Lemmings (video game)

Image:Amiga Lemmings.png

Lemmings is divided into a number of levels, grouped into four difficulty categories. Each level begins with one or more trap doors opening from above, releasing a steady line of lemmings who all follow each other. Levels include a variety of obstacles that prevent lemmings from reaching the exit, such as large drops, booby traps and pools of lava.

The goal of each level is to guide at least a portion of the green-haired, blue-robed lemmings from the entrance to the exit by clearing or creating a safe passage through the landscape for the lemmings to use.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/r_lemmings_psp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221101311/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/r_lemmings_psp |archive-date=21 February 2013 |title=Lemmings |work=Eurogamer |first=Tom |last=Bramwell |date=7 March 2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }} Unless assigned a special task, a lemming will walk in one direction ignoring any other lemming in its way (except Blockers), falling off any edges and turning around if it hits an obstacle it cannot pass.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/29/technology/29game.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&ei=5070&en=9b11a61802a7c4f8&ex=1152244800&emc=eta1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130162231/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/29/technology/29game.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&ei=5070&en=9b11a61802a7c4f8&ex=1152244800&emc=eta1& |archive-date=30 January 2013 |title=Addictive as Chips, but Less Fattening |work=The New York Times |date=29 June 2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |first=Charles |last=Herold |url-status=dead }} A lemming can die in a number of ways: falling from too great a height, drowning or falling into lava, falling off the bottom edge of the screen, being caught in a trap or fire, or being assigned the Bomber skill for five seconds. Every level has a time limit; if the timer expires, all the lemmings explode (even non-Bombers), the level ends, and the player is evaluated on the number of lemmings rescued.

To successfully complete the level, the player must assign specific skills to certain lemmings. Which skills and how many uses of each are available to the player varies from level to level, and the player must assign the skills carefully to successfully guide the lemmings. There are eight skills that can be assigned:{{cite book | year=1993 | editor=Atari | title=Lemmings Instruction Manual (Atari Lynx) (C398105-080 Rev. A) | pages=5–7 | publisher=Atari }} Climbers climb vertically though fall down if they hit an overhang. Floaters use a parachute to fall safely from heights. Bombers explode after a five-second timer, destroying themselves and any destructible landscape in close proximity, though not damaging other lemmings or traps. Blockers stand still and prevent other lemmings from passing; lemmings that hit a Blocker simply reverse direction. Builders build a stairway of 12 steps, but will stop building when either it hits its head, runs out of bricks, or when the stairway hits a solid object.{{Cite web |title=Lemmings - Instructions, Docs - Lemon Amiga |url=https://www.lemonamiga.com/games/docs.php?id=994 |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=www.lemonamiga.com}} Bashers, Miners and Diggers tunnel horizontally, diagonally downwards or directly downwards respectively, but cannot break through steel barriers.

While the player is able to pause the game to inspect the level and status of the lemmings, skills can only be assigned in real-time. Lemmings are initially released at a rate predetermined by the level (from 1 to 99). The player can increase the rate as desired to a maximum of 99, and later decrease it down to, but not lower than, the initial rate. The player also has the option to "nuke" all the remaining lemmings on the screen, converting them to Bombers. This option can be used to abort a level when in a no-win situation, remove any Blockers that remain after the remaining lemmings have been rescued, or end a level quickly once the required percentage of saved lemmings has been reached.

The four difficulty groups – "Fun", "Tricky", "Taxing" and "Mayhem" – are used to organise the levels to reflect their overall difficulty. This rating reflects several factors, including the number of obstacles the player has to surpass, the limitation on the number of types of skills available to assign, the time limit, the minimum rate of lemming release, and the percentage of lemmings that must be saved. Some versions have additional difficulty ratings with more levels in each.

Image:SNES Lemmings2Player.png

The original Lemmings also has 20 two-player levels. This took advantage of the Amiga's ability to support two mice simultaneously, and the Atari's ability to support a mouse and a joystick simultaneously. Each player is presented with their own view of the same map (on a vertically split screen), can only give orders to their own lemmings (green or blue), and has their own base. The goal is to get more lemmings (regardless of colour) into one's own base than the other player. Gameplay cycles through the 20 levels until neither player gets any lemmings home.

{{Main page|Oh No! More Lemmings}}

Oh No! More Lemmings is an expansion for the game. It contains 100 more levels, leading to 150 levels in total, including the two-player levels.

Mike Dailly, the first employee of DMA Design and one of the programmers for Lemmings, provided a detailed history of the development of the game titled "The Lemmings Story" in 2006.{{cite web |url=https://lemmings.info/lemmings-gamehistory/ |first=Mike |last=Dailly |title=The Complete History of Lemmings |year=2006 |access-date= 31 May 2025}} David Jones, founder of DMA Design, has also commented on the development and success of Lemmings.{{cite web|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=12190 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526225205/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=12190 |archive-date=26 May 2012 |title=Playing Catch Up: GTA/Lemmings' Dave Jones |date=21 December 2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=Gamasutra |first=Alistair |last=Wallis |url-status=dead }}

Image:Lemming animation.gif

The inspiration for gameplay came as a result of a simple animated character sprite in an 8×8 pixel box created by Dailly using Deluxe Paint as part of development for Walker, then envisioned as a sequel to Blood Money. Dailly was able to quickly produce an animated graphic showing his creations moving endlessly, with additional graphical improvements made by Gary Timmons and other members of the DMA Design team to help remove the stiffness in the animation. One member, Russell Kay, observed that "There's a game in that!", and later coined the term "lemmings" for these creations, according to Dailly. Allowing the creatures to move across the landscape was based on a Salamander weapon concept for Blood Money and demonstrated with the animations.

Levels were designed based on a Deluxe Paint interface, which allowed several of the members to design levels, resulting in "hundreds of levels". There were several internal iterations of the levels, each designer challenging the others. Dailly pointed out that David Jones "used to try and beat us, and after proudly stabbing a finger at the screen and saying 'There! Beat that!', we'd calmly point out a totally new way of getting around all his traps, and doing it in a much simpler method. 'Oh...', he'd mutter, and scramble off to try and fix it." They also sent internally tested levels to Psygnosis, getting back the results of their testing via fax. While most were solved quickly, Dailly commented that "Every now and again though, the fax would be covered in scribbles with the time and comments crossed out again and again; this is what we were striving for while we were designing the levels, and it gave us all a warm fuzzy feeling inside."

Each of the designers had a somewhat different style in their levels: Dailly's levels often had titles containing clues to what to do (such as "It's hero time!", suggesting that one lemming had to be separated from the crowd) and generally required the player to perform several actions at once; Gary Timmons's levels were minimalistic, with popular culture references in the titles; and Scott Johnston's (whose mother was the first voice of the lemmings) levels were generally tightly packed. Dailly was also responsible for the "custom" levels based on other Psygnosis and Reflections Interactive Amiga games, including Shadow of the Beast, Menace, Awesome and Shadow of the Beast II. These "crossover" levels also used music from those games, though in ports these levels have been removed or altered to remove such references. After they developed most of the hard levels, they then created several simple levels either by copying the existing ones or creating new layouts; as Dailly states, "This I believe is where many games fall down today, they don't spend the time making a good learning curve." Timmons is credited with the official drawings of the lemmings, as necessitated by the need of Psygnosis for box cover artwork.

The two-player option was inspired by then-current games Populous and Stunt Car Racer. DMA Design initially wanted to use a null-modem connection between two machines to allow competitive play, but ended up using the ability of the Amiga to have two mouse pointer devices usable at the same time and thus created the split-screen mode.

Music was originally created by Brian Johnston (Scott's younger brother), who sampled bits of copyrighted music. This had been common practice, but at that point there was a growing awareness of music copyright. Psygnosis therefore asked Tim Wright to replace the offending tracks; he often used arrangements and reworkings of classical and traditional music to avoid copyright problems.

The game's popularity on the Amiga led to its rapid porting to many other platforms, and it is regarded as one of the most widely ported video games.{{cite web |url=http://www.consumerelectronicsnet.com/games/articles/viewarticle.jsp?id=46303 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141210075052/http://www.consumerelectronicsnet.com/games/articles/viewarticle.jsp?id=46303 |archive-date=10 December 2014 |title=Lemmings PSP Review |work=Consumer Electronics Net |first=Don |last=Lee |date=15 June 2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=dead }} Within a year of its release, the game had been ported to Atari ST, Sinclair Spectrum, PC and SNES. David Jones stated that after porting the game to 20 systems, he stopped keeping count of additional ports. Other commercial ports of the original game include 3DO, Acorn Archimedes, Apple IIGS, Macintosh, CDTV, Commodore 64, Nintendo Entertainment System, Master System, Mega Drive, PC Engine, CD-i, and X68000.{{cite book|last=Fox |first=Matt |date=3 January 2013 |title=The Video Games Guide: 1,000+ Arcade, Console and Computer Games, 1962-2012, 2d ed. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzMYYrsDaAEC&pg=PA169 |publisher=McFarland & Company |page=169 |isbn=978-0786472574 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402230011/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xzMYYrsDaAEC&pg=PA169 |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}

The license to the Lemmings intellectual property had remained with Psygnosis, which became part of Sony Computer Entertainment in 1993 but ultimately folded in 2012, leaving Lemmings as a Sony property. Sony has used that to craft more modern remakes.{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-12-20-sonys-just-released-a-new-lemmings-game | title = Sony's just released a new Lemmings game for mobile | first= Robert | last = Purchase | date = 20 December 2018 | access-date = 20 December 2018 | work = Eurogamer }} In early 2006, Sony released a remake of Lemmings for the PlayStation Portable, developed by Team17. It features all 120 levels from the original game, 36 brand-new levels as well as DataPack support (similar to the Extra Track system featured in Wipeout Pure), and a user-level editor. Every level in the game is a pre-rendered 3D landscape, although their gameplay is still 2D and remains faithful to the original game. User levels can be constructed from pre-rendered objects and distributed by uploading them to a PlayStation-specific Lemmings online community.{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/lemmings-review/1900-6152172/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141210075807/http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/lemmings-review/1900-6152172/ |archive-date=10 December 2014 |title=Lemmings Review |work=GameSpot |last=Cocker |first=Guy |date=1 June 2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=https://uk.ign.com/games/lemmings-14292381/psp-748724 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170227013841/http://www.ign.com/games/lemmings-14292381/psp-748724 |archive-date=27 February 2017 |title=Lemmings - PlayStation Portable - IGN |work=IGN |date=24 April 2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }} The soundtrack also marks the final video game score created by longtime composer Tim Follin after he announced his retirement from the industry in mid-2005.{{cite web | url = https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/playing-catch-up-tim-follin |url-status=live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110508231525/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/column_index.php?story=6640 | archive-date = 8 May 2011 | title = Playing Catch-Up: Tim Follin | work = Gamasutra | date = 26 September 2005 | access-date = 10 December 2014 | first = Frank | last = Cifaldi }} In October 2006 the game was ported by developer Rusty Nutz for the PlayStation 2 with use of the EyeToy.{{cite web|url=https://ign.com/games/lemmings-14292381/ps2-827509 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150124185620/http://www.ign.com/games/lemmings-14292381/ps2-827509 |archive-date=24 January 2015 |title=Lemmings: PS2 |work=IGN |access-date=23 January 2015 |url-status=dead }} The basic change in the concept is that the player must stretch and use their limbs in the recorded picture to aid the lemmings.{{cite web|url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2006/05/12/e3-2006-lemmings |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170227014156/http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/05/12/e3-2006-lemmings |archive-date=27 February 2017 |title=E3 2006: Lemmings |work=IGN |author=Nix |date=12 May 2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }}

Image:Lemmings Christmas Demo, for Amiga, 1991.jpg containing Christmas Lemmings (1991) for the Amiga]]

Lemmings received some expansion packs following its launch. Oh No! More Lemmings, originally released for the Amiga in 1991 both as a data disk or standalone game, added five varying difficulties – Tame, Crazy, Wild, Wicked and Havoc – each with 20 new levels. The game also features enhanced graphics and altered sound effects. The expansion was also ported to Acorn Archimedes, Atari ST, DOS, Macintosh, and SAM Coupé, and the levels were made available with the Game Boy Color, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation and Sega Mega Drive versions of Lemmings. Oh No! More Lemmings received generally positive reviews. Dan Slingsby of CU Amiga found the game addictive, calling the puzzles "ingenious", and Peter Lee of Amiga Action praised the quality and difficulty of the levels; Stuart Campbell of Amiga Power was disappointed by the lack of fixes from the original game, and Ed Ricketts of ST Format criticized the difficulty gradient of the levels and the price of the expansion, but both ultimately gave positive reviews nonetheless.

Christmas Lemmings, also known as Holiday Lemmings, was also released as a series of short games released between 1991 and 1994. The gameplay remains unchanged from the base game, which is not required. First released as Xmas Lemmings as two four-level demos in 1991 and 1992, there were two later full retail releases on the Amiga and Atari ST in 1993 and 1994, both with an additional 32 levels. The games were well-received; Rob Mead of Amiga Format described it as "funny, frustrating and incredibly addictive", despite being disappointed by the number of levels, and Will Greenwald of PC Magazine ranked it among the best Christmas video games in 2014.

{{Video game reviews

| state = collapsed

| GR = SNES: 83%{{cite web |url=https://www.gamerankings.com/snes/588437-lemmings/index.html |title=Lemmings for Super Nintendo |website=GameRankings |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=26 December 2018}}

| AAction = Amstrad: 97%

| CRASH = Spectrum: 91%{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=Crash/Issue94/Pages/Crash9400015.jpg |title=Crash issue 94 page 15|work=World of Spectrum |publisher=Crash |access-date=10 December 2014}}

| CVG = Master System: 92%{{cite magazine |title=Master System Review: Lemmings |magazine=Computer and Video Games |date=15 November 1992 |issue=133 (December 1992) |page=86 |url=https://retrocdn.net/images/8/87/CVG_UK_133.pdf#page=86}}

| EGM = Lynx: 6.8/10
CD-i: 6.25/10

| Fam = Super Famicom: 35/40{{cite web |title=週刊ファミ通クロスレビュープラチナ殿堂入りソフト一覧 |trans-title=Weekly Famitsu Cross Review Platinum Hall of Fame Software List |url=http://geimin.net/da/db/cross_review/index.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027205828/http://geimin.net/da/db/cross_review/index.php |website=Geimin |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 October 2008 |access-date=24 February 2021 }}

| IGN = Lynx: 9/10{{cite web |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/1999/07/07/lemmings-4 |title=Woohoo! Look at them little lemmings walk... |publisher=IGN Entertainment |author=Robert A. Jung |date=6 July 1999 |access-date=12 August 2018}}

| MM = SNES: 92%{{cite magazine|author1=Richard Leadbetter|author2=Rob Bright|url=https://archive.org/details/mean-machines-21/page/56/mode/2up|title=Lemmings|magazine=Mean Machines|issue=21|date=June 1992|pages=56–58|access-date=December 12, 2024}}

| YSinclair = Spectrum: 91%{{cite web|url=http://www.ysrnry.co.uk/articles/lemmings.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505124138/http://www.ysrnry.co.uk/articles/lemmings.htm |archive-date= 5 May 2013 |url-status=dead |title=Lemmings |work=Your Sinclair |access-date=10 December 2014 }}

| Z64=97%Zzap!64 review, Newsfield Publications, issue 102, page 26

| rev1 = MegaTech

| rev1Score = Mega Drive: 92%MegaTech issue 22 (October 1993), page 100

| rev2 = Mega

| rev2Score = Mega Drive: 90%Mega issue 2 (November 1992), page 62

| rev3 = Commodore Force

| rev3Score = C64: 97%{{cite magazine |date= November 1993 |title=Lemmings |url=https://archive.org/details/zzap64-magazine-102/page/n26 |magazine=Commodore Force |location=United Kingdom |publisher=Europress Impact |access-date=17 October 2019 }}

| rev4 = Mikrobitti

| rev4Score = Amiga: 84%

| rev5 = PC-pelit

| rev5Score = DOS: 84%

| NGen = 3DO: {{rating|4|5}}{{cite magazine|title=Lemmings |magazine=Next Generation|issue=3|date=March 1995|page=88}}

