Labour Party (Norway)

File:Arbeiderpartibygningen quevaal.jpg]]

The party was founded in 1887{{cite journal |author = Svennik Hoyer |author-link = Svennik Høyer|title = The Political Economy of the Norwegian Press |journal = Scandinavian Political Studies |publisher=Danish Royal Library|url = http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/spso/spso_0003-PDF/spso_0003_95928.pdf |access-date = 30 December 2014 |pages=85–141}}{{Cite journal|last=Arneson|first=Ben A.|date=1931|title=Norway Moves Toward the Right|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400111712/type/journal_article|journal=American Political Science Review|language=en|volume=25|issue=1|pages=152–157|doi=10.2307/1946579|jstor=1946579 |s2cid=146458203 |issn=0003-0554|url-access=subscription}} in Arendal and first ran in elections to the Storting in 1894. It entered the parliament in 1903 and steadily increased its vote until 1927, when it became the largest party in Norway. The party were members of Communist International (Comintern), a communist organisation, between 1918 and 1923.{{cite web |title = Hva historien forteller.. 1920 - 1935 |url = http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Aps-historie/Hva-historien-forteller/1920-1935 |publisher=Arbeiderpartiet |access-date=17 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110117035507/http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Aps-historie/Hva-historien-forteller/1920-1935 |archive-date=17 January 2011}}

From the establishment of Vort Arbeide in 1884, the party had a growing and notable organisation of newspapers and other press outlets. The party press system eventually resulted in Norsk Arbeiderpresse (Norwegian Labour Press). In January 1913, the party had 24 newspapers and six more newspapers were founded in 1913. The party also had the periodical Det 20de Aarhundre.{{cite book |last=Bjørnson |first=Øyvind |author-link=Øyvind Bjørnson |title = På klassekampens grunn 1900-1920 |year = 1990 |series = Volume two of Arbeiderbevegelsens historie i Norge|publisher=Tiden|location=Oslo|language = no |isbn = 82-10-02752-2 |page = 276 }} In 1920, the party had 33 newspapers and 6 semi-affiliated newspapers.{{cite book |last=Maurseth |first=Per |author-link=Per Maurseth |title = Gjennom kriser til makt 1920-1935 |year=1987 |series = Volume three of Arbeiderbevegelsens historie i Norge |publisher=Tiden |location=Oslo |language = no |isbn=82-10-02753-0 |page=65 }} The party had its own publishing house, Det norske Arbeiderpartis forlag, succeeded by Tiden Norsk Forlag. In addition to books and pamphlets, Det norske Arbeiderpartis forlag published Maidagen (annual May Day publication), Arbeidets Jul (annual Christmas publication) and Arbeiderkalenderen (calendar).Maurseth, 1987: p. 66 The party also published a monthly political magazine, Kontakt, between 1947 and 1954 which was edited by Torolf Elster.{{cite news|title=Fra Håndslag til Kontakt|url=https://www.morgenbladet.no/ideer/debatt/2009/07/10/fra-handslag-til-kontakt/|access-date=23 June 2022|work=Morgenbladet|date=10 July 2009|language=no}}

From its roots as a radical alternative to the political establishment, the party grew to its current dominance through several eras. The party experienced a split in 1921 caused by a decision made two years earlier to join the Comintern and the Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway was formed. In 1923, the party left the Comintern while a significant minority of its members left the party to form the Communist Party of Norway. In 1927, the Social Democrats were reunited with Labour. Some Communists also joined Labour whereas other Communists tried a failed merger endeavor which culminated in the formation of the Arbeiderklassens Samlingsparti. The same year, Helga Karlsen became the party's first female Member of Parliament.{{Citation|title=Helga Aleksandra Karlsen|date=2020-11-19|url=http://snl.no/Helga_Aleksandra_Karlsen|work=Store norske leksikon|language=nb|access-date=2021-09-23}}

In 1928, Christopher Hornsrud formed Labour's first government, but it lasted only two weeks. During the early 1930s, Labour abandoned its revolutionary profile and set a reformist course. Labour then returned to government in 1935 and remained in power throughout the Second World War. The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1938 and 1940.Kowalski, Werner. [https://books.google.com/books?id=83QdPwAACAAJ Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19]. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 310. When Norway was invaded by Nazi Germany in 1940, the Labour-led government and the Norwegian royal family fled to London, whence it led a government-in-exile for the duration of the war.

Immediately following the end of the Second World War, the Labour Party emerged victorious from the 1945 Norwegian parliamentary election. For the first time, the party secured an absolute majority in the Storting, taking 76 of 150 seats. Einar Gerhardsen of the Labour Party subsequently formed his first government, and he went on to dominate the post-war political scene over the following years. Gerhardsen is commonly referred to as Landsfaderen (Father of the Nation) and is generally considered one of the principal architects behind the reconstruction of Norway after the Second World War. The period from 1945 has been described as the golden age of the Norwegian Labour Party, and the party retained its parliamentary majority until the 1961 election. In 1963, the Kings Bay Affair drove the opposition to table a motion of no-confidence against the Gerhardsen's cabinet; the motion was ultimately successful, and Labour was forced to step down from government for the first time in 28 years. However, the incoming centre-right coalition proved short-lived, and Labour returned to government less than one month later, and remained in office until 1965.

The Labour Party later formed government in the periods of 1971–1972, 1973–1981, 1986–1989, and 1990–1997. Labour prime ministers in this period included party veterans Oscar Torp, Trygve Bratteli, and Gro Harlem Brundtland, and the party remained the largest in Norway throughout the remainder of the 20th century.

File:Labour campaign booth 2007.JPG ahead of the 2007 Norwegian local elections]]

In the year 2000, the centre-right coalition led by Kjell Magne Bondevik of the Christian Democrats was toppled in a confidence vote, and the Labour Party returned to power under Jens Stoltenberg, who became prime minister. However, after a period of intense infighting between Stoltenberg and former prime minister Thorbjørn Jagland, and a turbulent spell in government, the party collapsed to only 24.3% of the vote in the 2001 Norwegian parliamentary election, marking its worst result since 1924. The party returned to the opposition under Stoltenberg's leadership, before later recovering to 32.7% in the 2005 Norwegian parliamentary election. The Labour Party subsequently formed its first ever peace-time coalition government along with the Socialist Left and Centre parties. Their cooperation was dubbed the Red-green coalition, in emulation of similar constellations in Germany.

In 2011, the party changed its official name from the Norwegian Labour Party (Det norske arbeiderparti) to the Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet). The party claimed there had been confusion among voters at polling stations because of the difference between the official name and the common use name of Labour Party. The name change caused Arbeiderpartiet to appear on the ballot, eliminating any potential confusion.{{cite web |url = http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/article4088256.ece |title = Slutt på Det norske Arbeiderparti |work = Aftenposten |access-date = 3 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110412002350/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/article4088256.ece |archive-date = 12 April 2011 |url-status = dead }}[http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/04/09/nyheter/politikk/arbeiderpartiet/landsmote/16127942/ Arbeiderpartiet skifter navn] Dagbladet. 9 April 2011. On 22 July 2011, terrorist Anders Behring Breivik opened fire at the Labour Party's youth camp (ages 13–25), killing 69 people and killing eight more in Oslo with a bomb towards a government building (which was led by the Labour Party). Stoltenberg's initial response to the 22 July attack was well received by the Norwegian public. As he reaffirmed his government's commitment to the values of openness and tolerance in the face of adversity or intolerance his approval rating soared as high as 94%, only to decrease sharply after the 22 July Commission report highlighted the laggard response time of police cost dozens of lives.{{cite news |title=From hero to knave |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2012/08/25/from-hero-to-knave |access-date=11 September 2022 |newspaper=The Economist |date=August 25, 2012}}{{cite journal |last1=Criscione |first1=Valeria |title=No clear winners in trial of Anders Behring Breivik |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/0828/No-clear-winners-in-trial-of-Anders-Behring-Breivik |journal=Christian Science Monitor |access-date=11 September 2022}}

In the 2013 Norwegian parliamentary election, the Red-green coalition lost its majority in the Storting, but the Labour Party remained the largest party in the Storting. Jens Stoltenberg, who had served as prime minister for 10 of the past 13 years, remained party leader until he stepped down in 2014 after being appointed Secretary General of NATO. Later, Jonas Gahr Støre, a prominent profile in the Stoltenberg government, was chosen as new party leader on 14 June 2014.{{cite news |url = http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/politikk/--Jeg-har-folt-et-intenst-vemod-7604202.html#.U5xKPfna6Qo |title =- Jeg har følt et intenst vemod |last1 = Westerveld |first1 = June |author2 = Salvesen, Geir |date = 14 June 2014 |work = Aftenposten |language = no |access-date = 14 June 2014}} In the 2017 Norwegian parliamentary election, he led the party to a surprise defeat, as Labour fell 3.4 percentage points to 27.4%, and from 55 to 49 seats in the Storting, while the Conservative Party managed to retain a majority along with its smaller centre-right partners. Erna Solberg, Conservative prime minister since 2013, remained in office throughout the 2017—2021 term. In the same year, the Labour Party was targeted by hackers suspected to be from Russia.{{cite magazine |magazine=Foreign Policy |date=3 October 2018 |title=The New Cold Front in Russia's Information War |first=Reid |last=Standish |url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/10/03/the-new-cold-front-in-russias-information-war-nato-norway/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181004142533/https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/10/03/the-new-cold-front-in-russias-information-war-nato-norway/ |archive-date = 4 October 2018 |quote = Last year, hackers targeted the country's Labour Party—currently in opposition but a staunch supporter of Norway's NATO membership—in an attack believed to have been orchestrated from Russia.}}

