|page=18|newspaper=Daily News|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79545970/matt-weinstock-end-of-an-era/|access-date=June 14, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614162537/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79545970/matt-weinstock-end-of-an-era/|url-status=live}} Viennese Varieties, sponsored by Baker Boy Bakeries and hosted by Dick Crawford, replaced it the following Monday.{{Cite magazine |date=September 2, 1952 |title=Roundup: Local sponsor's program build international good will |page=52 |magazine=Sponsor Magazine |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Sponsor-Magazine/1952/Sponsor-1952-09-2.pdf |access-date=January 14, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055009/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Sponsor-Magazine/1952/Sponsor-1952-09-2.pdf |url-status=live }} Uncle Whoa Bill host Nick Nelson would subsequently join KTTV as the emcee of Mister Whistle, airing at the same time period on Sunday afternoons.{{Cite news |last=Ames |first=Walter |date=April 12, 1952 |title=Early Easter Services Set for Radio |page=19 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070845/early_easter_services_set_for_radio/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111222147/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42070845/early_easter_services_set_for_radio/ |url-status=live }}
Howard Rhines was hired away from KMPC in 1949 to become KFAC's program director.{{Cite magazine|date=July 4, 1949|title=Production|volume=37|page=40|magazine=Broadcasting-Telecasting|issue=1|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1949/1949-07-04-BC.pdf|access-date=July 8, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=July 9, 2021|id={{ProQuest|1505579566}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191230/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1949/1949-07-04-BC.pdf|url-status=live}} Under Rhines' oversight, KFAC continued to place a heavy emphasis on sustained programming like Evening Concert and forbade the use of commercial jingles on-air, explaining to Billboard that "you can't go out of Beethoven and into a rhythmic jingle."{{Cite magazine|last=Zhito|first=Lee|date=January 31, 1961|title=Discourse: LP Programming|volume=73|page=76|magazine=Billboard Music Week|id={{ProQuest|1438622150}}|issue=4|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1961/Billboard%201961-01-30.pdf|access-date=July 8, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=June 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627192708/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1961/Billboard%201961-01-30.pdf|url-status=live}} In addition, all seven staff announcers—including Rhines—were now required to be fluent in at least four distinct languages.{{Cite magazine|last=Tiegel|first=Eliot|date=March 27, 1965|id={{ProQuest|1286304372}}|title=Minority Rules at Longhair KFAC: Classical Played With a Capital C|volume=77|page=56|magazine=Billboard|issue=13|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1965/Billboard%201965-03-27.pdf|access-date=July 8, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=March 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307163957/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1965/Billboard%201965-03-27.pdf|url-status=live}} KFAC also hired veteran radio announcer/actor Dick Joy as their news director in 1951, handling all newscasts in the morning and some in the early afternoon{{Cite magazine |date=December 10, 1951 |id={{ProQuest|1401196711}}|title=air-casters |page=74 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1951/BC-1951-12-10.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055013/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1951/BC-1951-12-10.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Cite magazine |last=Bundy |first=June |date=December 22, 1951|id={{ProQuest|1040152196}} |title=Vox Jox |page=22 |magazine=The Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-12-22.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055115/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-12-22.pdf |url-status=live }} until 1967.
== Branching to FM; solidifying the format ==
File:FredCraneCirca1960s.png. Perhaps best known for his role as Brent Tarleton in Gone with the Wind, Crane was hired by the station in 1946 and stayed until a controversial mass firing on December 31, 1986.{{r|BGFredCraneObit}}|left]]
KFAC signed on an FM adjunct, KFAC-FM, on December 29, 1948, at {{Frequency|104.3|MHz}}.{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1950/RADIO%20&%20TV%20ALL%20YB%201950%20B&W-11.pdf |title=Broadcasting Yearbook 1950 |publisher=Broadcasting |year=1950 |pages=83 |access-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055022/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1950/RADIO%20&%20TV%20ALL%20YB%201950%20B&W-11.pdf |url-status=live }} The FM antenna was initially placed at the AM transmitter site, which had moved to the Crenshaw district in 1947{{Cite web|url= https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=71527 |title= History Cards for KRRL|publisher=Federal Communications Commission}} (Guide to reading History Cards) along with a power increase for the AM station to {{val|5000|fmt=commas|u=watts}}; this site is still in use today by KWKW, as well as KABC and KFOX.{{r|hc}} KFAC started carrying live concerts from the Hollywood Bowl amphitheater in 1952 as part of Evening Concert. The station pioneered an early form of stereo broadcasting by having two microphones placed on different sides of the venue, with the audio separately fed to the AM and FM stations. Advertisements placed by The Gas Company encouraged Evening Concert listeners at home who had two radios were instructed to place them seven to twelve feet apart, with one tuned to KFAC-FM and the other tuned to KFAC.{{Cite news |date=July 15, 1954 |title=Tonight: Hear Your Gas Company's Evening Concert Direct from Hollywood Bowl - Advertisement |page=28 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092480/tonight_hear_your_gas_companys/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111211217/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092480/tonight_hear_your_gas_companys/ |url-status=live }}
The first such broadcast in 1953 had mixed reviews due to KFAC-FM's relatively weak signal strength; an opinion column in the Redlands Daily Facts concluded their review by publicly advocating for KFAC-FM's antenna to be moved to Mount Wilson alongside the TV stations.{{Cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Frank |last2=Moore |first2=Bill |date=October 16, 1953 |title=With a Grain Of Salt |page=10 |newspaper=Redlands Daily Facts |location=Redlands, California |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092613/with_a_grain_of_salt/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111211214/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092613/with_a_grain_of_salt/ |url-status=live }} KFAC-FM would do just that, filing paperwork with the FCC in March 1954 to move the antenna to Mount Wilson and shifting frequencies from {{Frequency|104.3|MHz}} to {{Frequency|92.3|MHz}},{{r|hc2}} increasing the potential audience by 1.5 million people and the overall coverage area from 720 square miles to 8,300 square miles.{{Cite news |date=July 13, 1954 |title=KFAC Will Move, Increase Coverage |page=5 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42093233/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055015/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42093233/kfac-will-move-increase-coverage/ |url-status=live }} While the facility changes took place a few days prior, it was formally dedicated as part of another pseudo-stereo broadcast from the Bowl on July 15, 1954.{{r|GasCoHollywoodBowlAd}} As KFAC-FM moved to Mount Wilson prior to the FCC enacting limits for power output by FM stations in 1962, it is formally classified as a "superpower" FM by operating at a maximum power level, but with the antenna being placed well above the height limit.{{Cite web |title=Superpower FMs |url=http://www.w9wi.com/articles/superfm.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=www.w9wi.com |archive-date=July 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706202824/http://www.w9wi.com/articles/superfm.html |url-status=dead }}
Both KFAC and KFAC-FM would move out of the Fuller Motors dealership penthouse to new studios at the Prudential Square in the Miracle Mile district,{{Cite magazine |date=December 29, 1952 |title=KFAC STUDIOS: Smith Announces Move |id={{ProQuest|1285687046}} |page=30 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055014/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf |url-status=live }} now known as SAG-AFTRA Plaza.{{Cite web |title=Historic Miracle Mile Building Dedicated as SAG-AFTRA Plaza |url=https://www.sagaftra.org/historic-miracle-mile-building-dedicated-sag-aftra-plaza |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=SAG-AFTRA |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111044754/https://www.sagaftra.org/historic-miracle-mile-building-dedicated-sag-aftra-plaza |url-status=live }} An advertisement taken out by KFAC in Broadcasting Magazine celebrating the studio move also boasted that they now held a library of music recordings that weighed over 28 tons, enough to ensure that the stations could be programmed for a full year without any duplication.{{Cite magazine |date=December 29, 1952 |title=KFAC MOVES WEST* - Advertisement|id={{ProQuest|1285697256}} |page=35 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055014/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1952/BC-1952-12-29.pdf |url-status=live }} The studio move was completed in April 1953 when KFAC general manager Calvin Smith, Los Angeles Mayor Fletcher Bowron and Prudential Insurance vice president Harry Volk participated in a ceremonial soldering ceremony; KFAC experienced no loss of air time in the process.{{Cite magazine |date=May 4, 1953 |title=KFAC in New Studios; No Loss of Air Time |page=78 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1953/BC-1953-05-04.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055017/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1953/BC-1953-05-04.pdf |url-status=live |id={{ProQuest|1285695747}}}}
As KFAC solidified its reputation and format as a classical music outlet, it also set out to remove some of the few remaining deviations from its format. On February 15, 1957, it notified the First Methodist Church of Los Angeles, which paid commercial rates to broadcast its Sunday morning service over KFAC, that it would terminate the agreement.{{Cite magazine |date=March 18, 1957 |title=Church, Refused KFAC Time, Takes Protest to Commission|id={{ProQuest|1401221012}} |page=7 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-03-18-BC.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055019/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-03-18-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} First Methodist claimed to have the oldest church service broadcasts in America, which were first made in 1923.{{r|kpol}} KFAC carried First Methodist's morning and evening services beginning in 1942;{{Cite news |date=May 23, 1942 |title=First Methodist Church: Advertisement |page=3 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091844/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055019/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091844/first-methodist-church-services-on-kfac/ |url-status=live }} in 1951, the station had removed the evening service from its schedule.{{Cite news |last=Shannon |first=Don |date=March 19, 1957 |title=L.A. Church Asks FCC to Keep Services on Air |page=8 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091336/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055120/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42091336/la-church-asks-fcc-to-keep-services/ |url-status=live }} After First Methodist asked the FCC for a hearing into the issue, claiming that the cancellation affected the station's commitment at its last license renewal to carry 1.79 percent religious programming, the commission denied the request in May.{{Cite magazine |date=May 20, 1957 |title=Church Complaint Denied |id={{ProQuest|1401223543}} |page=68 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-05-20-BC.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055029/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1957/1957-05-20-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} With the petition denied, the church began airing its services over KPOL.{{Cite news |date=May 25, 1957 |title=Broadcasts Set for First Methodist |page=15 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092142/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055027/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42092142/broadcasts-set-for-first-methodist/ |url-status=live }}
== From Cleveland to Atlantic ==
File:Former Cleveland Mayor argues against proposed rail wage cut. Washington, D.C., Oct. 17. Roy T. Miller, former Mayor of Cleveland, today argues against the proposed rail wage cut for the LCCN2016874162 (cropped).jpg mayor Ray T. Miller (pictured in 1938) purchased KFAC-AM-FM in 1962 and would operate them—along with other radio stations in Cleveland and Sandusky—until his death in 1966.]]
The two stations would remain in E.L. Cord's name until August 1962, when he would sell them to Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated, headed by former Cleveland, Ohio mayor Ray T. Miller, for a combined $2 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|2000000|1962}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}). Miller also owned WLEC and WLEC-FM in Sandusky, Ohio, and had founded WERE and WERE-FM in Cleveland, and pledged to maintain KFAC's classical format.{{Cite magazine |date=August 20, 1962 |title=KFAC-AM-FM bought by Miller group |id={{ProQuest|1014458198}} |page=66 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-08-20-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055026/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-08-20-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} The Los Angeles Times would later write of Cord's ownership, "What seems indisputable is that Cord oversaw the station like a benevolent, disinterested patriarch."{{r|CordTastes}}{{Cite news |last=Rockwell |first=John |date=September 2, 1972 |title=KFAC and Listeners at the Crossroads |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156121/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/ 56], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156895/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/ 59] |newspaper=Los Angeles Times Calendar |location=Los Angeles, California |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156055/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/ |access-date=March 22, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=March 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323011935/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47156055/kfac-and-listeners-at-the-crossroads/ |url-status=live }} The pseudo-stereo broadcasts over KFAC and KFAC-FM continued until KFAC-FM converted to stereophonic sound in 1964, at one point, those broadcasts were offered for 12 hours each week.{{Cite magazine |last=Tiegel |first=Eliot |date=January 4, 1964 |title=Loyalty, Dedication, Music Give Classics Strong Pulse |id={{ProQuest|1286275484}} |page=25 |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1964/Billboard%201964-01-04.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055027/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1964/Billboard%201964-01-04.pdf |url-status=live }} General manager Ed Stevens regarded the $20,000 investment in FM multiplexing as a "big bonanza" for the radio and recording industries, pledging to increase KFAC-FM's stereo output over time; Evening Concert was cited as a program that would be unable to see such a complete stereo conversion due to the volume of titles for that show valued for their initial mono pressings.{{Cite magazine |date=January 30, 1965 |title=Classical Station Attracts Music Shops as Sponsors|id={{ProQuest|1286275484}} |page=44 |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1965/Billboard%201965-01-30.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055038/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1965/Billboard%201965-01-30.pdf |url-status=live }} By 1971, the last remaining program devoted to selections from their original 78 rpm phonograph record collection, Collector's Shelf, was dropped from the schedule.{{Cite magazine |last=Sippel |first=John |date=June 12, 1971 |title=Classical Outlet Woos Listeners|id={{ProQuest|1049650111}} |pages=30, 42 |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-06-12.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055038/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-06-12.pdf |url-status=live }}
KFAC at this time boasted weekly concert broadcasts by the Hollywood Bowl Symphony and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, in addition to concert series from the Los Angeles Symphonies' high school and the Los Angeles Art Museum.{{r|KFACStereo1964}} Another long-running weekday program, Luncheon at the Music Center, debuted in 1965. Taking place every weekday at the Los Angeles Music Center's Pavilion Restaurant, Thomas Cassidy was the program's original host, primarily interviewing classical music artists.{{r|LATCassidyObit}} Martin Workman became a substitute host in 1973 and succeeded Cassidy as host in 1976,{{r|MessagePrinci1979}} broadening the show's focus to include opera, ballet, operetta and theater.{{Cite news|last=Folkart |first=Burt A. |date=May 20, 1990 |title=Martin Workman; Music Center Radio Host |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42261491/martin_workman_music_center_radio_host/ |access-date=January 13, 2020 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|language=en-US |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114055737/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42261491/martin_workman_music_center_radio_host/ |url-status=live }}
{{Quote box
| title = How Carl Princi and an average listener to KFAC defined music as art
| quote = You take (a listener to KFAC) who listens to Brahms or Beethoven and enjoys it thoroughly because it's great romantic music, but he'll hear modern music and he'll be up in arms. I have letters here that are driving me out of my mind because people are accusing us of spending most of our time playing modern classical music, which isn't true but that's the way they see it. So it's ugly. To them it's ugly; to us it's beautiful.
| author = Carl Princi
| source = KFAC operations manager{{r|PrinciTenure}}
| align = left
| width = 300px
| qalign = left
| quoted = yes
| salign = right
}}Ray T. Miller died on July 13, 1966.{{Cite news |date=July 14, 1966 |title=Ray T. Miller Sr. Is Dead at 73 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-plain-dealer-ray-t-miller-sr-is-de/149301209/ |access-date=June 13, 2024 |work=The Plain Dealer |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-plain-dealer-ray-t-miller-sr-is-de/149301259/ 8] |via=Newspapers.com}} One of his sons, Robert Miller, divested his stake in Cleveland Broadcasting Incorporated in April 1968 into an irrevocable trust when he acquired WDBN in Medina, Ohio—but served both the Cleveland and Akron markets—for $1 million, then a record valuation for a full-power FM signal.{{Cite magazine |date=April 15, 1968 |title=$1-million FM sale sets new high |id={{ProQuest|1014513553}}|pages=46–47 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-04-15-BC.pdf |access-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055037/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-04-15-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} The following month, Atlantic States Industries (ASI), a subsidiary of McGavren-Guild Radio, purchased the company for a combined $9 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|9000000|1968}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}).{{Cite magazine |date=May 27, 1968 |title=Closed Circuit: Group transfer |id={{ProQuest|1014519700}} |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-05-27-BC.pdf |url-status=live |magazine=Broadcasting |page=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235124/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-05-27-BC.pdf |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |via=World Radio History}} Due to ASI already owning five AM stations and one FM station, and because of an interim policy/proposed rule by the FCC prohibiting the purchase of an AM and FM station in the same market—the "one-to-a-customer" policy—KFAC and KFAC-FM would need a waiver in order to be exempted. Both stations purchased two full-page ads in the Los Angeles Times on January 19 and 23, 1969, soliciting listeners to write to KFAC in support of a waiver, claiming that if both stations were separated—even with a forced adoption of separate programming via the FM Non-Duplication Rule{{Cite news |last=Perlee |first=Charles D. |date=February 9, 1969 |title=500 Area Listeners Back KFAC |page=C-10 |work=The San Bernardino County Sun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004086/500_area_listeners_back_kfac/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235137/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004086/500-area-listeners-back-kfac/ |url-status=live }}—the format would be rendered unsustainable.{{Cite news |date=January 19, 1969 |title=An Urgent Message to the Friends of KFAC: Advertisement |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004122/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235127/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42004122/an-urgent-message-to-the-friends-of-kfac/ |url-status=live }} Approximately 3,000 people sent letters to KFAC in the first few days;{{Cite magazine|id={{ProQuest|1014512506}} |date=January 27, 1969 |title=Public at odds with one-to-customer: KFAC ad campaign prompts 3,000 letters for common ownership in stations' sale |page=30 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-01-27-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235125/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-01-27-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} by February 9, a total of 15,000 letters were sent in support, including 500 letters from San Bernardino County alone. KFAC then forwarded the letters to the FCC.{{r|500Listeners}}
The waiver for KFAC and KFAC-FM was ultimately granted by the commission, and the deal was approved on October 29, 1969, on the condition that WERE-FM would be sold "as soon as practicable";{{Cite magazine |date=November 3, 1969 |id={{ProQuest|1014524884}} |title=Station-sale block hot at FCC: WDBJ spin-offs, WERE-AM-FM, WALA-TV are among 14 transactions approved by commission |pages=42, 44 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-03-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235126/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-03-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} WERE-FM and the Sandusky stations had already been ordered for divestiture instead of either KFAC or KFAC-FM earlier in the process.{{Cite magazine |date=September 15, 1969 |title=ASI adds a Calif. UHF, awaits OK of radio buy |id={{ProQuest|1014524021}} |page=82 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-09-15-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235126/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-09-15-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} After initial deals for all three fell through,{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite magazine |date=December 2, 1968 |title=Action in the trading market: $13-million worth of properties sold; biggest is Tucson AM-TV to 'Detroit News' |id={{ProQuest|1014511338}} |page=40 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-12-02-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235136/https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1968/1968-12-02-BC.pdf |url-status=live }}|{{Cite web|url= https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=62747 |title= History Cards for WLEC|publisher=Federal Communications Commission}} (Guide to reading History Cards)}} the Sandusky stations were spun off to a separate entity run by another son of Raymond Miller.{{Cite magazine |date=November 10, 1969 |title=For the Record: Ownership Transfers, Final Actions|id={{ProQuest|1014536900}} |page=96 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-10-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235126/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1969/1969-11-10-BC.pdf |url-status=live }}{{Cite magazine |date=December 14, 1970 |id={{ProQuest|1016861972}} |title=A tax break on WERE-FM sale |page=71 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-12-14-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235127/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-12-14-BC.pdf |url-status=live }} General Cinema Corporation acquired WERE-FM in May 1970 for $525,000.{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite magazine |date=May 11, 1970 |title=WERE-FM being spun off to General Cinema arm |id={{ProQuest|1014521056}} |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-05-11-BC.pdf |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235127/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-05-11-BC.pdf |url-status=live }}|{{Cite magazine |date=July 20, 1970 |title=For the Record: Ownership Changes |page=72 |id={{ProQuest|1016856234}} |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-07-20-BC.pdf |access-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235128/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-07-20-BC.pdf |url-status=live }}}}
== The ''Listeners' Guild'' and innovative programming ==
File:KFAC 1978 newspaper ad.jpg advertisers.]]
