Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast

File:Курган, троицкая улица, 1-ая часть.jpg

An urban settlement was established here between 1659 and 1662 as Tsaryovo Gorodishche ({{lang|ru|Царёво Городи́ще}}, meaning Imperial Citadel) by Timofey Nevezhin, a farmer from Tyumen.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} In the ensuing years it was developed as a fortress town. It served as a frontier post and its fortified position enabled it to defend other Russian settlements from nomad attacks. Nevertheless, it was itself not always able to withstand such attacks, and was sometimes plundered and burnt down.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

The city was granted city privileges by the Empress Catherine the Great in 1782, which is when it acquired its present name and became the seat of an uyezd.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} The present name is taken from a large kurgan (burial mound) close to the original settlement.

Its coat of arms was granted on 17 March 1785, and it became the administrative center of Kurgan Oblast in 1943.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Kurgan was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1982.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Kurgan is the administrative center of the oblast.Law #316 Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Kurgan Urban Okrug.Law #419

Kurgan stands on the Trans-Siberian Railway line, between Yekaterinburg and Omsk. It is served by two railway stations and the Kurgan Airport, and it was home to the Kurgan West air base during the Cold War. It is also home to Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics, KAvZ autobus plant, and the machine building company Kurganmashzavod which produces the widely known BMP-1, BMP-2 and BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicles.

Kurgan has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Influenced by the Siberian High, it is a relatively dry climate. Winters are cold, although not severe by Siberian standards. Summers are variable but relatively moderate, even though heat waves can bring temperatures well above the {{convert|26|C|F}} average July highs.

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Kurgan (1991–2020, extremes 1893–present)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 4.3

|Feb record high C = 8.0

|Mar record high C = 17.3

|Apr record high C = 31.3

|May record high C = 36.6

|Jun record high C = 38.5

|Jul record high C = 41.2

|Aug record high C = 38.5

|Sep record high C = 35.8

|Oct record high C = 24.6

|Nov record high C = 14.2

|Dec record high C = 5.8

|year record high C =

|Jan high C = −11.4

|Feb high C = −8.9

|Mar high C = -0.7

|Apr high C = 11.1

|May high C = 20.2

|Jun high C = 24.5

|Jul high C = 25.8

|Aug high C = 23.6

|Sep high C = 17.1

|Oct high C = 8.8

|Nov high C = -2.5

|Dec high C = -9.2

|year high C = 8.2

|Jan mean C = -15.5

|Feb mean C = -13.8

|Mar mean C = -5.7

|Apr mean C = 5.1

|May mean C = 13.4

|Jun mean C = 18.2

|Jul mean C = 19.7

|Aug mean C = 17.4

|Sep mean C = 11.1

|Oct mean C = 4.1

|Nov mean C = -6.0

|Dec mean C = -12.9

|year mean C = 2.9

|Jan low C = −19.4

|Feb low C = −18.3

|Mar low C = −10.2

|Apr low C = 0.0

|May low C = 6.8

|Jun low C = 11.9

|Jul low C = 13.7

|Aug low C = 11.9

|Sep low C = 6.2

|Oct low C = 0.2

|Nov low C = −9.3

|Dec low C = −16.6

|year low C = -1.9

|Jan record low C = −47.9

|Feb record low C = −47.9

|Mar record low C = −44.3

|Apr record low C = −27.2

|May record low C = −10.5

|Jun record low C = -3.5

|Jul record low C = 2.8

|Aug record low C = -1.6

|Sep record low C = −7.7

|Oct record low C = −24.8

|Nov record low C = −38.8

|Dec record low C = −46.4

|year record low C = −47.9

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 18

|Feb precipitation mm = 14

|Mar precipitation mm = 18

|Apr precipitation mm = 22

|May precipitation mm = 38

|Jun precipitation mm = 51

|Jul precipitation mm = 61

|Aug precipitation mm = 52

|Sep precipitation mm = 34

|Oct precipitation mm = 34

|Nov precipitation mm = 28

|Dec precipitation mm = 21

|year precipitation mm = 391

|Jan snow depth cm = 24

|Feb snow depth cm = 30

|Mar snow depth cm = 26

|Apr snow depth cm = 4

|May snow depth cm = 0

|Jun snow depth cm = 0

|Jul snow depth cm = 0

|Aug snow depth cm = 0

|Sep snow depth cm = 0

|Oct snow depth cm = 1

|Nov snow depth cm = 6

|Dec snow depth cm = 18

|year snow depth cm = 30

|Jan humidity = 82

|Feb humidity = 80

|Mar humidity = 78

|Apr humidity = 66

|May humidity = 59

|Jun humidity = 63

|Jul humidity = 69

|Aug humidity = 72

|Sep humidity = 74

|Oct humidity = 77

|Nov humidity = 81

|Dec humidity = 81

|year humidity = 74

|Jan rain days = 1

|Feb rain days = 1

|Mar rain days = 4

|Apr rain days = 10

|May rain days = 16

|Jun rain days = 16

|Jul rain days = 15

|Aug rain days = 17

|Sep rain days = 18

|Oct rain days = 14

|Nov rain days = 6

|Dec rain days = 2

|year rain days = 120

|Jan snow days = 23

|Feb snow days = 18

|Mar snow days = 14

|Apr snow days = 6

|May snow days = 2

|Jun snow days = 0.1

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 1

|Oct snow days = 9

|Nov snow days = 17

|Dec snow days = 21

|year snow days = 111

|Jan sun = 72

|Feb sun = 118

|Mar sun = 185

|Apr sun = 237

|May sun = 279

|Jun sun = 306

|Jul sun = 300

|Aug sun = 251

|Sep sun = 180

|Oct sun = 109

|Nov sun = 69

|Dec sun = 56

|year sun = 2162

|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net

{{cite web

| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28661.htm

| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Kurgan

| publisher = Weather and Climate

| language = ru

| access-date = 8 November 2021}}

|source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)