In 2021, the Labour Party returned to government after eight years in opposition, following the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election. The party dropped to 48 seats from the 49 it had secured in 2017, but its centre-left coalition secured a landslide victory overall, taking 100 of the 169 seats in the Storting. The energy crisis was the most important issue for voters.{{cite news |title=Norway's left-wing opposition wins election in a landslide |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/14/norways-leftwing-opposition-wins-election-in-a-landslide |access-date=11 September 2022 |work=Al Jazeera |date=14 September 2021}} Party leader Jonas Gahr Støre assumed the Norwegian premiership on 14 October 2021, at the helm of a minority coalition with the Centre Party. Soon after assuming power, the new coalition was faced with a series of crises, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent energy price hikes. The government was criticized for its handling of these crises, and by August 2022, Støre had dropped to 31% in preferred prime minister polling, against 49% for Erna Solberg, the Conservative prime minister in the 2013—2021 period.{{cite web |title=Tilliten stuper for Støre: Én av to vil ha Solberg |url=https://www.nrk.no/sorlandet/tilliten-stuper-for-store_-en-av-to-vil-ha-solberg-1.16072010 |website=NRK |date=18 August 2022 |access-date=22 September 2022}} Meanwhile, the Labour Party hit record-low ratings in voting intention polls in late 2022, with a number of polls placing it below the 20%-mark in September 2022.{{cite web |title=Sjokkmåling: Fremskrittspartiet tre ganger så store som Senterpartiet |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/norsk-politikk/meningsmaling/sentio/sjokkmaling-fremskrittspartiet-tre-ganger-sa-store-som-senterpartiet/s/5-95-660966 |website=Nettavisen |date=20 September 2022 |access-date=22 September 2022}}

The Labour Party organisation is divided into county- and municipality-level chapters, numbering approximately 2,500 associations in total.[http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Information-in-English/The-Labour-Party-Information-in-English Information in English] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418145701/http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Information-in-English/The-Labour-Party-Information-in-English |date=18 April 2015 }} Arbeiderpartiet.no. Retrieved 18 April 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150418145701/http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Information-in-English/The-Labour-Party-Information-in-English Archive]. Historically, the party has maintained a close association with the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO), and until the mid-1990s, a dual-membership agreement existed between the two organizations, with LO members automatically holding (indirect) membership in the Labour Party as well. The party had about 200,500 members at its peak in 1950.{{cite news |url = http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/innsikt/article2852464.ece |title = Lengre mellom partimedlemmene i dag |work = Aftenposten |date = 7 January 2009 |first = Lars-Ludvig |last = Røed |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101230014048/http://www.aftenposten.no/fakta/innsikt/article2852464.ece |archive-date = 30 December 2010 }} No records were kept about direct membership or indirect membership figures.{{cite book |last1=Scarrow |first1=Susan |title=Beyond Party Members: Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization |date=27 November 2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780191748332 |page=59 |edition=1 |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/9675 |access-date=15 June 2023}} The dual-membership clause was scrapped in 1995, and that year its membership level fell to just over 72,500 from 128,000 in 1990.{{cite web |title=Medlemstall: Oversikt over Arbeiderpartiets medlemstall nå og historisk. |url=https://www.arbeiderpartiet.no/om/medlemstall/ |website=Arbeiderpartiet |access-date=22 September 2022}} In 1997, that figure dropped to 64,000 in 1997.{{cite book |last1=Scarrow |first1=Susan |title=Beyond Party Members: Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization |date=27 November 2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780191748332 |page=82 |edition=1 |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/9675 |access-date=15 June 2023}} In 2021, the party comprised 45,553 members according to its own official website.{{cite web |title=Medlemstall: Oversikt over Arbeiderpartiets medlemstall nå og historisk. |url=https://www.arbeiderpartiet.no/om/medlemstall/ |website=Arbeiderpartiet |access-date=22 September 2022}} Since 2005, the party has maintained a policy requiring full gender parity at every level of organisation above ordinary membership.{{cite web |url = http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Historien/Aps-historie/Kvinnebevegelsen |title=Kvinnebevegelsen / Aps historie / Historien / Om AP - Arbeiderpartiet |author=Arbeiderpartiet |access-date=3 July 2015 }}

