Kavadarci

In the Tikveš region around Kavadarci, many artefacts and structures have been discovered dating back to prehistoric times. Bronze and ceramic artefacts were discovered at an archaeological site in the nearby town of Stobi ({{langx|mk|Стоби}}) dating to the 6th and 7th century BC.

This town is said to have been established during the Hellenic period; being on the main road of Via Egnatia that led from the Danube to the Aegean Sea meant it became an important military, economic and cultural hub.

The establishment of a mint during the Roman period aided in its prosperity and achieving the status of municipium, denars and coins reading “Municipium Stobensium” were also produced in this area. Numerous buildings and monuments of this era such as a theatre have been discovered.

A Jewish community is said to have existed in Stobi during the 3rd century, however, its synagogue was torn down in the 4th century and a Christian basilica was built in its place.

In the late 5th and early 6th century, the town was devastated in the great Avaro-Slavonic invasions. Stobi which was previously the centre of this region was replaced by the new village of Dukena.

File:Kavadarci - early 20th century.jpg

Much change took place during the occupation of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century; the occupying Ottomans destroyed all existing villages replacing them with oriental architecture. Villagers from Rashtani and Dukena fleeing from the Ottomans settled in a new area, bringing with them many families that exist in Kavadarci today. From this settlement a new village emerged. During the 17th century this growing village attracted much attention and spurred a large migration of people from the surrounding hills and villages, establishing the new town called Kavadarci.

Kavadarci was under the jurisdiction of Bitola's area Pashaluk (Ottoman military territorial unit controlled by a Pasha). With the Turkish majority, many beys residences and several mosques were built throughout the town. By this time Kavadarci had been firmly established as the new centre of the Tikveš region. During the period of Bulgarian National Revival, a Bulgarian church municipality functioned in the town.Кирил патриарх Български. Българската екзархия в Одринско и Македония след Освободителната война 1877-1878. Том първи, книга първа, стр. 567.

After the forming of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committee by Dame Gruev in 1894 and the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising many revolutionary troops operated in the Tikveš area, working with the aim of autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions.

File:Monument - Tikveš Uprising.jpg

During this period Kavadarci flourished, becoming a large economic, administrative and political center in the Tikveš area.

In June 1913, the Tikveš Uprising[http://www.kavadar4e.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8405:99godiniodtikveskotovostanie&catid=65:tikvesija6&Itemid=80 Тиквешко востание]{{Cite web |url=http://dnevnik.com.mk/?ItemID=59AAD40A88318643917C7159FD2DAFA3 |title=ВО KАВАДАРЦИ ОДБЕЛЕЖАНИ 99 ГОДИНИ ОД ТИKВЕШKОTО ВОСТАНИЕ |access-date=2012-06-25 |archive-date=2022-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710151034/http://dnevnik.com.mk/?ItemID=59AAD40A88318643917C7159FD2DAFA3 |url-status=dead }} took place against the Serbian occupational forces. The resistance fighters freed the majority of the Tikveš region, including the towns of Kavadarci, Negotino, Vataša, and several small villages. Serbian military forces killed approximately 1,200 people and burnt more than 1,000 homes. Most of the Turks fled to Turkey. Recep Vardarlı moved to Turkey and founded Tikveşli ("Came from Tikveş" in Turkish) company, which produces yogurt and ayran, in 1943. The firm was sold to Danone in 1998.

From 1929 to 1941, Kavadarci was part of the Vardar Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. There was strong resistance against the Serbian occupation.

During the Second World War, after the defeat of Yugoslavia by Germany in April 1941 and before the entry of Bulgarian troops in Vardar Macedonia a local Bulgarian Action Committee was formed in Kavadarci.[http://macedonia.kroraina.com/dm2/dm_1_3.htm Минчев, Димитър. Българските акционни комитети в Македония — 1941, София 1995, с. 45-46.] The town was under Bulgarian rule until September 1944.

"Between 2011 and 2012, the number of cancer diagnoses in Kavadarci and the surrounding villages rose significantly, from 981 to 1,332. According to the local medical clinic, pediatric cancers are also on the rise." In 2012, "there were 17 children under the age of six diagnosed with cancer."{{cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=Lily |title="I Wouldn't Live There for All the Money in the World" |url=https://balkanist.net/i-woudnt-live-there-for-all-the-money-in-the-world/ |publisher=Balkanist Magazine |date=18 October 2013}}

The Municipality of Kavadarci spreads from the central region of Povardarie to the highlands of Vitačevo ({{langx|mk|Витачевo}}) and is located next to the Crna Reka (The Black River) ({{langx|mk|Црна Река}}) and the River Vardar ({{langx|mk|Вардар}}). Covering a large area in the Tikveš valley with a total ground surface of {{convert|391|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, it comprises 31 settlements, the largest of these being Vataša ({{langx|mk|Ваташа}}).

Two TV, two radio stations and one official web site operate in Kavadarci: They are KTV 41 and TVT, Radio Galaxy FM and Radio Kavadarci FM, and www.kavadar4e.com. All five are privately owned.

Since 2017, local elections were held on 15 October 2017, on 29 October 2017, and on 17 October 2021. Mitko Janchev won the elections and became the new Mayor of Kavadarci.

File:Vineyards near Kavadarci.jpg

Kavadarci's most famous export is wine, the city being home to the largest winery in south-eastern Europe. Vineyards in the region cover a total area of {{convert|120|km2|sqmi|0}}, producing up to 85,000 tons of grapes annually. The Tikveš winery is one of the oldest wineries in North Macedonia processing up to 55 million kilograms of grapes to produce approximately 35 million litres of wine each year. Of the 38,000 citizens, it is estimated that up to 85% are involved with the growing of grapes.

The tradition of wine making and grape growing in the Tikveš region date as far back as the 4th century BC. The industry thrived during medieval times with its production as was common at the time throughout Europe being made in monasteries.

The Tikveš region is in an area with a unique and favourable climate produced by the merging of the Mediterranean from the south and Continental from the north. Combined with arable soil, high with eroded clay content makes this a most favourable area to grow grapes.

The combined municipalities of Kavadarci and Rosoman use 20% of the North Macedonia’s total landmass ({{convert|5,142|km2|disp=or|abbr=on}}) for the cultivation of grapes. The country is the seventh largest exporter of wine to the EU from outside the region. Of the total harvested crop in Kavadarci, 80% are wine grapes and 20% are table grapes. The Tikveš winery processes up to 55 million km of grapes to produce approximately 35 million litres of wine each year. Although the largest and most prolific, Tikveš is by no means the only winery in the city: Others include Chekorovi ({{langx|mk|Чекоров}}) and Popov ({{langx|mk|Попов}}). The combined wineries in the region export up to 26 countries.

File:Tikves.jpg

Another important industry is the manufacture of ferronickel in what has become known as the "Nickel Valley". Until 2013, the smelter received at least part of its input ore from the {{ill|Ržanovo mine|mk|’Ржаново (рудник)}},{{cite news |last1=Dimitrievska |first1=Valentina |title=Macedonia's Feni Industry closes its Rzanovo ferronickel ore mine - media |url=https://seenews.com/news/macedonia-s-feni-industry-closes-its-rzanovo-ferronickel-ore-mine-media-328442 |publisher=SeeNews |date=16 January 2013}} to which it was connected by the world's longest conveyor belt.{{cite news |title=Dynamic Nickel Producer Illustrates Potential of Heavy Industry |url=https://the-european-times.com/feni-industries/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |publisher=The European Times}} The company FENI Industries, with a colourful history of owners that included for a time Beny Steinmetz, Alexander Mashkevich, Patokh Chodiev and Alijan Ibragimov in the Cunico Resources vehicle,{{cite news |last1=VAN CALSTER |first1=GEERT |title=Cunico v Daskalakis. Lugano Convention, employment and choice of court. |url=https://gavclaw.com/2019/01/22/cunico-v-daskalakis-lugano-convention-employment-and-choice-of-court/ |publisher=GAVC LAW |date=22 January 2019}} produced between 12000 and 16000 tons of ferronickel annually.{{cn|date=May 2021}} The smelter was shut down for a time in around 2018 and re-emerged from a court-administered insolvency process as EuroNickel Industries.{{cite news |last1=Moggridge |first1=Matthew |title=Euronickel Industries completes $100 Million investment and second furnace restart |url=https://www.steeltimesint.com/news/euronickel-industries-completes-100-million-investment-and-second-furnace-r |publisher=Steel Times International |date=2 December 2019}}

In a bid to attract more interest from domestic and foreign investors in 2000 the first Free Economic Zone (FEZ) of North Macedonia was founded in Kavadarci. German company DRÄXLMAIER Group was the first investor in the FEZ (Free Economic Zone) with the opening of their first plant in 2012. The plant manufactures electrical system sets for the automotive industry. The factory is the largest employer in the city, with the current employee count reaching above 5000 employees. {{cn|date=March 2021}}

Kavadarci is known for its timber and tobacco production. Alliance One Macedonia, one of the largest tobacco processing companies in North Macedonia is located in Kavadarci, producing and exporting Macedonian Oriental tobacco to the United States, Japan, and selected EU and Asian countries.