Despite the arguments presented to the FCC that separate program lineups and philosophies on KFAC and KFAC-FM would be unworkable, the full-time simulcast ended in 1970 with the FM station programmed separately for 18 hours a day; both stations also eschewed "semi-classical" programming in favor of more serious works.{{Cite magazine|date=February 14, 1970|title=KFAC Sheds 'Semi' For 'Pure' Sound|id={{ProQuest|1040642463}}|volume=82|page=34|magazine=Billboard|issue=7|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-02-14.pdf|access-date=July 8, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=March 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307123230/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-02-14.pdf|url-status=live}} Another noticeable change was the adoption of clustered commercial breaks and on-air identifications similar to the Top 40 format, which was claimed to help increase the amount of music the stations could play.{{Cite magazine|last=Hall|first=Claude|date=July 7, 1972|title=Bruce Johnson: Classical Fans Hurt Format|id={{ProQuest|1040677857}}|volume=84|pages=1, 16|magazine=Billboard|issue=27|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-07-01.pdf|access-date=July 8, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628130007/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-07-01.pdf|url-status=live}} The stations also established the KFAC Listeners' Guild in 1970 supported by an annual $3 membership fee, allowing listeners to provide direct feedback to the station and its operations.{{Cite magazine |last=Tiegel |first=Eliot |date=January 16, 1971 |title=KFAC Acts to Boost Classical |id={{ProQuest|1040554253}}|pages=1, 13 |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-01-16.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235129/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-01-16.pdf |url-status=live }} The Guild boasted over 11,000 paid members within the first year.{{r|KFACSpecialReport1971}}{{Cite magazine |date=June 21, 1971 |title=Special Report: Radio '71 |id={{ProQuest|1285745558}} |page=72 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1971/1971-06-21-BC.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235128/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1971/1971-06-21-BC.pdf |url-status=live }}
On January 17, 1972,{{Cite news|date=January 15, 1972|title=KFAC Changes Format|page=B-10|work=San Bernardino Sun-Telegram|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80822452/kfac-changes-format/|access-date=July 5, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185159/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80822452/kfac-changes-format/|url-status=live}} under newly installed program director Bernie Alan,{{Cite news|last=Page|first=Don|date=January 23, 1972|title=Sound of Growing Pains at KFAC|page=58|newspaper=Los Angeles Times Calendar|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80821723/sounds-of-growing-pains-at-kfac/|access-date=July 5, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185227/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80821723/sounds-of-growing-pains-at-kfac/|url-status=live}} the AM station took a more "popular" approach to music selections, playing familiar tunes and melodies with the aim of attracting younger listeners, while KFAC-FM took a more serious approach via a deeper playlist and broader spectrum of selections.{{Cite web |last=Paik |first=Felicia |date=July 22, 1989 |title=THE ROOTS OF KFAC |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-22-ca-3428-story.html |access-date=January 12, 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|language=en-US |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112063514/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-07-22-ca-3428-story.html |url-status=live }} Both stations continued to simulcast core programming like Evening Concert, Luncheon at the Lincoln Center, and Continental Classics.{{Cite magazine |date=January 29, 1972 |title=KFAC AM-FM Change |id={{ProQuest|1286364308}} |pages=24, 28 |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-01-29.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235130/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-01-29.pdf |url-status=live }} All of these changes were not without controversy as a group of listeners filed challenges to KFAC's licenses with the FCC over the newly instituted programming policies.{{r|KFACcrossroads}} The station settled the dispute by November 1972 by resuming publication of a program guide, seeking to tone down commercials, increasing the variety of selections aired on the AM frequency{{Cite news |last=Beigel |first=Jerry |date=November 16, 1972 |title=An Uneasy Truce at KFAC |page=34 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039229/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235132/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039229/an-uneasy-truce-at-kfac/ |url-status=live }} and ultimately relieving Bernie Alan of his programming duties.{{cite web|last=Hilliker|first=Jim|date=January 18, 2007|title=Remembering KPPC-AM: The birth and death of a heritage radio station|url=http://www.laradio.com/kppchistory.htm|url-status=live|access-date=July 4, 2021|work=laradio.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235132/http://www.laradio.com/kppchistory.htm}}
File:SAG-AFTRA headquarters.jpg Plaza, this Miracle Mile building—under the Prudential Square name—housed KFAC's studios from 1953 to 1982.]]Clyde Allen, Ph.D. served as KFAC's music director for 14 years{{r|face}} in addition to being the music director for the Los Angeles Ballet upon their 1974 formation.{{Cite news|last=Cariaga|first=Daniel|date=December 23, 1979|title=Back-to-basics 'Nutcracker'|page=84|newspaper=Los Angeles Times Calendar|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82294084/back-to-basics-nutcracker/|access-date=July 27, 2021|archive-date=July 27, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727193505/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82294084/back-to-basics-nutcracker/|url-status=live}} Allen wrote and produced multiple documentaries, including a 12-hour KFAC retrospective that aired over both stations on January 14, 1979. Billed as celebrating "40 years of classical music programming," with an assortment of interviews, airchecks from past programs and other archival material, it was a largely apocryphal marketing promotion.{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=James |date=January 14, 1979 |title=KFAC Celebrates a Classic Stage of Nostalgia |pages=74, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039646/ 75] |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039472/kfac_celebrates_a_classic_case_of/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110211532/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42039472/kfac_celebrates_a_classic_case_of/ |url-status=live }} After moving studios from Prudential Square to the former Villa Capri restaurant on Hollywood's Yucca Street in 1982,{{r|dismay}}{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2012 |title=Villa Capri |url=https://oldlarestaurants.com/villa-capri/ |access-date=January 12, 2020 |website=Old L.A. Restaurants |publisher=oldlarestaurants.com |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112224854/https://oldlarestaurants.com/villa-capri/ |url-status=live }}|{{Cite web |last=Nudelman |first=Robert W. |date=February 1, 2005 |title=This letter is in response to the two CEQA Negative Declarations (Neg.Dec.) filed concerning the project proposed for 6735 Yucca Street in Hollywood. |url=http://www.hollywoodheritage.com/preservation/Villa%20Capri.html |access-date=January 12, 2020 |website=Hollywood Heritage, Inc. |publisher=www.hollywoodheritage.com |archive-date=October 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010172329/http://www.hollywoodheritage.com/preservation/Villa%20Capri.html |url-status=live }}}} KFAC unveiled a large mural painted by Thomas Surlyz outside of the station building on Christmas Day, 1983, showing their long-tenured airstaff cavorting with their respective favorite historical composers.{{Cite magazine |date=January 2, 1984 |title=Classical dimension |id={{ProQuest|963232871}} |page=76 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1984/BC-1984-01-02.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235132/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1984/BC-1984-01-02.pdf |url-status=live }}
The station formally broke the glass ceiling in May 1985 with actress Lynne Warfel's hiring as the station's first female staff announcer; Carl Princi explained he had to wait several years for a job opening among the heavily tenured all-male staff.{{Cite magazine|last=Bornstein|first=Rollye|date=March 2, 1985|title=Vox Jox|volume=97|pages=12, 16|magazine=Billboard|issue=9|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1985/BB-1985-03-02.pdf|access-date=July 11, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628180931/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1985/BB-1985-03-02.pdf|url-status=live}} Despite this distinction, Nicola Lubitsch—daughter of movie director Ernst Lubitsch—had an on-air tryout to be a regular station announcer, with later press accounts erroneously attributing her as the first female announcer,{{r|NicolaLubitschKFAC}} but management opted to hire Warfel.{{Cite web|last=Gabler|first=Jay|date=March 28, 2015|title=Lynne Warfel: From the silver screen to the Silver City|url=https://www.yourclassical.org/story/2015/03/27/lynne-warfel|url-status=live|access-date=July 11, 2021|website=www.yourclassical.org|archive-date=July 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712003906/https://www.yourclassical.org/story/2015/03/27/lynne-warfel}} Moreover, Leonora Schildkraut had been the first female to host a regularly scheduled program over KFAC in 1972 with the youth-oriented Through the Looking Glass.{{Cite news|last=Erwin|first=Fran|date=February 16, 1973|title=Dream's on High Note|pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82265873/dreams-on-high-note-p2/ 3]|newspaper=Valley News: San Fernando Valley Living|location=Van Nuys, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82265835/dreams-on-high-note/|access-date=July 27, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727051535/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82265835/dreams-on-high-note/|url-status=live}} Co-produced by the Los Angeles Board of Education for additional use within the city's school district,{{Cite news|last=De Wolfe|first=Evelyn|date=September 7, 1972|title=She Uses Radio as Classroom Tool|pages=16, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82265125/she-uses-radio-as-classroom-tool-p2/ 19]|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82265114/she-uses-radio-as-classroom-tool/|access-date=July 27, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727051533/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82265114/she-uses-radio-as-classroom-tool/|url-status=live}} this weekly show won KFAC its lone Peabody Award in 1974.{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite news|last=Loper|first=Mary Lou|date=June 12, 1975|title=CTG: Theater's Winning-est Patrons|page=IV-6|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82263640/ctg-theaters-winning-est-patrons/|access-date=July 27, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727051533/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82263640/ctg-theaters-winning-est-patrons/|url-status=live}}|{{Cite web|title=Through the Looking Glass|url=https://peabodyawards.com/award-profile/through-the-looking-glass/|access-date=July 27, 2021|website=The Peabody Awards|language=en-US|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727051533/https://peabodyawards.com/award-profile/through-the-looking-glass/|url-status=live}}}} Gertrude "Gussie" Moran also began a short-lived daily sportscast over KFAC on May 8, 1972, becoming the second female radio sportscaster in the city after KNX's Jane Chastain.{{Cite news|last=Page|first=Don|date=May 8, 1972|title=Gussie to Air Sports on KFAC|page=IV-20|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82266190/gussie-to-air-sports-on-kfac/|access-date=July 27, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727051535/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82266190/gussie-to-air-sports-on-kfac/|url-status=live}}
KFAC would continue to develop different specialty shows. Global Village debuted in 1971 and aired for two hours every Friday night; developed by Dennis Parnell, it was a "mosaic program concept" that included selections of any type of music, along with poetry and other readings.{{Cite web |last=Parnell |first=Dennis |date=2004 |title=The Global Village |url=https://dennisparnell.net/boodis/GlobalVillageFrameset.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |website=dennisparnell.net |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112041650/https://dennisparnell.net/boodis/GlobalVillageFrameset.html |url-status=live }} After Dennis Parnell left the station, KCSN host Doug Ordunio assumed several of Parnell's duties, taking over Global Village's production and provided the impetus for other shows.{{Cite magazine |last=Darling |first=Cary |date=August 18, 1979 |title=L.A. KFAC's 'Soundscape' Offers Little Of Everything |page=20 |magazine=Billboard |id={{ProQuest|1286288551}} |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1979/Billboard%201979-08-18.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235133/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1979/Billboard%201979-08-18.pdf |url-status=live }} Those shows included: Soundscape, simulcast over both stations, with no set format but the intent to display similarities between different music styles, along with discussions over the selections by Fred Crane;{{r|KFACSoundscape}} At Home With, featuring interviews recorded at the homes of classical musical celebrities who lived in Southern California;{{r|KFACFondly}} The Circular Path, a set of five four-hour specials surrounding music concepts and forms which would eventually repeat themselves; and Making Waves, a weekly program of new-age music. Soundscape replaced a self-titled show hosted by Skip Weshner that ran from 1973 to 1979,{{r|MessagePrinci1979}}{{r|KFACSoundscape}} Weshner would return to the station in 1983 to host the show again for one additional year.{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite news |date=May 28, 1984 |title=LA disc jockey billed as man for all music |page=D9 |newspaper=The Desert Sun |location=Palm Springs, California |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19840530.2.167&srpos=1&e=------198-en--20--1--txt-txIN-KFAC----1984---1 |access-date=January 14, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235134/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19840530.2.167&srpos=1&e=------198-en--20--1--txt-txIN-KFAC----1984---1 |url-status=live }}|{{Cite web |title=Resume of Broadcast History: "The Skip Weshner Show" (Los Angeles) Originally "Accent on Sound" |url=http://www.seattlebuskers.com/skip/Additional%20information.htm |access-date=January 14, 2020 |website=www.seattlebuskers.com |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040234/http://www.seattlebuskers.com/skip/Additional%20information.htm |url-status=live }}}} Ordunio also became a staff announcer in 1981 hosting Artsline, a daily call-in talk show devoted to the arts that aired exclusively on the AM frequency.{{Cite magazine |date=February 7, 1981 |title=LA's KFAC-AM Kicks Off Talk Show |id={{ProQuest|1286423245}} |page=46 |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/80s/1981/BB-1981-02-07.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235133/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1981/BB-1981-02-07.pdf |url-status=live }}
== Dismissing the "KFAC Old Guard" ==
{{Quote box
| quote = Because publicity is rather obscure in our pursuit of broadcasting the classics--we are not, after all, your typical day-to-day hot copy--we felt more or less like anonymous creatures. I have actually received more recognition by being fired than at almost any other time in my career. I had no idea that so many people considered me a part of their daily lives.
| author = Tom Dixon
| source = former KFAC host{{r|dismay}}
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Classic Communications, Inc., a group of investors headed by Louise Heifetz—the daughter-in-law of violin virtuoso Jascha Heifetz{{Cite news|last=McDougal|first=Dennis|date=January 15, 1987|title=Dismay in the Voices Dismissed from KFAC|pages=VI1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562295/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from/ VI8], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562332/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from/ VI10]|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562249/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from-kfac/|access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614203048/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79562249/dismay-in-the-voices-dismissed-from-kfac/|url-status=live}}—purchased the two stations from ASI on April 8, 1986, for $33.5 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|33500000|1986}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}});{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Daniel |date=April 18, 1986 |title=KFAC CHANGES HANDS AFTER 20 YEARS |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-04-18-ca-673-story.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|language=en-US |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235133/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-04-18-ca-673-story.html |url-status=live }} KFAC executive vice president/sales manager Edward Argow was also a part of the group and was named chief operating officer.{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2016 |title=Ed Argow Dies At Age 87 |url=https://radioink.com/2016/02/12/ed-argow-dies-at-age-87/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |website=Radio Ink |language=en-US |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111002916/https://radioink.com/2016/02/12/ed-argow-dies-at-age-87/ |url-status=live }} At age 57, Ralph Guild, the head of ASI, thought it was time to sell KFAC.{{r|hands}} When the sale closed on December 17, program director Carl Princi announced his departure effective January 1, 1987, KUSC executive Robert Goldfarb was appointed as his replacement; while Heifetz did mention some program changes would take place, she denied KFAC would change format.{{Cite web |last=McDougal |first=Dennis |date=December 18, 1986 |title=KFAC-AM and FM Sold to Heifetz Kin for $33.5 Million |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-12-18-ca-3997-story.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|language=en-US |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111002913/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-12-18-ca-3997-story.html |url-status=live }} In a shocking move, however, Princi, Tom Dixon, Fred Crane, Martin Workman, Doug Ordunio and A. James Liska were all fired outright on December 31, 1986, along with most of the engineering staff.{{r|dismay}}{{Cite magazine |date=January 9, 1987 |title=R&R Street Talk |page=21 |magazine=Radio & Records |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1987/RR-1987-01-09.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235133/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1987/RR-1987-01-09.pdf |url-status=live }} Dixon notably was dismissed in the middle of his airshift, while Workman was fired immediately after his show ended; The Gas Company Evening Concert was the lone show retained on the schedule due to being a sponsored program under a separate contract.{{Cite news|last1=McDougal|first1=Dennis|last2=Margulies|first2=Lee|date=January 7, 1987|title=Staff Veterans Replaced: New Owner Cleans House at KFAC|page=VI-8|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79554985/staff-veterans-replaced-new-owner/|access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614203050/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79554985/staff-veterans-replaced-new-owner/|url-status=live}} Evening Concert host Thomas Cassidy himself retired from full-time duties on February 7.{{Cite news|last=McDougal|first=Dennis|date=February 7, 1987|title=Sudden, drastic changes at KMET|page=VI-8|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79556992/sudden-drastic-changes-at-kmet/|access-date=June 14, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614204402/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79556992/sudden-drastic-changes-at-kmet/|url-status=live}}
{{Quote box
| title = Los Angeles Times commentary excerpt on KFAC's mass firings
| quote = In retrospect, the multi-decade tenure of Crane and Dixon and Princi must stand as one of the airwaves' major miracles. And that's just the point. These men deserve a better fate... all that's missing here is a simple show of respect. Not just for the announcers who've lost their jobs, but for the thousands of listeners who feel they've lost some old friends.
| author = Marc Shulgold
| source = January 15, 1987{{r|ShulgoldKFAC}}
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}}Robert Goldfarb publicly re-positioned KFAC as "100% classical", eschewing jazz selections and Broadway show tunes, with a younger airstaff consisting of Mary Fain from Seattle's KING-FM, KUSC announcer Rich Capparela, KFAC part-timer John Santana,{{Cite news |last=Pasles |first=Chris |date=September 21, 1989 |title=KFAC Refugees Look for a New Place to Call Home on Radio Dial |pages=V10–[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42325272/kfac_station_sought_by_classical/ V11] |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42325261/kfac_refugees_look_for_a_new_place_to/ |access-date=January 15, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115061601/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42325261/kfac_refugees_look_for_a_new_place_to/ |url-status=live }} returning staffer Bernie Alan{{r|dismay}}{{r|RnRKFACFirings}} and Martin Perlich.{{Cite web |title=Martin Perlich Interviews |url=http://www.users.interport.net/k/c/kcsn/martinperlich.htm |access-date=January 12, 2020 |website=KCSN |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113040312/http://www.users.interport.net/k/c/kcsn/martinperlich.htm |url-status=live }} KFAC also cancelled Adventures in Good Music{{r|dismay}} and dropped their Mutual Broadcasting System affiliation.{{r|OwnerCleansHouse}} Jeff Pollack, a programming consultant famously associated with album-oriented rock stations, signed a contract to consult KFAC.{{r|RnRKFACFirings}} Heifetz and Argow defended the moves by saying that KFAC's programming scope needed to be broadened in order to attract younger listeners and improve perennially low Arbitron ratings, and the tenured airstaff just didn't fit their plans.{{r|dismay}} One month later, KMET's entire airstaff was dismissed and format changed outright due to declining ratings of their own, echoing Heifetz and Argow's rationale.{{r|DrasticChangesKMET}} This was still a major departure from prior ASI management who regarded KFAC's audience as wealthy, educated and attractive to loyal high-end advertisers, a belief supported by the fact KFAC never operated with a financial loss.{{r|dismay}}
The firings and programming adjustments were met with a generally negative response from the public and dismay among the fired personnel. A commentary piece for the Los Angeles Times by Marc Shulgold noted how he had an "unsettling experience" while listening to the revamped format and concluded by saying the fired air talent and their listeners all deserved a better fate.{{Cite news|last=Shulgold|first=Marc|date=January 15, 1987|title='New' KFAC Sparks Many Fond Memories of the 'Old'|pages=VI1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565274/new-kfac-sparks-many-fond-memories-of/ VI8]|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565243/new-kfac-sparks-many-fond-memories-of/|access-date=June 15, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043137/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565243/new-kfac-sparks-many-fond-memories-of/|url-status=live}} For their part, Carl Princi, Tom Dixon and Fred Crane all told the Times that Heifetz, Goldfarb and Argow badly misjudged the station's audience and predicted that KFAC's ratings and revenue would suffer as a result, while Dixon noted the outpouring of support from listeners upset at his removal far exceeded the recognition he received at any other point in his career.{{r|dismay}} The dismissed announcers would subsequently file an age-discrimination lawsuit against KFAC and prevailed in court.{{Cite news |last=McLellan |first=Dennis |date=August 24, 2008 |title=Fred Crane, radio announcer, actor, at 90 |work=Boston.com |url=http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/08/24/fred_crane_radio_announcer_actor_at_90/ |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112005435/http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2008/08/24/fred_crane_radio_announcer_actor_at_90/ |url-status=live }}
= The end of KFAC =
{{see also|KRRL}}KFAC and KFAC-FM were sold in two separate deals for a combined $63.7 million. After being put on the market in April 1988,{{Cite news|last=Harris|first=Kathryn|date=April 14, 1988|title=Classical Station KFAC-AM for Sale; Ratings Decline|page=IV-18|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565803/classical-station-kfac-am-for-sale/|access-date=June 14, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614204400/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79565803/classical-station-kfac-am-for-sale/|url-status=live}} KFAC was sold to Lotus Communications for $8.7 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|8700000|1988}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}) on July 15.{{Cite magazine |date=July 18, 1988 |id={{ProQuest|1014728723}}|title=For the Record: Changing Hands |page=73 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1988/BC-1988-07-18.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020}}{{Cite magazine |date=August 29, 1988 |title=For the Record: Ownership Changes |page=68 |id={{ProQuest|1016920926}}|magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1988/BC-1988-08-29.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020}} Just before that deal closed on January 17, 1989, KFAC-FM was subsequently sold to Evergreen Media for $55 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|55000000|1989}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}).{{Cite web |last=Sandoval |first=Rick |date=January 18, 1989 |title=L.A. classical music station sells for $63.7 million |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/01/18/LA-classical-music-station-sells-for-637-million/3825601102800/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |website=UPI |language=en}} The FM alone set a record for the most expensive sale of a classical music outlet in the United States.{{Cite news |last=Sánchez |first=Jesús |date=January 19, 1989 |title=Dallas Firm To Acquire KFAC-FM |page=2 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42003853/dallas_firm_to_acquire_kfacfm/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}} At the end, just five percent of KFAC-AM-FM's combined total audience listened to the AM frequency, which is why it was sold off first;{{r|british}} even though KFAC-FM was not on the market, the offer made by Evergreen was high enough that it prompted Classic Communications to consider selling.{{r|dallas}}
Immediately, the news of the KFAC-FM sale in particular raised alarms from industry experts that the station was about to exit the classical format. While Evergreen head Scott Ginsberg initially told Radio & Records that the station's format would remain in place,{{Cite magazine |date=January 20, 1989 |title=Evergreen Buys KFAC For $55 Million |pages=10, 28 |magazine=Radio & Records |id={{ProQuest|1017211845}}|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1989/RR-1989-01-20.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020}} American Radio publisher James Duncan Jr. warned, "Classical radio stations are not in vogue. What's in vogue is FM stations in Los Angeles", saying that Evergreen would have no choice but to change formats in order to make the revenue needed to pay the debt service incurred in acquiring KFAC-FM.{{r|dallas}} After months of speculation, Evergreen donated the music library from both stations, estimated at 50,000 recordings, to KUSC, along with a $35,000 check;{{r|waltzends}} Stanford University and the Los Angeles Public Library acquired KFAC's compact disc library, the majority of titles KUSC already held.{{Cite news |last1=Puig |first1=Claudia |last2=McQuilkin |first2=Terry |date=August 24, 1989 |title=KFAC Parcels Out Classical Library |pages=V1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013475/kfac_station_to_parcel_out_classical/ V4]-[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013491/kfac/ V5] |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013452/kfac_parcels_out_classical_library/ |access-date=January 13, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}} KUSC also acquired the programming rights to the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Texaco Metropolitan Opera broadcasts.{{r|waltzends}}
{{Quote box
| title = Opening to Rich Capparela's KFAC farewell speech
| quote = While it is too late to save KFAC, I believe that we should be able to draw a lesson from this passing, and turn this event into something good. I know that there are some who would say, "well, what's the big deal? We've got bigger problems to deal with!" And to people like that, and if you're thinking that way, I say this: if you want to make this country a better place to live in...you can start with nothing more important than the arts. Now, I'm not just talking here about classical music... literature, architecture, dance: the humanities. The humanities and a study of things greater than themselves is the most important way to impress people–especially young people!–of their place. Of their worth.
| author = Rich Capparela
| source = September 20, 1989{{r|KFACSignsOff}}
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KFAC's demise was seen as the end of an era in Los Angeles. In July, KPFK held a two-hour program that served as an "early wake" for KFAC, during which 20 listeners called into the station.{{Cite news |date=July 19, 1989 |title=First Off... |page=2 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013207/first_off/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}} KCRW presented a three-hour documentary—titled "KFAC: Requiem for a Radio Station"—hosted by Nicola Lubitsch with appearances from Fred Crane, Carl Princi, Thomas Cassidy and Tom Dixon, and a look back at KFAC's history.{{Cite news |last=Wagoner |first=Richard |date=September 15, 1989 |title=Classical station KFAC-FM takes final bow Wednesday |page=E-15 |work=The Daily Breeze/News-Pilot |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013678/classical_station_kfacfm_takes_final/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235229/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013678/classical-station-kfac-fm-takes-final/ |url-status=live }} The Los Angeles Times editorial board mused on the pending switch, noting the dubious distinction of Los Angeles becoming the only major American city without a commercial classical music radio station, and advocated for another station in the market to adopt the format.{{Cite news |last=Editorial Board |date=September 5, 1989 |title=Farewell to KFAC |page=29 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013650/farewell_to_kfac/ |access-date=January 13, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113160510/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013650/farewell_to_kfac/ |url-status=live }} Mount Wilson FM Broadcasters' KKGO-FM had already announced the adoption of classical programming during the daytime starting in January 1990,{{r|refugees}}{{r|face}} with its existing jazz format being transferred to KFOX (AM).{{Cite news |last=Wagoner |first=Richard |date=July 28, 1989 |title=Changes likely at KFAC, but new owners remain mum |pages=E8-[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013395/radio/ E14] |work=San Pedro News-Pilot |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013374/changes_likely_at_kfac_but_new_owners/ |access-date=January 13, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113160557/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013374/changes_likely_at_kfac_but_new_owners/ |url-status=live }} Mount Wilson chairman Saul Levine expressed interest in acquiring the entire KFAC music library, but abandoned the offer when presented with a $1 million asking price; newly appointed general manager Jim de Castro—who joined the station in March from Evergreen's Chicago outlet WLUP{{Cite news |last=Puig |first=Claudia |date=October 8, 1989 |title=Music to Someone's Ears : How demographics transformed classical radio station KFAC into big-beat KKBT |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42320463/music_to_someones_ears/ |access-date=January 15, 2020 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|pages=8, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42320406/kkbt/ 80], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42320430/kkbt_contd/ 81] |language=en-US|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115040018/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42320463/music_to_someones_ears/ |url-status=live }} and presided over the station's music library donations—denied seeking that amount, but that two appraisers valued the collection at upwards of $1.8 million.{{r|ParcelsOutLibrary}}
Meanwhile, new ownership capitalized on the attention to begin teasing 92.3's next format. The station carried part of a Rolling Stones press conference in Los Angeles in mid-July,{{Cite news |last=Puig |first=Claudia |date=July 22, 1989 |title=KFAC to Face the Music—but It May Not Be Classical |pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013288/kfac/ 8], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013320/kfac/ 9] |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013244/kfac_to_face_the_musicbut_it_may_not/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235305/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013244/kfac-to-face-the-musicbut-it-may-not/ |url-status=live }}{{r|KFACMumOnChanges}} and in August, it paid for a billboard on Sunset Boulevard reading, "Pirate Radio, KLSX, KLOS: Get Ready to Move Over and Let the Big Dogs Eat!"{{Cite news |date=August 11, 1989 |title=A New Radio Mystery |page=21 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013415/a_new_radio_mystery/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235314/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013415/a-new-radio-mystery/ |url-status=live }} While published reports speculated that the station was to call itself "KBDE" as an acronym for "Big Dogs Eat",{{r|KKBTEars}} James de Castro admitted to Radio & Records that the Sunset Boulevard billboard installation only came about after he won a bet playing golf, providing him (and Evergreen) full use of it for a full month.{{Cite magazine |date=August 11, 1989 |title=KFAC Rockin' The Dogs |page=1 |magazine=Radio & Records |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1989/RR-1989-08-11.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235237/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1989/RR-1989-08-11.pdf |url-status=live }} The earlier warnings posited by James Duncan Jr. and the dismissed KFAC personnel would become prophetic, as de Castro told The New York Times that KFAC suffered a significant decline in advertising revenue that rendered the format economically impossible to continue.{{Cite news |last1=Mydans |first1=Seth |last2=Special To the New York Times |date=September 20, 1989 |title=Los Angeles Journal; In a Quest For Profit, Beethoven Is Ousted |language=en-US |page=A16 |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York, New York |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/20/us/los-angeles-journal-in-a-quest-for-profit-beethoven-is-ousted.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110222732/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/20/us/los-angeles-journal-in-a-quest-for-profit-beethoven-is-ousted.html |url-status=live }} Evergreen hired Liz Kiley from KOST as program director for the replacement format; despite her background in adult contemporary and contemporary hit radio, Kiley ordered for the station several AOR-related syndicated radio specials.{{Cite magazine |date=August 11, 1989 |title=Street Talk - Not-So-Closet Headbanger |page=30 |magazine=Radio & Records |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1989/RR-1989-08-11.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235237/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1989/RR-1989-08-11.pdf |url-status=live }} De Castro also expressed surprise in a Los Angeles Times interview that no organized effort to challenge the format change ever materialized, even as the station received a steady amount of protest letters and phone calls.{{r|waltzends}}
While the station had prepared a final schedule of music programming for the entire month of September 1989, the switch ended up occurring mid-month, as had been anticipated. That schedule for the last two days of the month was to have included, at the end of every air shift, Haydn's "Farewell" Symphony.{{Cite news |last=Colker |first=David |date=August 27, 1989 |title=Life without KFAC: What killed L.A.'s only commercial classical station and what's next |pages=3, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013578/kfacfm/ 57], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013604/life_without_kfac_the_end_of_an_era_in/ 94] |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013545/life_without_kfac_what_killed_las/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235310/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42013545/life-without-kfac-what-killed-las/ |url-status=live }} The soon-to-be-dismissed airstaff made pointed references on-air to the station's demise in the days leading up to it; Rich Capparela compared it to an execution by firing squad before reading a weather forecast, while after playing Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, Mary Fain said that the piece was "composed just a few months before his death, and played just a few hours before ours at KFAC."{{r|beethoven}} The classical music station in San Diego, KFSD, ran advertising on KFAC promoting itself as "classical music for San Diego—and now for Orange County".{{Cite news |date=September 21, 1989 |title=Other Stations Move to Fill Classical Void |page=11 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42104552/ |access-date=January 11, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235239/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42104552/other-stations-move-to-fill-classical/ |url-status=live }} At the same time, Evergreen took out local ads on L.A. Law, the 1989 MTV Movie Awards, and The Arsenio Hall Show that teased the new station.{{r|KKBTEars}}
At noon on September 20, 1989, KUSC, which had also placed advertising for its classical offerings on KFAC in the final days, simulcast the final hour of KFAC's classical programming.{{r|waltzends}} This included Jim de Castro ceremoniously "passing a baton" to KUSC general manager Wallace Smith,{{r|KKBTEars}} followed by a farewell message from Rich Capparela, who would rejoin KUSC's airstaff; the hour concluded with KFAC-FM's final classical selection—the "Farewell" Symphony{{Cite news |last=Puig |first=Claudia |date=September 20, 1989 |title=Waltz Ends at KFAC as New Crew Gears Up for Rock |page=4 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42038359/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055452/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42038359/waltz-ends-at-kfac-as-new-crew-gears-up/ |url-status=live }}—and a moment of silence led by de Castro.{{Cite web |date=September 20, 1989 |title=KFAC Signs-Off |url=https://formatchange.com/kfac-becomes-the-beat/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |website=Format Change Archive |publisher=RadioBB Networks |language=en-US |archive-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110231511/https://formatchange.com/kfac-becomes-the-beat/ |url-status=live }} At 1 p.m., after 60 seconds of silence, the FM station began stunting with heartbeat sounds, interspersed with brief snippets of rock songs,{{r|KKBTEars}} ahead of the debut of KKBT "The Beat" the next day.