The supreme body of the party is the Party Congress which is held every two years. The most senior body between these congresses is the National Delegate's Meeting which is made up of the party's Executive Board and two delegates from each of the 19 counties. The Executive Board itself consists of 16 elected members as well as the leadership of the party. The party is headed by a single leader, while the number of deputy leaders has fluctuated between one and two in different periods. As of 2022, the party leadership is made up of leader Jonas Gahr Støre, who has held the position since 2014, and deputy leader Bjørnar Selnes Skjæran, who was first elected to the position in 2021.

The party's youth organisation is the Workers' Youth League, and it maintains a women's wing known as the Labour Party Women's Network. The party participates in elections to the Sami Parliament of Norway, and work related to this has its own organisational structure with seven local groups, a bi-yearly congress, a national council and the Labour group in the Sami parliament.[http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Organisasjon/Samepolitisk-arbeid Samepolitisk arbeid] {{in lang|no}} Arbeiderpartiet.no. Retrieved 18 April 2015

File:Jonas Gahr Støre.JPG, party leader since 2014 and prime minister since 2021.]]

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

1. Anders Andersen (1887–1888)
2. Hans G. Jensen (1888–1889)
3. Christian Holtermann Knudsen (1889–1890)
4. Carl Jeppesen (1890–1892)
5. Ole Georg Gjøsteen (1892–1893)
6. Gustav A. Olsen-Berg (1893–1894)
7. Carl Jeppesen (1894–1897)
8. Ludvig Meyer (1897–1900)
9. Christian Holtermann Knudsen (1900–1903)
10. Christopher Hornsrud (1903–1906)
11. Oscar Nissen (1906–1911)
12. Christian Holtermann Knudsen (1911–1918)
13. Kyrre Grepp (1918–1922)
14. Emil Stang (1922–1923)
15. Oscar Torp (1923–1945)
16. Einar Gerhardsen (1945–1965)
17. Trygve Bratteli (1965–1975)
18. Reiulf Steen (1975–1981)
19. Gro Harlem Brundtland (1981–1992)
20. Thorbjørn Jagland (1992–2002)
21. Jens Stoltenberg (2002–2014)
22. Jonas Gahr Støre (2014–present)

}}

1. Christopher Hornsrud (January–February 1928)
2. Johan Nygaardsvold (1935–1945){{efn|During the German occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945, Johan Nygaardsvold was in exile in London.}}
3. Einar Gerhardsen (1945–1951)
4. Oscar Torp (1951–1955)
5. Einar Gerhardsen (1955–1963), (1963–1965)
6. Trygve Bratteli (1971–1972, 1973–1976)
7. Odvar Nordli (1976–1981)
8. Gro Harlem Brundtland (February–October 1981, 1986–1989, 1990–1996)
9. Thorbjørn Jagland (1996–1997)
10. Jens Stoltenberg (2000–2001, 2005–2013)
11. Jonas Gahr Støre (2021–present)

{{Complete list|date=April 2024}}

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• 1. landsmøte 1887 Arendalhttps://www.arbark.no/eldok/DNA1887_1.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}
• 2. landsmøte 1888 Kristiania
• 3. landsmøte 1889 Kristiania
• 4. landsmøte 1890 Kristiania
• 5. landsmøte 1891 Kristiania
• 6. landsmøte 1892 Kristiania
• 7. landsmøte 1893 Kristiania
• 8. landsmøte 1894 Bergen
• 9. landsmøte 1895 Skien
• 10. landsmøte 1896 Kristiania
• 11. landsmøte 1897 Kristiania
• 12. landsmøte 1898 Fredrikstad
• 13. landsmøte 1899 Kristiania
• 14. landsmøte 1900 Kristiania
• 15. landsmøte 1901 Kristiania
• 16. landsmøte 1902 Trondheim
• 17. landsmøte 1903 Kristiania
• 18. landsmøte 1904 Drammen
• 19. landsmøte 1906 Kristiania
• 20. landsmøte 1909 Hamarhttps://www.arbark.no/eldok/DNA1887_1.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}
• 1. ekstraordinære landsmøte 1911 13-16 April Kristiania
• 21. landsmøte 1912 4—9 april Stavanger