File:Parade participants.jpg

In the first week of September of each year a festival called "Tikveški Grozdober" (Тиквешки гроздобер, lit. Tikveš grape picking) is held for several days marking the beginning of the wine grape harvest in the Tikveš region and commemorating the liberation of Kavadarci. Such is the importance of this fruit, the city flag is composed of six circles in white and red representing the town's most abundant and important produce.

Tikveški Grozdober officially began in 1964. It takes place over several days and is one of the largest cultural manifestations of its kind in the region.

The festival includes folk, pop and rock concerts, traditional dancing, seminars, presentations and exhibitions. During this time the city centre houses many temporary restaurants, stalls and shops open to allow visitors to experience the smells and tastes of local delicacies. It culminates in a carnival procession through the main streets of the town.

File:Tikveš lake.jpg

Lake Tikveš ({{langx|mk|Тиквешко Езеро}}) is the largest artificial lake in North Macedonia. It is located {{convert|165|m|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level, {{convert|8|km|abbr=off}} southwest of Kavadarci on the Crna Reka, and {{convert|3|km|abbr=off}} from the village of Vozarci. The lake was built in 1968 by redirecting river water and building a {{convert|104|m|adj=on|abbr=off}} high dam. It has a surface area of approximately {{convert|14|km2|sqmi|abbr=off}}, a length of {{convert|28.5|km|mi|1|abbr=off}} and width of {{convert|500|m|abbr=off}}. The average temperature of the water is {{convert|24|°C}}, the maximum depth is {{convert|150|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, and the total volume is approximately {{convert|475|m3|lk=on|abbr=off}}. Its two main sources of water are the Crna Reka and the Dragov River.

The artificial accumulation is provides water to the local area for businesses such as irrigation and fisheries. It generates electricity through the use of a hydro power plant (HPP), is a site for sports and recreation, and is a popular tourist attraction due to the cultural monuments and rich flora and fauna of the area.

The area around Lake Tikveš has been designated a protected zone; this was established and supported as a conservation project for the protection of the wildlife and surrounding environment by a local environmental association ODEK and a public enterprise Tikveško Pole.

Established in 1997, the Tikveš Strict Natural Reserve is {{convert|30|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} southeast of Kavadarci and covers an area of approximately {{convert|100|km2|sqmi|-1}}. Some 23 species of predatory birds are present in the reserve and of these 17 nest in this area. It is said to be one of the most important ornithological sites in Europe.

The Pološki Monastery was built in the 14th century by a father and a son from Prespa ({{langx|mk|Преспа}}), well known for building monasteries and churches across Macedonia. The pair set to work with the son building a church in Drenovo ({{langx|mk|Дреново}}) and the father the Pološki Monastery ({{langx|mk|Полошки Манастир}}). After the father had completed construction of the Pološki Monastery he returned to Drenovo.

File:The ossuary monument in Kavadarci.jpg

File:Pološki Monastery.jpg

The vanity and arrogance of the son made him claim that the church he built was so beautiful and so well made that even if Saint Ilija came down from the heavens he would not be able to destroy it. At that moment a lightning bolt appeared out of the blue sky: Saint Ilija angered by this claim split the new church in half. It is said that if the break is repaired, each year on the day of Ilinden ({{langx|mk|Илинден}}), August 2 (St. Elijah's Day) the church will split in the exactly same place.

The church within the Pološki Monastery is dedicated to Sveti Gorgija (Saint George) and is on the southwestern shore of Lake Tikveš that is accessible only by boat. Its fresco paintings are completely preserved and can be dated to the 14th century; the only exception being those in the narthex that was built during the 17th century. The most recent and last restoration to the building took place during the 19th century. The monastery is well known for its collections of unique icons, wood carvings and especially for its fresco art that differ from others of the same period due to its unusual compositions.

Marko's Tower is a stone edifice located in the centre of Kavadarci; it was erected during the 18th century. The square structure stands at approximately {{convert|20|m|abbr=off}} with five stories. Its walls are {{convert|10|m|spell=in|abbr=off}} thick, with three windows on the fourth and fifth floor. The only entrance is by the door on the second floor, accessible via a stone staircase. On the south wall of the fourth floor remains an opening that was used for defence; the opening on the fifth floor was to dispose of dirty water.

The Ivan Mazov-Klime House of Culture was founded in 1952 and formed an ensemble in 1953. The Tikveš Folk Ensemble is composed of 115 members and performs choreographed folk songs and dances throughout the country and abroad.

Built in 1973 and opened to the public in 1976, the City Museum houses many historical, archaeological and cultural exhibits. The gallery showcases work from local and international artists, organising five to eight exhibitions each year.

