Kalaamaya language
{{Short description|Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Kalaamaya
| altname = Karlamay
| states = Australia
| region = Western Australia
| ethnicity = Kalamaia, Njakinjaki?
| extinct = ?
| familycolor = Australian
| fam1 = Pama–Nyungan
| fam2 = Nyungic
| fam3 = Kalamaya–Natingero
| iso3 = lkm
| glotto = kala1401
| glottorefname = Kalaamaya
| dia1 = Nyaki Nyaki?
| aiatsis = A4
| aiatsisname = Kalaamaya
| aiatsis2 = A1
| aiatsisname2 = Nyaki Nyaki
| date = 2021
| revived = 1 fluent L2; several partial
}}
Kalaamaya, also spelled Karlamay, is a Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia. It is poorly attested, but appears to be a close relative of Noongar.{{multiref2
|{{cite web |last=Bowern |first=Claire |date=2011-12-23 |url=http://anggarrgoon.wordpress.com/2011/12/23/how-many-languages-were-spoken-in-australia/ |title=How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia? |website=Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web}}
|{{cite web |title=Master List of Australian Languages, v1.2 |url=http://pamanyungan.sites.yale.edu/master-list-australian-languages-v12 |date=February 6, 2012 |last=Bowern |first=Claire |website=Historical and Pama-Nyungan Lab |publisher=Yale University}}}}
A variety called Nyaki Nyaki (Njakinjaki) has been variously said to be a dialect of Nyungar or of Kalaamaya.{{Cite web| url=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/a1| title =A1: Nyaki Nyaki / Njaki Njaki| website =AIATSIS Collection| date =26 July 2019}} Natingero has also been listed as a dialect, but it is only 40% lexically similar.
{{as of|2015}}, a single fluent speaker, Kaprun elder Brian Champion who learned the language as an adult, and several partial speakers remain.{{Cite news |last1=Papas|first1=Chloe|last2=March|first2=Kirstyn|date=7 July 2015|title=Preserving Kaprun language and culture in the Goldfields |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2015/07/07/4269116.htm|access-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710144716/http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2015/07/07/4269116.htm |archive-date=2015-07-10}}
Phonology
= Consonants =
class="IPA wikitable" style=text-align:center
! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Peripheral ! colspan="2" |Laminal ! colspan="2" |Apical |
Labial
! Velar ! Dental ! Palatal ! Alveolar |
---|
style="text-align: center;"
! Plosive | p | k | t̪ | c | t | ʈ |
style="text-align: center;"
! Nasal | m | ŋ | | ɲ | n | ɳ |
style="text-align: center;"
! Lateral | | | | ʎ | l | ɭ |
style="text-align: center;"
! Rhotic | | | | | r | |
style="text-align: center;"
| colspan="2" | w | | j | | ɻ |
- /c/ may also be heard as voiced [ɟ].{{Cite web |title=Kaalamaya :: Goldfields Aboriginal Language Centre |url=https://wangka.com.au/kaalamaya/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118044643/https://wangka.com.au/kaalamaya/ |archive-date=18 January 2021 |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=Goldbridge Aboriginal Language Center}}{{Cite book |last=O’Grady |first=Geoffrey N. |title=Languages of the World: Indo-Pacific Fascicle Six |last2=Voegelin |first2=C. F. |last3=F. M. |first3=Voegelin |publisher=Anthropological Linguistics 8, no. 2 |year=1966 |pages=135}}