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• 22. landsmøte 1915 22-26 may Trondhjem
• 23. landsmøte 1918 29 mars—1 april Oslo
• 2. ekstraordinære landsmøte 1919 7—10 juni Oslo
• 24. landsmøte 1920 22—25 may Oslo
• 25. landsmøte 1921 25—28 march 1921 Oslo
• 26. landsmøte 1923 24—28 february Oslo
• 3 ekstraordinære landsmøte 1923 2—4 november Oslo
• 27. landsmøte 1925 4—6 september Oslo
• 4. ekstraordinære landsmøte 1927 28—29 january Oslo
• Samlingskongressen. 30—31 january 1927 Oslo
• 28. landsmøte 1930 14—16 march Oslo
• 29. landsmøte 1933 26—28 may Oslo
• 30. landsmøte 1936 2-4 may Oslo
• 31. landsmøte 1939 3-5 november Oslo
• 32. landsmøte 1945 31-2 september Oslo
• 33. landsmøte 1949 17-20 february Oslo
• 34. landsmøte 1953 22-25 march Oslo
• 35. landsmøte 1955 19-21 march Oslo
• 36. landsmøte 1957 30, 31 may and 1 June Oslo
• 37. landsmøte 1959 7-9 may Oslo
• 38. landsmøte 1961 9-11 april Oslo
• 39. landsmøte 1963 23-25 may Oslo

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• 40. landsmøte 1965 27-29 may Oslo
• 41. landsmøte 1967 21-23 may Oslo
• 42. landsmøte 1969 11-14 may Oslo
• 43. landsmøte 1971 9-11 may Oslo
• 5. ekstraordinær landsmøte 1972 21-22 april Oslo
• 44. landsmøte 1973 27-30 may Oslo
• 45. landsmøte 1975 20-23 may Oslo
• 46. landsmøte 1977 8-11 may Oslo
• 47. landsmøte 1979 6-9 may Oslo
• 48. landsmøte 1981 2-5 april Hamar
• 49. landsmøte 1983 22-24 april Oslo
• 50. landsmøte 1985 21-24 march Oslo
• 51. landsmøte 1987 26-29 march Oslo
• 52. landsmøte 1989 2-5 march SAS Scandinavian Hotell
• 53. landsmøte 1990 9-11 november Folkets Hus
• 54. landsmøte 1992 5-8 november Folkets Hus
• 6. ekstraordinære landsmøte 1994 18-18 june Folkets Hus
• 55. landsmøte 1995 10-12 februar Folkets Hus
• 56. landsmøte 1996 7-11 november Folkets Hus
• 57. landsmøte 1998 20-22 november Folkets Hus
• 58. landsmøte 2000 9-12 november Folkets Hus
• 59. landsmøte 2002 8-10 november Folkets Hus

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• 60. landsmøte 2005 7-10 april Folkets Hus
• 61. landsmøte 2007 19-22 april Folkets Hus
• 62. landsmøte 2009 18-21 april Folkets Hus
• 63. landsmøte 2011 7-10 april Folkets Hus
• 64. landsmøte 2013 18-21 april Folkets Hus
• 7. ekstraordinære landsmøte 2014 14 june Folkets Hus
• 65. landsmøte 2015 16-19 april Folkets Hus
• 66. landsmøte 2017 20-23 april Folkets Hus
• 67. landsmøte 2019 4-7 april Folkets Hus
• 68. landsmøte 2021 15-17 april The Hub and Microsoft Teams.
• 69 landsmøte 2023 4-6 may Folkets Hus

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{{Portal|Norway|Socialism}}

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://www.arbeiderpartiet.no/ Arbeiderpartiet] – official website {{in lang|no}}
• [http://arbeiderpartiet.no/Om-AP/Information-in-English?=http%3A%2F%2Farbeiderpartiet.no%2FOm-AP%2FInformation-in-English Norwegian Labour Party] – official website {{in lang|en}}
• [http://www.nrk.no/valg2011/valgresultat/Parti/Parti/A/ Election results for the Labour Party in the 2011 local elections]

{{Norwegian Labour Party}}

{{Party of European Socialists}}

{{Norwegian political parties}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1887 establishments in Norway

Norway

Category:Members of the Labour and Socialist International

Category:Party of European Socialists member parties

Category:Political parties established in 1887

Category:Progressive Alliance

Category:Second International parties

Category:Centre-left parties in Europe

Category:Socialist parties in Norway

Category:Social democratic parties in Europe