Kalimantan

The name Kalimantan is derived from the Sanskrit word {{lang|sa-latn|Kalamanthana}}, which means "burning weather island" or "very hot island", referring to its hot and humid tropical climate. It consists of the two words {{lang|sa-latn|kal[a]}} ("time, season, period") and {{lang|sa-latn|manthan[a]}} ("boiling, churning, burning").{{cite web |title=Central Kalimantan Province |date=27 October 2012 |publisher=archipelago fastfact |url=http://archipelagofastfact.wordpress.com/category/borneokalimantan/|access-date=13 October 2014}}{{unreliable source|date=March 2025}}{{Better source needed|reason=source is outdated. blog-styled website with no post newer than 2012.|date=April 2025}} The native people of the Indonesian Borneo referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantan or "Kalimantan" when the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with them.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UOb9lAFNBPEC|title=Le Moniteur des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales|publisher=Belinfant Brothers|year=1847|location=The Hague, Netherlands|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UOb9lAFNBPEC/page/n190 164]|language=fr|trans-title=The Monitor of the East and West Indies|chapter=Notice historique du royaume Banjarmasin (Bornéo) par M. le Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant d'artillerie , aide-de-camp de S. Exc. le gouverneur-général des indes néerlandaises|trans-chapter=Historical record of the Banjarmasin Kingdom (Borneo) by Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant of artillery, aide-de-camp of His Excellency, the Governor General of the Dutch Indies}}{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B48EAAAAQAAJ&q=Pulu+K%27lemantan+&pg=PA21|title=Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap, der Kunsten en Wetenschappen|publisher=A. H. Hubbard|year=1814|volume=7|location=Batavia, Dutch East Indies|pages=21|trans-title=Treatises of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia|chapter=A Discourse Delivered at a Meeting of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia, on the Twenty-fourth day of April 1813, being the Anniversary of the Institution, by the Honorable Thomas Stamford Raffles, President.}} Due to Europeans encountering the Bruneian Sultanate in the north part of the island during the Age of Exploration, the entire island has come to be called Borneo in English, with Kalimantan being known as Indonesian Borneo, but this name is not used in Indonesia itself.

In the early twentieth century, the British colonist Charles Hose described Kalimantan as being home to a "Klemantan people", but this term is no longer in use as Kalimantan has always had many ethnic groups.

Image:Kalimantan2.png

The Indonesian territory makes up 73% of the island by area, and 72.1% of its 2020 population of 23,053,723 (the population was 13,772,543 at the 2010 Census of Indonesia, and 16,625,796 at the 2020 Census).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are of Brunei (460,345 in 2020{{Cite web|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SitePages/Population.aspx|title=Department of Economic Planning and Development – Population|website=www.depd.gov.bn|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-12}}) and East Malaysia (5,967,582 in 2020), the latter comprising the states of Sabah (3,418,785) and Sarawak (2,453,677), and the federal territory of Labuan (95,120).

Kalimantan's total area is {{convert|534698.27|km2|sqmi|0}}.{{cite web|publisher=Geohive.com |title=Indonesia General Info |url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/indonesia.aspx |access-date=2009-08-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015060224/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/indonesia.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-15 }}

The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.{{Cite web |title=Forensic Architecture |url=https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/ecocide-in-indonesia |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=forensic-architecture.org}}{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-08-04 |title=Explainer: What is ecocide? |url=https://www.eco-business.com/news/explainer-what-is-ecocide/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=Eco-Business |language=en}}{{Citation |last1=Aida |first1=Melly |title=Ecocide in the International Law: Integration Between Environmental Rights and International Crime and Its Implementation in Indonesia |date=2023 |work=Proceedings of the 3rd Universitas Lampung International Conference on Social Sciences (ULICoSS 2022) |volume=740 |pages=572–584 |editor-last=Perdana |editor-first=Ryzal |place=Paris |publisher=Atlantis Press SARL |language=en |doi=10.2991/978-2-38476-046-6_57 |isbn=978-2-38476-045-9 |last2=Tahar |first2=Abdul Muthalib |last3=Davey |first3=Orima |editor2-last=Putrawan |editor2-first=Gede Eka |editor3-last=Saputra |editor3-first=Bayu |editor4-last=Septiawan |editor4-first=Trio Yuda|doi-access=free }}

Kalimantan is now divided into five provinces. It was administered as one province between 1945 and 1956, but in 1956 it was split into three provinces – East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan; then in 1957, the province of Central Kalimantan was created when it was split away from the existing South Kalimantan. There remained four provinces until 25 October 2012, when North Kalimantan was split off from East Kalimantan. These are listed below with their areas in km² and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.

^{* excluding North Kalimantan, split off from East Kalimantan with resulting population and area loss for the 2015 census.}

{{Historical populations

|1971 | 5154774

|1980 | 6723086

|1990 | 9099874

|1995 | 10470843

|2000 | 11331558

|2005 | 12541554

|2010 | 14299813

|2015 | 15320017

|2020 | 16597227

|2023 | 17259155

|footnote=Sources: Statistics Indonesia{{cite web |url=http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php?kat%3D1%26tabel%3D1%26daftar%3D1%26id_subyek%3D12%26notab%3D1 |title=Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010|access-date=2013-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701144756/http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php?kat=1&tabel=1&daftar=1&id_subyek=12¬ab=1 |archive-date=2013-07-01 }}

}}

File:Map of Ethnic Groups on Kalimantan (Borneo Island).png

Number of the largest population of ethnic groups according to the 2010 census:

Number of the largest population of religious groups according to the 2010 census:

{{Pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Religion in Kalimantan (2023){{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs|date=31 December 2023|access-date=11 March 2024|language=id |title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan }}

|label1 = Islam

|value1 = 78.42

|color1 = DarkGreen

|label2 = Protestantism

|value2 = 9.3

|color2 = DarkBlue

|label3 = Roman Catholic

|value3 = 9.09

|color3 = Purple

|label5 = Hinduism

|value5 = 1.08

|color5 = DarkOrange

|label7 = Folk religion and others

|value7 = 0.06

|color7 = Black

|label4 = Buddhism

|value4 = 1.94

|color4 = Yellow

|label6 = Confucianism

|value6 = 0.10

|color6 = Red

}}

Number of the largest population of religious groups in 2023:

{{Portal|Indonesia|Islands}}

• List of rivers of Kalimantan
• Languages of Kalimantan

{{Reflist}}

• {{wikivoyage-inline|Kalimantan}}
• {{cite book |last1=MacKinnon |first1=Kathy |last2=Hatta |first2=Gusti |last3=Mangalik |first3=Arthur |last4=Halim |first4=Hakimah |title=The Ecology of Kalimantan |date=1996 |publisher=Periplus Editions |isbn=9780945971733 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70iB6Tf62OkC}}

{{Provinces of Indonesia}}

{{Borneo}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Borneo

Category:Islands of Indonesia

Category:Greater Sunda Islands

Category:Maritime Southeast Asia

Category:Populated places in Indonesia