Kim Chwajin
{{Short description|Korean anarchist (1889–1930)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{family name hatnote|Kim||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1889|11|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Hongseong County, Chungcheong Province, Korea
(now Hongseong County, South Korea)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1930|01|24|1889|11|24|df=y}}
| death_place = Shanshi town, Ning'an, Jilin Province, China
(now Hailin, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China)
| name = Kim Chwajin
김좌진
金佐鎭
| honorific_prefix = The Much Honoured
| image = KimJwaJin.gif
| spouse = * Oh Suk-geun
- Kim Gye-wol
- Na Hye-guk
- Kim Yeong-seok
| children = Kim Du-han
| mother = Yi Sang-hee
| father = Kim Hyeong-gyu
| relatives = Kim Eul-dong (granddaughter)
Song Il-gook (great grandson)
Kim Ok-gyun (distant relative)
| family = Andong Kim clan
| module = {{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=김좌진
|hanja=金佐鎭
|rr=Gim Jwajin
|mr=Kim Chwajin
|hangulho=백야
|hanjaho=白冶
|rrho=Baegya
|mrho=Paegya
| child = yes}}
}}
Kim Chwajin{{Efn|Name also romanized "Kim Jwa-jin" or "Kim Chwa-chin"}} ({{Korean|hangul=김좌진|hanja=金佐鎭}}; 24 November 1889 – 24 January 1930), sometimes called by his art name Baegya, was a Korean general, independence activist, and anarchist who played an important role in the early attempts at development of anarchism in Korea.
Biography
When Kim was 18, he released 50 families of slaves when he publicly burned the slave registry and provided each family with enough land to live on. This was the first emancipation of slaves in modern Korea.{{Cite web|date=26 December 2015|title=Kim Jwa-jin|url=http://english.hongseong.go.kr/eng/sub01_05_04.do|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226035222/http://english.hongseong.go.kr/eng/sub01_05_04.do|archive-date=26 December 2015|access-date=5 November 2019}}
He joined the Korea Justice Corps, which focused on Senol, took military responsibility, reorganized the definition group into the military department, and was recommended as the commander. In 1919, he, on the recommendation of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, took up the position of general commander of the Northern Military Administration Office Army (Bungnogunjeongseo in Korean).{{Cite journal|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/92528977.pdf |title=The Influence of the Daejyonggyo on the Establishment of the Northern Military Administration Office Army (Bungnogunjeongseo)|last=Sassa|first=Mitsuaki|publisher=Ritsumeikan University|year=2017 |journal=Ritsumeikan Journal of International Relations and Area Studies }}
In 1928, the Korea Independence Party was formed, and in 1929, when the Korean General Association was established as the successor of the new people, Chwajin was designated as the President. During this process, conflicts between the nationalist and communist independence activists intensified. On 24 January 1930, Kim Jwa-jin was assassinated by Park Sang-sil, a Korean agent incited by the Japanese Colonial Government.{{Cite news|url=https://www.hongseong.go.kr/eng/sub01_0504.do|script-title=ko:김좌진|access-date=16 June 2018|language=ko|archive-date=12 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812043354/https://www.hongseong.go.kr/eng/sub01_0504.do|url-status=live}}
Legacy
After the assassination of Kim Chwajin, the anarchist movement in Manchukuo and Korea became subject to massive repression. Japan sent armies to attack Shinmin from the south, while pro-Kuomintang forces attacked from the north. By the summer of 1931, Shinmin's most prominent anarchists were dead, and the war on two fronts was becoming untenable.{{Cite book|url=https://anarchyinaction.org/index.php?title=Cartography_of_Revolutionary_Anarchism|title=Cartography of revolutionary anarchism|last=Schmidt, Michael, 1957-|date=2013|publisher=AK Press|isbn=9781849351393|oclc=854520648|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302193800/https://anarchyinaction.org/index.php?title=Cartography_of_Revolutionary_Anarchism|url-status=live}} The anarchists went underground and anarchist Shinmin was no more.
As a leader of the Korean independence movement, Kim is remembered in both North and South Korea. In 1991, the town of Hongseong restored his birthplace. A festival is now held in his honor every October.{{Cite web|url=http://english.hongseong.go.kr/eng/sub04_03_05.do|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220956/http://english.hongseong.go.kr/eng/sub04_03_05.do|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2016|title=General Kim Jwa-jin's Victory Memorial Festival|date=3 March 2016|access-date=5 November 2019}}
See also
- Korean independence movement
- Rustic Period, 2002 television series about the Korean independence movement
Notes and references
= Notes =
{{Notelist}}
= References =
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|title=History of the Korean anarchist movement|author=Ha Ki-rak|author-link=Ha Ki-Rak|publisher=Anarchist Publishing Committee|location=Taegu|year=1986|oclc=937149346}}
- {{cite encyclopedia|title=Kim Joa-jin (1889–1930)|first=O. H.|last=Jang-Whan|year=2009|editor-first=Immanuel|editor-last=Ness|encyclopedia=The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest|page=1 |isbn=9781405198073|doi=10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0854}}
{{refend}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20151226035222/http://english.hongseong.go.kr/eng/sub01_05_04.do Profile by the Hongseong County government]
- {{in lang|ko}} [http://www.kimjwajin.org/ Kim Jwa-jin Memorial League]
- {{in lang|ko}} [http://www.koreandb.net/General/person/p171_02698.htm KoreanDB profile]
{{Portal bar|Biography|Anarchism}}
{{General's Son}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kim, Chwajin}}
Category:People imprisoned on terrorism charges
Category:Korean resistance members
Category:Assassinated anarchists
Category:People from Hongseong County
Category:Imperial Korean Army Cadets
Category:Members of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea