Karlodinium

{{Short description|Genus of single-celled organisms}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Karlodinium veneficum.jpg

| image_caption = Karlodinium veneficum

| taxon = Karlodinium

| authority = J.Larsen

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

}}

Karlodinium is a genus of athecate dinoflagellates that lives worldwide.{{Cite journal |last1=Müller |first1=Marius N. |last2=Dorantes-Aranda |first2=Juan José |last3=Seger |first3=Andreas |last4=Botana |first4=Marina T. |last5=Brandini |first5=Frederico P. |last6=Hallegraeff |first6=Gustaaf M. |date=2019 |title=Ichthyotoxicity of the Dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum in Response to Changes in Seawater pH |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |volume=6 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2019.00082 |issn=2296-7745 |doi-access=free |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Ichthyotoxicity_of_the_dinoflagellate_Karlodinium_veneficum_in_response_to_changes_in_seawater_pH/22975856/1/files/40719320.pdf }} They are often toxin producing, and compared to the other members of the Kareniaceae, are fairly small at <8-15 μm diameter. They are also able to form intense algal blooms.{{cite journal | last1=Place | first1=Allen R. | last2=Bowers | first2=Holly A. | last3=Bachvaroff | first3=Tsetvan R. | last4=Adolf | first4=Jason E. | last5=Deeds | first5=Jonathan R. | last6=Sheng | first6=Jian | title=Karlodinium veneficum—The little dinoflagellate with a big bite | journal=Harmful Algae | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=14 | year=2012 | issn=1568-9883 | doi=10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.021 | pages=179–195}} This species relies of photosynthesis and phagotrphy to grow.{{Cite journal |last1=Place |first1=Allen R. |last2=Bowers |first2=Holly A. |last3=Bachvaroff |first3=Tsetvan R. |last4=Adolf |first4=Jason E. |last5=Deeds |first5=Jonathan R. |last6=Sheng |first6=Jian |date=2012-02-01 |title=Karlodinium veneficum—The little dinoflagellate with a big bite |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988311001491 |journal=Harmful Algae |series=Harmful Algae--The requirement for species-specific information |volume=14 |pages=179–195 |doi=10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.021 |issn=1568-9883|url-access=subscription }}

Species

  • Karlodinium antarcticum{{cite journal|last1=de Salas|first1=Miguel F.|last2=Laza-Martínez|first2=Aitor|last3=Hallegraeff|first3=Gustaaf M.|title=NOVEL UNARMORED DINOFLAGELLATES FROM THE TOXIGENIC FAMILY KARENIACEAE (GYMNODINIALES): FIVE NEW SPECIES OF KARLODINIUM AND ONE NEW TAKAYAMA FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SECTOR OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN1|journal=Journal of Phycology|volume=44|issue=1|year=2008|pages=241–257|issn=0022-3646|doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00458.x|pmid=27041059|bibcode=2008JPcgy..44..241D |s2cid=25477095 }}
  • Karlodinium armiger{{cite journal | last1=Bergholtz | first1=Trine | last2=Daugbjerg | first2=Niels | last3=Moestrup | first3=Ojvind | last4=Fernandez-Tejedor | first4=Margarita | title=ON THE IDENTITY OF KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM AND DESCRIPTION OF KARLODINIUM ARMIGER SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE), BASED ON LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, NUCLEAR-ENCODED LSU RDNA, AND PIGMENT COMPOSITION1 | journal=Journal of Phycology | publisher=Wiley | volume=42 | issue=1 | year=2006 | issn=0022-3646 | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00172.x | pages=170–193| bibcode=2006JPcgy..42..170B | s2cid=53620395 }}{{cite journal | last1=Garcés | first1=Esther | last2=Fernandez | first2=Margarita | last3=Penna | first3=Antonella | last4=Van Lenning | first4=Kees | last5=Gutierrez | first5=Andrés | last6=Camp | first6=Jordi | last7=Zapata | first7=Manuel | title=CHARACTERIZATION OF NW MEDITERRANEAN KARLODINIUM SPP. (DINOPHYCEAE) STRAINS USING MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGIES1 | journal=Journal of Phycology | publisher=Wiley | volume=42 | issue=5 | year=2006 | issn=0022-3646 | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00270.x | pages=1096–1112| bibcode=2006JPcgy..42.1096G | hdl=11576/1884792 | s2cid=84085728 | hdl-access=free }}
  • Karlodinium ballantinum
  • Karlodinium conicum
  • Karlodinium corrugatum
  • Karlodinium decipiens
  • Karlodinium veneficum{{Cite journal

| last1 = Fuentes-Grünewald | first1 = C.

| last2 = Garcés | first2 = E.

| last3 = Rossi | first3 = S.

| last4 = Camp | first4 = J.

| title = Use of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum as a sustainable source of biodiesel production

| journal = Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology

| volume = 36

| issue = 9

| pages = 1215–1224

| year = 2009

| pmid = 19536573

| doi = 10.1007/s10295-009-0602-3

| hdl = 10261/16953

| hdl-access = free

}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Alveolata}}

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Category:Dinoflagellate genera

Category:Gymnodiniales

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