"KKBT LAT R&R">{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite news |date=September 21, 1989 |title=First Off... |page=2 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42038839/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}}|{{Cite magazine |date=September 22, 1989 |title=The Beat Goes On: KFAC Becomes KKBT |pages=1, 31 |magazine=Radio & Records |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1980s/1989/RR-1989-09-22.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020}}}}
The KFAC call letters, which were also donated to KUSC,{{r|ParcelsOutLibrary}} were placed on one of their repeater stations in Santa Barbara from 1991 to 2004;{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{Cite magazine |date=1991 |title=Directory of Radio Stations in the United States and Canada |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Annuals/Archive-BC-YB-IDX/90s-OCR-YB/1991-YB/1991-BC-YB-OCR-Page-0132.pdf |magazine=The Broadcasting Yearbook |page=B-46 |access-date=June 16, 2018 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055414/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Annuals/Archive-BC-YB-IDX/90s-OCR-YB/1991-YB/1991-BC-YB-OCR-Page-0132.pdf |url-status=live }}|{{Cite magazine |date=2005 |title=Directory of Radio Stations in the United States |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Annuals/Archive-BC-YB-IDX/00s-OCR-YB/2005-YB/2005-BC-YB-OCR-Page-0400.pdf |magazine=Broadcasting & Cable Yearbook |via=World Radio History |location=New Providence, New Jersey |publisher=R.R. Bowker |page=D-96 |access-date=June 16, 2018 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055400/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Annuals/Archive-BC-YB-IDX/00s-OCR-YB/2005-YB/2005-BC-YB-OCR-Page-0400.pdf |url-status=live }}}} that station is now KCRW repeater KDRW.
=KWKW=
{{for|information on KWKW at 1300 AM prior to 1989|KAZN}}
== KWKW moves to 1330 ==
File:Jaime Jarrin 2009.jpg announcer for the Los Angeles Dodgers since 1959, Jaime Jarrín began his career at KAZN in 1955. At both {{Frequency|1300|AM}} and {{Frequency|1330|AM}}, KWKW served as the team's Spanish flagship from 1958 to 1972 and again from 1986 to 2007.{{r|switchup}}]]
In contrast to the FM, the AM station would have a more straightforward fate. In order to facilitate their acquisition of KFAC and comply with then-existing FCC regulations, Lotus divested their existing Los Angeles AM property, KAZN in Pasadena, to NetworksAmerica—headed by former KFAC station manager George Fritzinger—for $4.5 million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|4500000|1988}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}});{{r|KFACSaleToLotus1}} paperwork filed with the FCC showed Classic Communications purchasing KWKW from Lotus for the same dollar amount then acting as the seller.{{r|KFACSaleToLotus2}} Lotus retained the KWKW call letters, all on and off-air personnel, programming, and history; the previous KWKW, owned by Lotus since 1962, was Southern California's oldest Spanish-language outlet, which had been broadcasting since 1941{{r|audience}} and operated on the {{Frequency|1300|AM}} facility since 1950 following a similar asset/license swap.{{unbulleted list citebundle|{{cite magazine|date=January 23, 1950|title=Non-Docket Actions|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1950/BC-1950-01-23.pdf|volume=38|issue=4|page=84|id={{ProQuest|1401178062}}|magazine=Broadcasting-Telecasting|access-date=May 1, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308041043/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1950/BC-1950-01-23.pdf|url-status=live}}|{{cite magazine|date=October 3, 1949|title=New Applications|id={{ProQuest|1014905730}}|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1949/1949-10-03-BC.pdf|volume=37|issue=14|page=80|magazine=Broadcasting-Telecasting|access-date=April 30, 2021|via=World Radio History|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308041357/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1949/1949-10-03-BC.pdf|url-status=live}}}} KWKW had been owned by Lotus since 1962 and was the first station to be purchased by the nascent broadcast chain.{{Cite magazine |date=April 23, 1962 |title=Changing Hands: Approved |page=68 |magazine=Broadcasting |via=World Radio History |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-04-23-BC.pdf |access-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1962/1962-04-23-BC.pdf |url-status=live |id={{ProQuest|1014454470}} }}
On January 14, 1989, KFAC's call letters were changed to KWKW, and the programming heard on the previous KWKW effectively "moved" from 1300 to 1330, representing a coverage boost improving reception in the San Fernando Valley.{{Cite news |last=Valle |first=Victor |date=January 3, 1989 |title=The Sun Threatens to Set on British Radio Comedy |pages=2, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42003274/radio_show/ 5] |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42003246/the_sun_threatens_to_set_on_british/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055506/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42003246/the-sun-threatens-to-set-on-british/ |url-status=live }} In the process, a British comedy program known as Cynic's Choice hosted by Brian Clewer, which had aired only on the AM frequency since 1971, was displaced.{{r|british}}{{Cite news |last=Rourke |first=Mary |date=May 5, 2008 |title=Brian Clewer - longtime host of British radio show in L.A. |newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/05/BANL10GRDU.DTL |access-date=May 11, 2008 |quote=Brian Clewer, a London-born radio personality who was host of "Cynic's Choice," a program of British comedy and music that aired in Los Angeles for more than 40 years, has died. He was 79. |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055438/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Brian-Clewer-longtime-host-of-British-radio-3285070.php |url-status=live }} NetworksAmerica concurrently changed the former KWKW's call letters to KAZN and relaunched it as an Asian radio station—the first such radio station to operate in the Los Angeles area.{{r|british}}{{Cite news |last=Mednick |first=Harvey |date=June 4, 1989 |title=Dial shakes, rattles 'n' rolls with format changes |page=17 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014605/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014605/dial-shakes-rattles-n-rolls-with/ |url-status=live }} With the switch to {{Frequency|1330|AM}}, KWKW expanded its focus on regional Mexican music (including mariachi and banda), calling itself "La Mexicana". It also brought with it its sports coverage, which included Spanish-language broadcasts of the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Raiders.{{Cite news |last=Wagner |first=Shelley |date=June 4, 1989 |title=Local radio stations cover all the bases of athletic arena |page=17 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014677/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055404/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014677/local-radio-tations-cover-all-the-bases/ |url-status=live }} Dodgers broadcasts were headed up by play-by-play announcer Jaime Jarrín, a position he has held continuously since the 1959 season;{{r|switchup}} Jarrín began working at KWKW in 1955 as a news reporter.{{Cite news|last=Plaschke|first=Bill|date=March 25, 2018|title=Jarrin no se va anywhere just yet|pages=D1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79736858/jarrin-no-se-va-anywhere-just-yet-p2/ D3]|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79736793/jarrin-no-se-va-anywhere-just-yet/|access-date=June 17, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201725/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79736793/jarrin-no-se-va-anywhere-just-yet/|url-status=live}} The station was further recognized by the National Association of Broadcasters as 1992's Spanish-language station of the year during their annual Marconi Radio Awards.{{r|audience}} That same year, Jim Kalmenson of Lotus attributed the success of KWKW to an audience that preferred tradition over change and needed a source of community information.{{Cite news|via=NewsBank|first=Fred|last=Shuster|work=Los Angeles Daily News|title=Radio News & Notes: Spanish stations grasp a big share of the mercado|page=L26|date=February 17, 1992}}
In 1994, new program director Alberto Vera shuffled the station's lineup, leading to the resignations of several members of the air staff and protests from listeners; Vera sought to make the station better for family listening and reduce the number of double entendres heard on the air.{{cite news|id={{ProQuest|368125891}}|title=Causa protestas el cambio de formato de KWKW: Los planes del nuevo director de programacion estan dirigidos a lograr lo que el llama una estacion 'decente y familiar', y por eso los cambios |trans-title=KWKW format change causes protests: The plans of the new program director are aimed at making it what he calls a 'decent and family' station, thus the station |language=es |work=La Opinión|page=1F|first=Blanca|last=Arroyo|date=January 13, 1994}} KWKW experimented with a talk format in 1995 but could not fully commit to it because of contracts relating to the hosts of its music-driven shows.{{r|corridos}} On August 11, 1997, KWKW left its regional Mexican music format and became just the second Spanish-language all-talk station in the United States (KTNQ was the first).{{Cite news |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |date=August 21, 1997 |title=Conversation, Not Corridos |page=28R |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015207/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015207/conversation-not-corridos/ |url-status=live }} It was the only Spanish-language radio station in the United States to send a crew to cover the 1998 visit of Pope John Paul II to Cuba.{{r|audience}} In 2000, Arbitron surveys showed its listenership included the oldest and wealthiest Spanish speakers in the area; its programming, in addition to the Dodgers, included a live call-in show on immigration topics (Inmigración 1330) and hourly newscasts covering Mexican and Central American news.{{Cite news |last=Calvo |first=Dana |date=March 2, 2000 |title=It's All About the Audience |pages=30, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015144/ 31] |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015073/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055404/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42015073/its-all-about-the-audience/ |url-status=live }} In 1996, the station became the Spanish-language flagship of the Los Angeles Lakers in Kobe Bryant's rookie season, timing that was credited with helping the Lakers cement themselves as the most important sports franchise in the Los Angeles Hispanic market.{{Cite news |last=Baxter |first=Kevin |title=For Latino basketball fans, 'Lakers' is a magic word in any language |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2011-feb-15-la-sp-nba-lakers-latino-20110216-story.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=December 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226210143/https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2011-feb-15-la-sp-nba-lakers-latino-20110216-story.html |url-status=live }}
