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Kemberano language

{{short description|Papuan language}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Kemberano

|altname=Weriagar, Barau

|states=West Papua, Indonesia

|region=Bird's Head Peninsula

|speakers=2,500 including Dombano (possibly double counting)

|date=1987

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Papuan

|fam1=Trans–New Guinea?

|fam2=Berau Gulf

|fam3=South Bird's Head

|fam4=Nuclear/East

|fam5=Kokoda–Arandai

|fam6=Arandai

|iso3=bzp

|glotto=kemb1235

|glottorefname=Kemberano

|coordinates = {{coords|-2.24|132.99|region:ID|display=inline}}

|pushpin_map = Indonesia West Papua#Indonesia_Western New Guinea#Indonesia

}}

Kemberano is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia.{{cite book |last1=Holton |first1=Gary |last2=Klamer |first2=Marian |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird’s Head |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=569–640 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Dental/
Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

rowspan="2" |Plosive/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPA|p}}

|{{IPA|t̪}}

|

|{{IPA|k}}

prenasal/vd.

|{{IPA|ᵐb ~ b}}

|{{IPA|ⁿ̪d̪ ~ d̪}}

|{{IPA|dʑ}}

|{{IPA|ᵑɡ ~ ɡ}}

colspan="2" |Fricative

|{{IPA|β}}

|{{IPA|ð}}

|

|{{IPA|ɣ}}

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA|m}}

|{{IPA|n}}

|

|

colspan="2" |Flap

|

|{{IPA|ɾ}}

|

|

colspan="2" |Glide

|{{IPA|(w)}}

|

|{{IPA|(j)}}

|

Prenasal sounds {{IPA|/ᵐb, ⁿ̪d̪, ᵑɡ/}} are mostly heard as prenasal in word-initial position and as voiced stops {{IPA|[b, d̪, ɡ]}} elsewhere.

  • {{IPA|/ᵑɡ ~ ɡ/}} can be heard as {{IPA|[ŋ] when the next consonant in a word is {{IPA|/ᵑɡ ~ ɡ/}} or {{IPA|/n/}}.
  • Stop sounds {{IPA|/p, k/}} can also be heard as affricated sounds {{IPA|[pᶠ, kˣ]}} in free variation.
  • Fricatives {{IPA|/β, ð, ɣ/}} can also be heard as unarticulated voiced stops {{IPA|[b̚, d̪̚, ɡ̚]}} when in word-final position.
  • Glides {{IPA|[w, j]}} occur as a result of vowels {{IPA|/i, u/}} when preceding other vowels, or when in intervocalic positions.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Vowels

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

High

|{{IPA|i}}

|{{IPA|u}}

Mid

|{{IPA|e}}

|{{IPA|(ə)}}

|{{IPA|o}}

Low

|

|{{IPA|a}}

|

The five vowels {{IPA|/i, e, a, o, u/} can be heard as {{IPA|[ɪ, ɛ, ɑ, ɔ, ʊ]}} in unstressed positions. All of them may also be heard as a mid central {{IPA|[ə]}} in free variation in unstressed positions.

  • {{IPA|/a/}} can be heard as {{IPA|[æ]}} when within the vicinity of {{IPA|/i/}}.
  • {{IPA|/i/}} can be heard as {{IPA|[y]}} when within the vicinity of {{IPA|/u/}}.{{Cite book |last=Voorhoeve |first=C. L. |title=Some Notes on the Arandai Language |year=1985 |location=Irian XIII |pages=3-40}}

Morphology

Kemberano nouns are required to have the following concord suffixes:{{cite book |last1=Holton |first1=Gary |last2=Klamer |first2=Marian |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird’s Head |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=569–640 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}

  • –i (masculine nouns)
  • –o (feminine nouns)

Examples (from Berry and Berry 1987: 86):

{{interlinear|indent=3

|pogi enat-i

|pig one-M

|‘one pig’}}

{{interlinear|indent=3

|uroko enat-o

|stone one-F

|‘one stone’}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{South Bird's Head languages}}

Category:Nuclear South Bird's Head languages

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