{{cite web

| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/RA/28661.TXT

| title = Kurgan Climate Normals 1961–1990

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| access-date = 7 November 2021}}

|date=February 2012

}}

• Agricultural academy
• Kurgan State University
• Kurgan International University
• Military Academy
• Railroad Academy
• Various theaters
• Academy of Labor and Social Relations

Kurgan. Lenin Square (WR).tif|{{Interlanguage link|Lenin Square (Kurgan)|lt=Lenin Square|ru|Площадь Ленина (Курган)}}

Marshal Golikov avenue Kurgan.jpg|Marshal Golikov avenue

Philarmony Kurgan.jpg|{{Interlanguage link|Kurgan Regional Philharmonic Society|ru|Курганская областная филармония}}

Drama theatre Kurgan.jpg|{{Interlanguage link|Kurgan Drama Theater|ru|Курганский театр драмы}}

Г. Курган - panoramio (60).jpg|Cinema "Rossiya"

Куйбышева 19 Дом Кюхельбекера.JPG|Wilhelm Küchelbecker house museum

Theotokos of Port Arthur church Kurgan.jpg|Russian Orthodox Church Theotokos of Port Arthur church

Храм Александра Невского. Город Курган.jpg|Russian Orthodox Church {{Interlanguage link|Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Kurgan)|lt=Alexander Nevsky Cathedral|ru|Александро-Невский собор (Курган)}}

Г. Курган - panoramio (59).jpg|Main post office

Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast, Russia - panoramio (2).jpg|Kurgan Airport

Вокзал станции Курган.JPG|{{Interlanguage link|Railway station (Kurgan)|lt=Railway station|ru|Курган (станция)}}

Г. Курган - panoramio (1).jpg|Central market

РНЦ ВТО им. Елизарова - panoramio.jpg|Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics

Главная проходная КМЗ - panoramio.jpg|Kurganmashzavod

Kurgan 2014 5.jpg|City center of culture and leisure

Климова 47 Дом Дунаева.JPG|Children's art school

Авиамузей. Су-25 и Ил-14. Курган - panoramio.jpg|{{Interlanguage link|Kurgan Aviation Museum|ru|Курганский авиационный музей}}

Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast, Russia - panoramio.jpg|River Tobol

{{unreferenced section| date=August 2020}}

• Oleg Bogomolov (born 1950), governor of Kurgan Oblast
• Dmitri Bushmanov (born 1978), association football player
• Maxim Fadeev (born 1968), singer-songwriter, composer and producer
• Yuri Galtsev (born 1961), Honored Artist of the Russian Federation
• Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992), physician, known for inventing the Ilizarov apparatus for lengthening limb bones
• Vyacheslav Kamoltsev (born 1971), association football player
• Larisa Korobeynikova (born 1987), fencer
• Evgeni Krasilnikov (1965–2014), volleyball player
• Leonid Krasin (1870–1926), politician and diplomat
• Ivan Kurpishev (born 1969), powerlifter
• Dmitri Loskov (born 1974), association football player
• Aleksey Markovsky (born 1957), swimmer
• Aleksandr Menshchikov (born 1973), wrestler
• Yana Romanova (born 1983), biathlete
• Sergei Rublevsky (born 1974), chess grandmaster
• Yulia Savicheva (born 1987), singer
• Alexander Solonik (1960–1997), Russian mobster and hitman
• Elena Temnikova (born 1985), singer
• Sergei Teryayev (born 1994), professional ice hockey defenceman
• Alexander Vinogradov (1930–2011), journalist and writer
• Sergey Vinogradov (1958–2010), journalist, translator, and writer
• Sergei Yakovlev (1925–1996), actor
• Mikhail Znamensky (1833–1892), writer, memoirist, painter, caricaturist, archeologist and ethnographer
• Vitaly Goryaev (1910–1982), painter, graphic illustrator, caricaturist{{Cite book |title=Большая советская энциклопедия |date=1969 |editor=А.М. Прохоров |edition=3 |place=Moscow |chapter=Горяев Виталий Николаевич}}
• Evgeny Yaroslavlev (born 1994), professional ice hockey player

{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Kurgan is twinned with:

• {{Flagicon|United States}} Appleton, United States{{Cite web|url=https://www.appleton.org/government/mayor-s-office/sister-cities|title=Sister Cities|website=appleton.org|access-date=30 August 2020}}
• {{Flagicon|Italy}} Rufina, Italy{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|kgn|adm|law}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|kgn|mun|list0}}

{{Commons category|Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast}}

{{EB1911 poster|Kurgan}}

• [http://www.kurgan-city.ru/ Official website of Kurgan] {{in lang|ru}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415044930/http://gorod45.ru/ Kurgan news portal] {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://www.kurgan.pro/ Cultural heritage of Kurgan] {{in lang|ru}}

{{Kurgan Oblast}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1662 establishments in Russia

Category:Populated places established in 1662

Category:Kurgansky Uyezd

Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour