Kashmiri transliteration

{{Short description|Representation of the Kashmiri language between different scripts}}

Kashmiri Transliteration refers to the conversion of the Kashmiri language between different scripts that is used to write the language in the Kashmir region of the Indo subcontinent.{{Cite web |title=Kashmiri alphabet, pronunciation and language |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kashmiri.htm |website=omniglot.com}} The official script to write Kashmiri is extended-Perso-Arabic script in both Jammu-Kashmir and Azad-Kashmir cutting across religious boundaries.{{Cite web |title=Braj B. Kachru: An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri |url=http://www.koshur.org/SpokenKashmiri/Introduction/index.html |website=www.koshur.org}} Some sections of the Kashmiri Hindu community use an extended-Devanagari script to write the language{{Cite news |date=8 June 2009 |title=Valley divide impacts Kashmiri,Pandit youth switch to Devnagari |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/valley-divide-impacts-kashmiri-pandit-youth/472872/}} (previously written using Sharada script{{Cite web |date=7 January 2010 |title=The Sharada Script: Origin and Development |url=http://www.koausa.org/Languages/Sharda.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107211343/http://www.koausa.org/Languages/Sharda.html |archive-date=2010-01-07}}). Transliteration is hence essential to cross this script-barrier imposed by religious affiliations and convert texts to cater all the Kashmiri people.

Since both Arabic and Indic scripts of Kashmiri are almost phonetic and preserve all vowels, it is feasible to design approximate rule-based systems that can transliterate between both the writing systems although the former is an impure abjad and the latter is an abugida.{{Cite journal |title=Building a Cross Script Kashmiri Converter: Issues and Solutions |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320547275 |journal=ResearchGate |language=en}} Note that one cannot directly use the Hindi-Urdu transliteration systems since there have been various reforms on top of those scripts to accommodate Kashmiri phonology over Hindustani phonology.{{Cite web |title=Kashmiri (deva) |url=https://r12a.github.io/scripts/devanagari/kashmiri |website=r12a.github.io |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204254/https://r12a.github.io/scripts/devanagari/kashmiri |url-status=dead }}

In addition to Kashmiri, there have been attempts to provide Indo-Pakistani transliteration systems for digraphic languages like Punjabi (written in Gurmukhi in East Punjab and Shahmukhi in West Punjab), Sindhi (written in extended Perso-Arabic in Sindh and in Devanagari by Sindhis in partitioned India) and Saraiki (written in an extended-Shahmukhi script in Saraikistan and unofficially in Sindhi-Devanagari script in India).{{Cite web |title=Perso-Arabic To Indic Script Transliteration |url=http://sangam.learnpunjabi.org/ |access-date=2021-04-07 |website=sangam.learnpunjabi.org}}{{Cite web |title=Saraiki - Devanagari Machine Transliteration System - SDMTS |url=http://www.sanlp.org/saraikiMT/index.html |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=www.sanlp.org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}