| award1Pub = Amstrad Action

| award1 = 2nd-best rated game in the history of the magazine{{cite web|url=http://retroactionmagazine.com/retroactionextra/amstrad-action-all-time-top-10-games/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121216102004/http://retroactionmagazine.com/retroactionextra/amstrad-action-all-time-top-10-games/ |archive-date=16 December 2012 |title=Amstrad Action All Time Top 10 Games |work=Retroaction |date=8 September 2010 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}

| award2Pub = Amiga Power

| award2 = 2nd-best Amiga game of all time (1991){{cite magazine|date=May 1991 |title=Amiga Power's All-Time Top 100 Amiga Games |url=https://archive.org/stream/Amiga_Power_Issue_00_1991-05_Future_Publishing_GB#page/n3/mode/2up |magazine=Amiga Power |pages=5 |access-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409193754/https://archive.org/stream/Amiga_Power_Issue_00_1991-05_Future_Publishing_GB |archive-date=9 April 2016 }}

| award3Pub = Mega

| award3 = 23rd-best game of all time (1994)Mega issue 26 (November 1994), page 74

| award4Pub = CGW

| award4 = 12th-best game of all time (1996){{cite web |url=http://www.cdaccess.com/html/pc/150best.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724034534/http://www.cdaccess.com/html/pc/150best.htm |archive-date=24 July 2012 |title=150 Best Games of All Time |work=CDAccess |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}

| award5Pub = Edge

| award5 = 82nd-top game of all time (2007){{cite magazine|url=http://www.edge-online.com/features/edges-top-100-games-all-time/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121231340/http://www.edge-online.com/features/edges-top-100-games-all-time/ |archive-date=21 January 2013 |url-status=dead |title=Edge's Top 100 Games of All time |date=2 July 2007 |access-date=10 December 2014 |magazine=Edge }}

| award6Pub = Your Sinclair

| award6 = 20th-top ZX Spectrum game of all time (1993, by readers){{cite magazine|title=Readers' Top 100 Games of All Time|magazine=Your Sinclair|date=September 1993}}

| award7Pub = Wirtualna Polska

| award7 = The best Amiga game of all time (2011){{cite web|url=http://gry.wp.pl/galeria/30-najlepszych-gier-na-amige,179431/31.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416163324/http://gry.wp.pl/galeria/30-najlepszych-gier-na-amige,179431/31.html?ticket=7485108628076817WO4VMCQBDyGkyHjc3rpgtefcb3RJEiB2esav1VORD9TOn2A71%2BqVEpoH0Oz/Ca2qNQInx0Xwiy%2BWoBunggqOoxZzapOf%2BrRGTZbH9aBWDHSobUhh0yFUbhJzdE62FGNiyzbucbMefCbxfFPgRpy4zg%3D%3D |archive-date=16 April 2013 |title=30 najlepszych gier na Amigę |language=pl |work=Wirtualnej Polsce |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }}

| award8Pub = Next Generation

| award8 = 8th-top game of all time (1996){{cite magazine |date=September 1996 |title=Top 100 Games of all Time |url=https://archive.org/stream/Next-Generation-1996-09/Next%20Generation%201996-09#page/n69/mode/2up |magazine=Next Generation |issue=21 |pages=68 |access-date=23 December 2014}}

| Allgame = {{Rating|2.5|5}} (NES){{cite web |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=26575&tab=review |title=Lemmings (NES) Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115045946/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=26575&tab=review |archive-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}
{{Rating|4|5}} (GG){{cite web |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1470&tab=review |title=Lemmings (Game Gear) Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115045312/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1470&tab=review |archive-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}
{{Rating|4.5|5}} (SNES){{cite web |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=154&tab=review |title=Lemmings (SNES) Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115005330/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=154&tab=review |archive-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}

