Kikori River
{{Short description|River in Papua New Guinea}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Kikori
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| pushpin_map = Papua New Guinea
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| length = {{cvt|445|km|mi|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=109&catid=277&Itemid=179|title=Papua New Guinea|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}
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| discharge1_location=Kikori Delta
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| discharge1_avg = {{cvt|2,000|m3/s|abbr=on}}{{cite book|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JF000628|title=Anatomy and growth of a Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua|last1=Rudy|first1=Slingerland|last2=Neal W.|first2=Driscoll|last3=John D.|first3=Milliman|last4=Scott R.|first4=Miller|last5=Elizabeth A.|first5=Johnstone|year=2008}}
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| source1 = Southern Highlands
| source1_location = Confluence of Hegigio and Mubi
| source1_coordinates= {{Coord|6|47|33|S|143|36|55|E|type:river_region:PG|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|52|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = Gulf of Papua
| mouth_location = Kikori Delta, Papua New Guinea
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|43|00|S|144|16|46|E|region:PG|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation={{cvt|0|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| progression = Gulf of Papua
| river_system = Kikori River
| basin_size = {{cvt|18,863.3|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=109&catid=277&Itemid=179|title=Papua New Guinea|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}
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| tributaries_left = Mubi, Iehi Creek, Ihu, Kahuki Creek, Sirebi
| tributaries_right = Hegigio, Keivi Creek, Pinini Creek, Howoi Creek, Utitu Creek
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The Kikori River is a major river in southern Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea. The river has a total length of {{convert|445|km|mi|abbr=on}} and flows southeast into the Gulf of Papua, with its delta at the head of the gulf. The settlement of Kikori lies on the delta.*Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1997. {{ISBN|0-87779-546-0}} p. 592.
Course
The headwaters of the Kikori, the Hegigio and the Tagari, originate in the south-eastern part of the Muller plateau. The Hegigio descends through a wild gorge into the Papua Plain. From the mouth of the Mubi River, it is known as the Kikori and flows into the Gulf of Papua, with a large marshy delta.{{cite book|url=https://bookline.ro/product/home.action?_v=Balazs_Denes_Ausztralia_Oceania_Antar&type=20&id=398323|title=Ausztrália, Óceánia, Antarktisz|last1=Balázs|first1=Dénes|year=1978}}{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Löffler|year=1977}}
Geography and hydrology
The catchment area extends from alpine grasslands of the Southern Highlands to mangrove wetlands of the mouth at Gulf of Papua. The Kikori arises at the confluence of the Hegigio with the Mubi River or Digimu River, into which Lake Kutubu drained. The average rainfall in the Kikori catchment is {{convert|5,900|mm|in|-1|disp=or}}.
The city of the same name is located on the right bank just before its confluence with the delta.
The Kikori catchment area is very rain-fed (2,500–5,500 mm – up to 7,000 mm in places in the south) and is classified as type Af according to the Köppen climate classification. The mountainous areas of the catchment cover large areas of karst. It is characterised by high biodiversity and sparsely populated areas. Average annual sediment load is 50 million tonnes.{{cite book|url=https://bookline.ro/product/home.action?_v=Balazs_Denes_Ausztralia_Oceania_Antar&type=20&id=398323|title=Ausztrália, Óceánia, Antarktisz|last1=Balázs|first1=Dénes|year=1978}}{{cite book|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114888/2/b12297859.pdf|title=Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea|last=Ernst|first=Löffler|year=1977}}{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers16-05/010024795.pdf|last1=Joël|first1=Danloux|title=OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA|year=1997}}
Tributaries
The largest tributaries of the Kikori:{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/MAPS/SOUTH%20ASIA/PAPUA_COAST/index.html|title=Papua New Guinea Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Left tributary ! Right tributary ! Length (km) ! Basin size (km2) ! Average discharge (m3/s) |
| colspan="2" |Kikori
|445 |18,863.3 |2,000 |
| colspan="5" | |
| |Utitu Creek (Ituti C.)
| |147.7 |14.8 |
| Sirebi
| | |1,573.5 |143.5 |
| |Howoi Creek
| |177.6 |18.3 |
| Kahuki Creek
| | |140.4 |14 |
| |Pinini Creek
| |293.3 |29.5 |
| Ihu (Ario Creek)
| rowspan="2" | | |502.6 |47.9 |
| Iehi Creek
| |541.7 |66.3 |
| rowspan="2" |
|Keivi Creek | |290.6 |36.9 |
| Hegigio
| |7,002.2 |812.1 |
| Mubi
| | |4,591.2 |472.1 |
Discharge
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year, period ! Average discharge ! Ref. |
| colspan="3" |Kikori Delta
{{coord|7|41|33.1296|S|144|29|26.9304|E}} |
| 1986
|{{cvt|2,000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
| 1977
|{{cvt|1,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
| |{{cvt|3,274|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
| colspan="3" |Kaiam
{{coord|7|5|48.8724|S|143|59|39.5772|E}} |
| 1971–2000
|{{cvt|1,059.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
| |{{cvt|1,508|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
| |{{cvt|2,531|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}* |
*Minimum discharge: {{cvt|670|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}; Maximum discharge: {{cvt|4,414|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}};
Economy
The Kikori river basin is home to large oil and gas fields that have been mined since the 1990s. A pipeline for oil and gas transport ( Papua New Guinea LNG Project) runs in the Kikori River system from Lake Kutubu over to Papua Gulf.
Biodiversity
The Kikori river system is known for its biodiversity. Mount Bosavi, which is well known in this respect, lies on the western edge of the Kikori river basin. The catchment area of the Kikori includes more than 100 species of fish, of which 14 percent are endemic; along with the western, and much longer Fly River, it is the most species-rich river in New Guinea. However, most of the endemic fish do not live in the rivers, but in Lake Kutubu. Furthermore, in the Kikori Basin there are three species of cherax, an endemic blind cavern Oxyeleotris caeca and six species of freshwater turtles.Richards, S.J. (Editor) [https://pnglng.com/media/PNG-LNG-Media/Files/Environment/Rapid-biological-assessments-of-Wau-Creek,-Uro-Creek-and-Lake-Kutubu_FINAL.pdf Rapid biological assessments of Wau Creek, Uro Creek and Lake Kutubu: documenting biodiversity values to promote forest conservation in the Kikori River basin, Papua New Guinea.] ExxonMobil PNG Limited. Port Moresby. 2018 {{ISBN|978-0-6484933-1-0}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060330040430/http://worldwildlife.org/expeditions/newguinea/notes_kikori1.cfm Kikori- More than just a river]
{{Rivers of PNG}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Rivers of Papua New Guinea
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