Kavadarci is the home of several sports teams. The best known are:

• a professional football club named GFK Tikveš
• a basketball team formerly known as KK Feni Industries, since 2019 known as KK EuroNickel 2005
• a handball club named GRK Tikveš

GFK Tikveš play their home matches at Gradski Stadion Kavadarci, while KK Euronickel and GRK Tikveš use the multi-purpose indoor Jasmin Sports Hall.

Kavadarci has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa).

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Kavadarci

| Jan high C = 4.8

| Feb high C = 8.2

| Mar high C =13.1

| Apr high C =17.8

| May high C =22.9

| Jun high C =27.7

| Jul high C =30.3

| Aug high C =30.0

| Sep high C =26.4

| Oct high C =19.6

| Nov high C =12.2

| Dec high C = 6.1

| Jan mean C = 1.5

| Feb mean C = 3.9

| Mar mean C = 7.9

| Apr mean C =12.0

| May mean C =16.8

| Jun mean C =20.8

| Jul mean C =23.1

| Aug mean C =22.6

| Sep mean C =19.5

| Oct mean C =13.9

| Nov mean C = 7.7

| Dec mean C = 2.7

| Jan low C =-1.9

| Feb low C =-0.8

| Mar low C = 2.7

| Apr low C = 6.3

| May low C =10.7

| Jun low C =14.0

| Jul low C =15.7

| Aug low C =15.3

| Sep low C =12.1

| Oct low C = 8.2

| Nov low C = 3.2

| Dec low C =-0.7

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm =34

| Feb precipitation mm =33

| Mar precipitation mm =36

| Apr precipitation mm =39

| May precipitation mm =57

| Jun precipitation mm =43

| Jul precipitation mm =33

| Aug precipitation mm =29

| Sep precipitation mm =33

| Oct precipitation mm =45

| Nov precipitation mm =55

| Dec precipitation mm =43

|source = Climate-Data.org {{cite web

| url = https://en.climate-data.org/europe/macedonia/kavadarci/kavadarci-34702/

| title = Climate: Kavadarci

| publisher = Climate-Data.org

| access-date = January 22, 2019}}

}}

{{Further information|Category:People from Kavadarci}}

Notable people from Kavadarci include:

• Andon Dončevski, former football coach
• Petar Angelov, handball player
• Stojan Andov, politician
• Strašo Pindžur, communist revolutionary
• Todor Gečevski, basketball player
• Vanče Šikov, footballer
• Vrbica Stefanov, former basketball player
• Zafir Hadžimanov, singer and composer
• Petar Mazev, academic painter
• Tome Hadzi-Vasilev, footballer, ex director of FK Tikves

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in North Macedonia}}

Kavadarci is twinned with:{{cite web|title=Предлог програми за 2018 година: Програма за меѓународна соработка на општина Кавадарци за 2018 година|url=https://kavadarci.gov.mk/za-kavadartsi/programi-na-opshtina-kavadartsi/|website=kavadarci.gov.mk|publisher=Kavadarci|pages=3–6|language=mk|date=2017|accessdate=2021-04-02|archive-date=2021-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411212932/http://kavadarci.gov.mk/za-kavadartsi/programi-na-opshtina-kavadartsi/|url-status=dead}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|SRB}} Boljevac, Serbia
• {{flagicon|UKR}} Bucha, Ukraine{{Cite web |title=Міста-побратими {{!}} Офіційний сайт Бучанської міської ради |url=https://bucha-rada.gov.ua/sister-city |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=bucha-rada.gov.ua |language=uk}}
• {{flagicon|BUL}} Dobrich, Bulgaria
• {{flagicon|SRB}} Gornji Milanovac, Serbia
• {{flagicon|TUR}} Kemalpaşa, Turkey
• {{flagicon|SRB}} Kovin, Serbia
• {{flagicon|CRO}} Makarska, Croatia
• {{flagicon|ROU}} Năsăud, Romania
• {{flagicon|BUL}} Panagyurishte, Bulgaria
• {{flagicon|BUL}} Pernik, Bulgaria
• {{flagicon|BUL}} Pleven, Bulgaria
• {{flagicon|MNE}} Rožaje, Montenegro

{{div col end}}

• Allchar deposit

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.kavadarci.gov.mk/?jazik=2&id=01 Official Municipality of Kavadarci website]
• [http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=272 Macedonian Cultural & Information Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119195147/http://www.macedonia.co.uk/client/index1.aspx?page=272 |date=2012-01-19 }}
• [http://www.tikves.com.mk/ Official Tikveš Winery Website]

{{Kavadarci Municipality}}

{{Towns in North Macedonia}}

{{commons category|Kavadarci}}

Category:Cities in North Macedonia

Category:Nickel smelters

Category:Smelters of Yugoslavia

Category:Smelters of North Macedonia

Category:Metallurgical industry of North Macedonia