Lake Herrera

{{Short description|Small lake near Mosquera and Bogotá, Colombia}}

{{Infobox body of water

| name = Lake Herrera

| image =

| caption =

| pushpin_map = Colombia

| image_bathymetry =

| caption_bathymetry =

| location = Mosquera, Cundinamarca

| coords = {{coord|4|41|26|N|74|16|29|W|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}

| type = Wetland
Artificial lake (since 1973)

| part_of = Bogotá savanna

| inflow = Bojacá River
Bogotá River (San José channel)

| outflow = none

| catchment =

| basin_countries = Colombia

| length = {{convert|3|km|mi}}

| width = {{convert|1.5|km|mi}}

| area = {{convert|280|ha|acre}}

| depth = {{convert|1.3|m|ft}}

| max-depth = {{convert|2|m|ft}}

| volume =

| residence_time =

| shore =

| elevation = {{convert|2550|m|abbr=on}}

| islands =

| cities =

| reference = {{in lang|es}} [https://humedalessuescaylaherrera.wordpress.com/la-herrera/ Description Lake Herrera]{{in lang|es}} [http://mosquera-cundinamarca.gov.co/index.shtml?apc=bjxx2-&x=2089180 Lake Herrera on the official website Mosquera]

}}

Lake Herrera is a small lake located at {{convert|5|km|mi}} from the urban centre of Mosquera and about {{convert|20|km|mi}} west of the capital Bogotá in Cundinamarca, Colombia. The Andean lake has made its name in the Herrera Period, the period in the history of central Colombia before the Muisca Period, after archaeologist Sylvia Broadbent excavated ceramics around Lake Herrera in 1971.

Description

{{Location map+ | Bogotá savanna

| width = 330

| caption = Lake Herrera and other preceramic sites on the Bogotá savanna

| places =

{{Location map~ | Bogotá savanna

| lat_deg = 4.690556

| lon_deg = -74.274722

| marksize = 12

| mark = Turquoise pog.svg

}}

{{Location map~ | Bogotá savanna

| lat_deg = 4.602222

| lon_deg = -74.276389

| mark = White pog.svg

| label = Aguazuque

| position = right

}}

{{Location map~ | Bogotá savanna

| lat_deg = 5.120028

| lon_deg = -73.876472

| mark = White pog.svg

| label = Checua

| position = top

}}

{{Location map~ | Bogotá savanna

| lat_deg = 4.535117

| lon_deg = -74.275686

| mark = White pog.svg

| label = Tequendama

| position = left

}}

Lake Herrera is situated on the Bogotá savanna; the southwestern part of the Andean high plateau in the Eastern Ranges; the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. The lake is one of many remainders of the Pleistocene Lake Humboldt. It is the largest remaining natural water reserve on the Bogotá savanna and the reserve belongs to the municipalities Mosquera, Madrid and Bojacá.{{in lang|es}} [https://humedalessuescaylaherrera.wordpress.com/2012/11/21/ubicacion-reserva-hidrica-humedal-laguna-de-la-herrera/ Lake Herrera largest water reserve of the Bogotá savanna]

= History =

{{stack|clear=right|

File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.266225 - Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) nigrofasciatus elongatulus Pilsbry, 1898 - Bulimulidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg

File:Humedal Burro.jpg, similar wetland to Lake Herrera]]

}}

Investigations by archaeologist Gonzalo Correal Urrego in 1984 have revealed the existence of a preceramic site with two layers. The oldest layer has been dated at 3410 years BP and the younger layer at 3135 BP.{{in lang|es}} [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/arqueologia/prehisp/cp08.htm Excavations Correal Urrego around Lake Herrera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924114153/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/arqueologia/prehisp/cp08.htm |date=2016-09-24 }}

Correal Urrego has discovered preceramic tools and wooden beams in horizontal position, possibly used to against the lake overflowing. Different stone tools found are scrapers and chips with sharp edges. Other tools were handles, and white-tailed deer bone tools for perforation, scraping and cutting. Evidence of fireplaces and burial grounds has been uncovered. One of the burial sites contained a full skeleton surrounded by five skulls. Remains of fauna collected by the hunter-gatherers were mammals, birds and snails. The presence of basalt, not formed on the Altiplano, indicated movement from the Magdalena Valley.

When the climatic conditions became drier and layers of volcanic ash were deposited around the lake in the first millennium BCE, the inhabitants of the region started to develop agriculture around the lake.Rodríguez, 2005, p.105

Later excavations have provided ceramic with a typical red colour, rich in SiO₂.De Paepe & Cardale, 1990, p.100

The lake is a residual part of Lake Humboldt, but since 1973 functions as an artificial lake after the construction of drainage channels. The lake is fed from the Bojacá River from the northeast and from the San José channel, fed by the Bogotá River in the southwest. Between 1969 and 2013 the surface area of the lake has been reduced with {{convert|175|ha|acre}}.

Recent mining activities close to the lake endanger the environment of Lake Herrera, formalised a water reserve on July 23, 2006.{{in lang|es}} [http://www.noticiasrcn.com/patrullero-rcn/mineria-afecta-laguna-herrera Mining activities endanger Lake Herrera] - RCN

= Biodiversity =

Flora and fauna around the lake is endangered and migrating birds use Lake Herrera. Several species have been found and described in and around the lake:

thickhead ground snake (Atractus crassicaudatus)[http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/ICN/?controlador=QuickSearch&accion=searchByOther&page=5&keyword=Atractus+crassicaudatus&stype=searchByFamily&keyword1=Colubridae&where=&all_records=99 Atractus crassicaudatus]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
Cheilanthes myriophylla[http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/ICN/?controlador=QuickSearch&accion=searchByScientific&page=3&keyword=Cheilanthes+myriophylla&stype=&keyword1=&where=&all_records=90 Cheilanthes myriophylla]
Drymaeus nigrofasciatusBorrero, F.J. - Colombian non-marine mollusks
Stenocercus trachycephalus[http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/ICN/?controlador=QuickSearch&accion=searchByOther&page=3&keyword=Stenocercus+trachycephalus&stype=searchByGender&keyword1=Stenocercus&where=&all_records=57 Stenocerus trachycephalus]

= Tourism =

The lake can be visited and walked around, although some parts are privately owned and access permits have to be arranged.

Trivia

Another name for Lake Herrera and its surroundings is Sabrisky Desert{{in lang|es}} [http://cundinamarcatesorprendera.blogspot.com.co/ Sabrisky Desert around Lake Herrera]

References

= Bibliography =

{{citation |last1=Paepe |first1=Paul de |author2-link=Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff |last2=Cardale de Schrimpff |first2=Marianne |year=1990 |title=Resultados de un estudio petrológico de cerámicas del Periodo Herrera provenientes de la Sabana de Bogotá y sus implicaciones arqueológicas - Results of a petrological study of ceramics form the Herrera Period coming from the Bogotá savanna and its archaeological implications |url=http://publicaciones.banrepcultural.org/index.php/bmo/article/viewFile/7069/7315 |journal=Boletín Museo del Oro |volume= |pages=99–119 |publisher=Museo del Oro |language=es |accessdate=2016-07-08}}
{{citation |last=Rodríguez |first=José Vicente |year=2005 |title=De la sabana a la selva - Un yacimiento formativo ritual en el entorno de la antigua laguna de La Herrera, Madrid, Cundinamarca - From the savanna to the jungle - a ritual formative site in the surroundings of the ancient Lake Herrera, Madrid |journal=Maguaré |volume=19 |pages=103–131 |publisher=Universidad Nacional de Colombia |language=es }}