Lotus acquired KWPA ({{Frequency|1220|AM}}), a 250-watt station in Pomona, from Multicultural Broadcasting in 1999 for $750,000 (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|750000|1999}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}).{{Cite news |date=December 17, 1999 |title=Radio & Records: Transactions |page=8 |id={{ProQuest|1017337735}} |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1990s/1999/RR-1999-12-17.pdf |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/1990s/1999/RR-1999-12-17.pdf |url-status=live }} Lotus renamed it KWKU and converted it to a simulcast of KWKW's sports programming improving reception in Pomona and Ontario, in addition to serving as an overflow station for KWKW sports coverage; KWKU also exclusively carried broadcasts of the Los Angeles Sparks of the WNBA. The KWKU nominal main studio in Pomona would prove critical to getting KWKW back on the air on December 6, 2001, when a major fire at the Sunset Vine Tower, home to the Lotus cluster, caused extensive electrical damage to the building, which was deemed unsafe by fire officials. 105 computers, mixers and other equipment were carted out of the building, and John Cooper, the chief engineer for Lotus Los Angeles, drove them to Pomona, where the station was back on the air in six hours.{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Barry |date=August 2002 |title=The Tower and the Almost Inferno |pages=34, 42 |work=Broadcast Engineering Radio |id={{ProQuest|212428472}} |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Broadcast-Engineering/BE-RADIO/00s/be-radio-2002-08.pdf |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055403/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Broadcast-Engineering/BE-RADIO/00s/be-radio-2002-08.pdf |url-status=live }} As a result of the extensive damage, Lotus relocated temporarily to the recently vacated KTNQ studios and later purchased a building near Universal Studios Hollywood to be fitted out for its operation.{{r|tower}}
In 2003, Armando Aguayo—today one of the radio voices of Los Angeles FC, heard in Spanish on KWKW's sister station KFWB—got his start in the market on KWKW.{{Cite news |last=El Reda |first=Jad |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Armando Aguayo recuerda su camino antes de llegar a ser la voz oficial del LAFC |language=es-US |trans-title=Armando Aguayo recalls his road to becoming the official voice of LAFC |work=Hoy Los Ángeles |url=https://www.hoylosangeles.com/deportes/futbol/hoyla-html-el-narrador-oficial-del-lafc-armando-aguayo-recuerda-su-camino-al-nuevo-equipo-angelino-20180509-htmlstory.html |access-date=July 11, 2021 |archive-date=July 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711043301/https://www.hoylosangeles.com/deportes/futbol/hoyla-html-el-narrador-oficial-del-lafc-armando-aguayo-recuerda-su-camino-al-nuevo-equipo-angelino-20180509-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}
==ESPN Deportes and Tu Liga Radio==
{{Quote box
| quote = I'm excited (about the Dodgers' new radio contract)... it's fantastic. But I was with KWKW for 51 years and a little bit of my heart will always be with KWKW.
| author = Jaime Jarrín
| source = on the Dodgers' Spanish language radio flagship changing from KWKW to KHJ for the 2008 season{{r|switchup}}
| align = left
| width = 250px
| qalign = left
| quoted = yes
| salign = right
}}
On October 1, 2005, KWKW went full-time as a Spanish-language sports station, the flagship of a new radio network, ESPN Deportes Radio.{{Cite news |date=July 25, 2005 |title=KWKW to Join ESPN Team for Major Push of Sports en Español |work=LA Business Journal |url=https://labusinessjournal.com/news/2005/jul/25/kwkw-to-join-espn-team-for-major-push-of-sports/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107055411/https://labusinessjournal.com/news/2005/jul/25/kwkw-to-join-espn-team-for-major-push-of-sports/ |url-status=live }} At the time, the station also carried Chivas USA games.{{Cite news |last=Hoffarth |first=Tom |date=October 7, 2005 |title=Zelasko's baseball instincts kick in |work=New York Daily News |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2005/10/07/zelaskos-baseball-instincts-kick-in/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111024715/https://www.dailynews.com/2005/10/07/zelaskos-baseball-instincts-kick-in/ |url-status=live }} However, the station's relationship with the Dodgers—which had been on KWKW from 1958 to 1972 and then again beginning in 1986—ended after the 2007 season, when the franchise, citing its dislike of soccer preemptions that could have happened under the station's new deal to carry LA Galaxy games, opted to sign with KHJ.{{Cite news |last=Stewart |first=Larry |date=August 22, 2007 |title=Three teams switch up radio |page=D6 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014968/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235240/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42014968/three-teams-switch-up-radio/ |url-status=live }} The Galaxy deal was arranged after David Beckham signed a landmark contract with the MLS club, boosting the club and leagues' visibility on an international scale.{{Cite news|last=Bandini|first=Nicky|date=January 11, 2007|title=Beckham confirms LA Galaxy move|work=The Guardian|location=London|url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/continentalfootball/story/0,,1988215,00.html|access-date=May 10, 2007|archive-date=July 24, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724031720/http://football.guardian.co.uk/continentalfootball/story/0,,1988215,00.html|url-status=live}} Consequently, the station inked a five-year contract to become the Spanish-language flagship of the Los Angeles Angels, but Jaime Jarrín remained with the Dodgers broadcast team, ending a 51-year long run at KWKW as both a news reporter and sportscaster.{{r|switchup}} Current Galaxy announcer Rolando 'Veloz' González has credited Jarrín with helping him get a start in U.S. broadcasting after immigrating from his native Guatemala.{{r|RolandoGonzalez}}
Along with the Galaxy coverage, the station has carried the FIFA World Cup; while coverage of the 2006 edition was in Spanish, KWKW carried most of ESPN Radio's English-language coverage of the 2010 edition, allowing ESPN Radio affiliates KSPN and KLAA to continue with their normal program schedules. In 2018, the station contracted with Fútbol de Primera, the national soccer radio network that holds World Cup rights, to exclusively produce coverage for KWKW.{{r|shift}} KWKW and Fútbol de Primera teamed up again in 2019 to broadcast the first ever Spanish-language U.S. radio coverage of the FIFA Women's World Cup.{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2019 |title=News Bites: John D. Dingell, Jr., WCMF-FM, CRS, FIFA. |work=InsideRadio |url=http://www.insideradio.com/free/news-bites-john-d-dingell-jr-wcmf-fm-crs-fifa/article_2f5a0746-3ad6-11e9-8084-c3b755174e0f.html |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111215715/http://www.insideradio.com/free/news-bites-john-d-dingell-jr-wcmf-fm-crs-fifa/article_2f5a0746-3ad6-11e9-8084-c3b755174e0f.html |url-status=live }}
KWKW also was the Spanish flagship of the Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League until the team folded in April 2009.{{r|KWKWESPNDeportes}} Also in 2009, KWKW added the other NBA team in Los Angeles, the Clippers, to its rights portfolio, carrying 48 games in the first season.{{Cite news |last=Peltz |first=Jim |date=November 5, 2009 |title=Kaman gets comfortable outside |page=C5 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42060117/ |access-date=January 10, 2020|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235244/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42060117/kaman-gets-comfortable-outside/ |url-status=live }} In 2016, KWKW became the Spanish-language home of the Los Angeles Rams, heading up a multi-station network that also includes Lotus's Spanish sports outlet in Las Vegas, KENO.{{Cite news |date=July 19, 2016 |title=LA Rams Make Big Play for Latino Market on KWKW. |work=Inside Radio |url=http://www.insideradio.com/free/la-rams-make-big-play-for-latino-market-on-kwkw/article_15a7b374-4df4-11e6-be6d-f7465c98c3c6.html |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120235308/http://www.insideradio.com/free/la-rams-make-big-play-for-latino-market-on-kwkw/article_15a7b374-4df4-11e6-be6d-f7465c98c3c6.html |url-status=live }} Two years later, the station picked up 10 games of the Los Angeles Kings—the first time in 20 years that any of the NHL team's games were broadcast in Spanish.{{Cite news |date=September 12, 2018 |title=LA Kings Partner with ESPN Deportes to Broadcast 10 Games in Spanish |work=LA Kings |url=https://www.nhl.com/kings/news/la-kings-partner-with-espn-deportes-to-broadcast-10-games-in-spanish/c-300073554 |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709053723/https://www.nhl.com/kings/news/la-kings-partner-with-espn-deportes-to-broadcast-10-games-in-spanish/c-300073554 |url-status=live }} With Francisco X. Rivera and Nano Cortes as the announcers, this addition coincided with the Kings moving their English-language coverage onto the iHeartRadio platform; the team evaluated the KWKW partnership's viability through social media feedback and interactions.{{Cite news|last=Hoffarth|first=Tom|date=November 6, 2018|title=Kings courting Latino fans|page=D2|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81139946/kings-courting-latino-fans/|access-date=July 10, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710213351/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81139946/kings-courting-latino-fans/|url-status=live}} The relationship was renewed for the 2019–20 season, with 12 home games airing on KWKW.{{Cite news |last=Rosen |first=Jon |date=September 6, 2019 |title=Broadcast details announced; 78 games on FSW as audio streaming expands |work=LA Kings Insider |url=http://lakingsinsider.com/2019/09/06/broadcast-details-announced-78-games-on-fsw-as-audio-streaming-expands/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118183247/http://lakingsinsider.com/2019/09/06/broadcast-details-announced-78-games-on-fsw-as-audio-streaming-expands/ |url-status=live }}
When ESPN Deportes ended operations on September 8, 2019, KWKW affiliated with TUDN Radio, another Spanish-language sports network operated by Univision, airing its programming on nights and weekends.{{Cite news |last=Venta |first=Lance |date=September 10, 2019 |title=TUDN & Unanimo Deportes Fill ESPN Deportes Sized Hole |work=RadioInsight |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/180424/tudn-unanimo-deportes-fill-espn-deportes-sized-hole/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113070831/https://radioinsight.com/headlines/180424/tudn-unanimo-deportes-fill-espn-deportes-sized-hole/ |url-status=live }}"{{cite news|url=https://www.rbr.com/tudn-radio-afi/|title=TUDN Picks Up Some Former ESPN Deportes Radio Affiliates|work=Radio & Television Business Report|date=September 9, 2019|access-date=September 9, 2019|archive-date=September 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910053614/https://www.rbr.com/tudn-radio-afi/|url-status=live}} KWKW did not learn of the network's folding until it was publicly announced; general manager Jim Kalmenson said that ESPN Deportes programming was largely supplemental to the station's local sports talk programming which earned higher ratings.{{Cite news |last=Jacobson |first=Adam |date=June 11, 2019 |title='El último adiós': ESPN Deportes Radio To Make Podcast Shift |work=RBR |url=https://www.rbr.com/espn-deportes-make-podcast-shift/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111020043/https://www.rbr.com/espn-deportes-make-podcast-shift/ |url-status=live }} The station also rebranded to Tu Liga (Your League) reflecting the addition of Liga MX soccer to the lineup via TUDN Radio's play-by-play.{{r|KWKWTUDNSwitch}} Along with the switch, prior TUDN affiliate KTNQ—itself owned by Univision—switched back to a talk format.{{cite news|last1=Venta|first1=Lance|date=September 12, 2019|title=KTNQ Returns To Spanish News/Talk|work=RadioInsight|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/180481/ktnq-returns-to-spanish-news-talk/|access-date=January 13, 2020|archive-date=January 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113070805/https://radioinsight.com/headlines/180481/ktnq-returns-to-spanish-news-talk/|url-status=live}}
Programming
= Weekdays and weekends =
KWKW airs news and sports programming during the day. In morning drive, the station airs a three-hour newscast, {{lang|es|1330 Informa}} (1330 Reports). Local sports programming on KWKW includes Mi Raza...Tu Liga with Rafael Ramos Villagrana, Mario Amaya, and Armando Aguayo in early afternoons; the latter two also host SuperGol with Armando Aguayo, Troy Santiago and Mario Amaya in late afternoons.{{r|programación}} TUDN Radio programming airs on nights and weekends.{{r|KWKWTUDNSwitch}}
There are several non-sports specialty programs that air on KWKW, notably on Saturdays when the station airs eight hours of specialty programs under the banner Sábados Centroamericanos (Central American Saturdays).{{Cite web |title=Programación |trans-title=Programming |url=https://www.tuligaradio.com/programacion/ |access-date=May 22, 2023 |website=www.tuligaradio.com |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709225716/https://www.tuligaradio.com/programacion/ |url-status=live }} On weekdays, KWKW broadcasts a health program, Nutrición al Día (Nutrition Today), hosted by Dr. Neyda Carballo-Ricardo.{{Cite news|last=Lopez|first=Steve|date=July 15, 2018|title=The wrong hero for L.A. basketball|pages=B1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81134777/the-wrong-hero-for-la-basketball-p2/ B5]|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|location=Los Angeles, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81138741/the-wrong-hero-for-la-basketball/|access-date=July 9, 2021|via=Newspapers.com|archive-date=July 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710012626/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81138741/the-wrong-hero-for-la-basketball/|url-status=live}}
= Play-by-play =
KWKW is currently the flagship of a four-station Spanish-language network for the Los Angeles Lakers (NBA), with Jose "Pepe" Mantilla, Fernando González and Francisco Pinto as announcers; all games are broadcast live.{{Cite web|title=Lakers Broadcast Information|url=https://www.nba.com/lakers/broadcasters|access-date=July 11, 2021|website=Los Angeles Lakers|language=en|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711041947/https://www.nba.com/lakers/broadcasters|url-status=live}} The station is additionally the flagship of a multi-station Spanish-language network for the Los Angeles Rams (NFL) featuring play-by-play announcer Troy Santiago and color analyst Ricardo López.{{Cite web |date=February 1, 2019 |title=Ricardo López y Troy Santiago, la cara de Rams en español para el Super Bowl LIII |trans-title=Ricardo López and Troy Santiago, the face of the Rams in Spanish for Super Bowl LIII |url=https://www.24-horas.mx/2019/02/01/ricardo-lopez-y-troy-santiago-la-cara-de-rams-en-espanol-para-el-super-bowl-liii/ |access-date=July 11, 2021 |website=24 Horas |language=es-mx |archive-date=July 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711041948/https://www.24-horas.mx/2019/02/01/ricardo-lopez-y-troy-santiago-la-cara-de-rams-en-espanol-para-el-super-bowl-liii/ |url-status=live }} All games from the LA Galaxy (MLS) are broadcast exclusively on KWKW with play-by-play announcer Rolando 'Veloz' González, whose involvement with the team dates back to 1996.{{Cite web |last=El Reda |first=Jad |date=September 13, 2017 |title=Rolando 'Veloz' González, la voz del Galaxy, recuerda su llegada como inmigrante a Los Ángeles |trans-title=Rolando 'Veloz' González, the voice of the Galaxy, remembers his arrival to Los Angeles as an immigrant |url=https://www.hoylosangeles.com/deportes/futbol/hoyla-fut-la-voz-del-galaxy-rolando-veloz-gonzalez-recuerda-su-llegada-como-inmigrante-a-los-angeles-20170913-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 11, 2021 |website=Hoy LA |language=es-US |archive-date=July 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711041948/https://www.hoylosangeles.com/deportes/futbol/hoyla-fut-la-voz-del-galaxy-rolando-veloz-gonzalez-recuerda-su-llegada-como-inmigrante-a-los-angeles-20170913-story.html }}
KWKW also airs Spanish-language play-by-play of the following teams: the Los Angeles Angels (MLB){{r|switchup}} with announcer José Tolentino,{{Cite web|title=Angels Broadcasters|url=https://www.mlb.com/angels/team/broadcasters|access-date=July 11, 2021|website=MLB.com|language=en|archive-date=June 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605054814/http://losangeles.angels.mlb.com/team/broadcasters.jsp?c_id=ana|url-status=live}} the Los Angeles Clippers (NBA) with announcer Armando Garcia{{Cite web|title=Clippers Broadcasters - Spanish Radio|url=https://www.nba.com/clippers/clippers-broadcasters-spanish-radio|access-date=July 11, 2021|website=Los Angeles Clippers|language=en|archive-date=July 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711041949/https://www.nba.com/clippers/clippers-broadcasters-spanish-radio|url-status=live}} and the Los Angeles Kings (NHL) with announcer Francisco X. Rivera. Select coverage of Liga MX matches are broadcast on KWKW via TUDN Radio. Co-owned KFWB also carries select play-by-play from the aforementioned teams in the event of schedule conflicts.{{r|KWKWTUDNSwitch}}
FM translator
In 2017, KWKW began broadcasting on an FM translator, K264CQ ({{Frequency|100.7|FM}}), which has its transmitter mounted to one of KWKW's AM towers.{{Cite news |last=Irwin |first=Doug |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Know Your FM Translator Basics |work=Radio World |url=https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/know-your-fm-translator-basics |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111210634/https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/know-your-fm-translator-basics |url-status=live }}
{{RadioTranslators
| callsign = KWKW
| call1 = K264CQ
| freq1 = 100.7
| city1 = Los Angeles
| haat1 = 110
| watts1 = 60
| class1 = D
| fid1 = 141734
| coord1 = {{coord|34|01|10|N|118|20|45|W|type:landmark_region:US-CA}}
}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
{{Refbegin|}}
- {{Cite book |last=Borgeson |first=Griffith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUiFxwYK6qwC |title=Errett Lobban: His Empire, His Motor Cars |publisher=Automobile Heritage Publishing & Co |year=1984 |isbn=9780971146877 |location=New Albany, Indiana |ref=ELCordBook |access-date=January 13, 2020 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801032738/https://books.google.com/books?id=AUiFxwYK6qwC |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}
External links
- {{Official website|https://www.tuligaradio.com/}}{{AM station data|38454|KWKW}}
- {{Commons category-inline|KWKW}}
- {{Cite web|url= https://cdbs.recnet.com/corres/?doc=37804 |title= History Cards for KWKW|publisher=Federal Communications Commission}} (Guide to reading History Cards)
- {{FCC-LMS-Facility|141734|K264CQ}}
- {{FXL|K264CQ}}
- [https://mediacontactslist.com/dir/california/los-angeles/S1dLVyAxMzMwIEFN/KWKW%201330%20AM KWKW staff contact information]
{{Los Angeles Radio}}
{{Spanish Radio Stations in California}}
{{Sports Radio Stations in California}}
{{Lotus Communications}}
{{TUDN Radio}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Sports radio stations in the United States
Category:Hispanic and Latino American culture in Los Angeles
Category:1922 establishments in California