}}

The original sales for Lemmings on the Amiga topped 55,000 copies on the first day of sales; in comparison, Menace sold 20,000 copies and Blood Money sold 40,000 copies cumulatively. With all ports included, Mike Dailly estimated that 15 million copies of Lemmings were sold between 1991 and 2006.{{cite web|url=http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA4_1.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629021744/http://www.javalemmings.com/DMA/DMA4_1.htm |archive-date=29 June 2012 |title=The Complete History of DMA Design |first=Mike |last=Dailly |publisher=Mike Dailly |year=2006 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=usurped }} In 2011, Luke Plunkett from Kotaku placed the figure at over 20 million,{{cite web |url=http://kotaku.com/5830192/what-do-grand-theft-auto-and-lemmings-have-in-common |title=What do Grand Theft Auto and Lemmings Have In Common? |last=Plunkett |first=Luke |work=Kotaku |publisher=Gawker Media |date=12 August 2011 |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427095839/http://kotaku.com/5830192/what-do-grand-theft-auto-and-lemmings-have-in-common |archive-date=27 April 2017 |url-status=dead}} a figure which has been quoted as far back as 1997.{{cite magazine |title=NG Alphas: Gamespotting |magazine=Next Generation|issue=28 |date=April 1997|page=98}}{{cite web|url=http://www.gremlin.co.uk/press/gremlin/dma.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19980129123455/http://www.gremlin.co.uk/press/gremlin/dma.html|title=Britsoft giant emerges|website=Gremlin Interactive|archivedate=January 29, 1998|accessdate=April 16, 2024}}

At the time of its first release, Lemmings received several high scores from gaming magazines, with only the level of graphics and sound receiving some small amount of criticism.{{citation| title = Lemmings | publisher = ACE |date=April 1991|author =Douglas, Jim}} David Sears of Compute!, in his review of Lemmings for the PC, stated that "perhaps Psygnosis has tapped into the human instinct for survival in formulating this perfect blend of puzzle, strategy, and action."{{cite news|last=Sears |first=David |title=Lemmings |work=Compute! |page=106 |date=October 1991 |url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/compute/issue134/106_Lemmings.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731141646/http://www.atarimagazines.com/compute/issue134/106_Lemmings.php |archive-date=31 July 2012 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }} Amiga Computing stated that "Lemmings is absolutely brilliant. Psygnosis have managed to produce a game that is not only totally original, but also features the kind of addictive gameplay that will keep you coming back for more time and time again."{{cite news | last = Holborne | first = Jason | title = Lemmings | work = Amiga Computing | pages = 52–53 |date=May 1991}} A review from the Australian Commodore and Amiga Review (ACAR) stated that "above all, the concept is simple, and the game is a lot of fun."{{cite news | last = Cambell | first = Phil | title = Lemmings | work = ACAR | page = 76 |date=April 1991}} Computer Gaming World stated that "Not since Tetris has this reviewer been so addicted to, or completely fascinated with, a series of challenging puzzles ... follow the crowd and get Lemmings".{{cite news|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1991&pub=2&id=83 |title=Another Leap Forward |magazine=Computer Gaming World |date=June 1991 |access-date=10 December 2014 |last=Greenberg |first=Allen L. |pages=56, 58 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203004050/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1991&pub=2&id=83 |archive-date=3 December 2013 | issue=83}} In 1992 the magazine named it its Action Game of the Year.{{cite news|url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1992&pub=2&id=100 |title=CGW Salutes The Games of the Year |magazine=Computer Gaming World |date=November 1992 |access-date=10 December 2014 |pages=110 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702235552/http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1992&pub=2&id=100 |archive-date=2 July 2014 }} The game was reviewed in 1991 in Dragon by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars.{{cite magazine

|title=The Role of Computers|last1=Lesser|last2=Lesser|last3=Lesser|first1=Hartley|first2=Patricia|first3=Kirk|magazine=Dragon|issue=171|date=July 1991|pages=57–64}} The Lessers reviewed the Macintosh version of the game in 1993 in Dragon, also giving that version 5 stars.{{cite magazine

|title=The Role of Computers|last1=Lesser|last2=Lesser|last3=Lesser|first1=Hartley|first2=Patricia|first3=Kirk|magazine=Dragon|issue=193|date=May 1993 |pages=57–63}}

In the Finnish magazine Mikrobitti, Jukka Tapanimäki gave the Amiga and DOS versions of Lemmings 84 points of 100. He praised the game's originality but expressed criticism for it being repetitive.Mikrobitti magazine #4/1991, p. 57.Pelit autumn 1991, p. 102.PC-pelit 1991, p. 59.

In 1994, Electronic Gaming Monthly complimented the Lynx version's large number of options and password feature, and remarked, "Lemmings has always been a good strategy game, and the Lynx version continues the tradition."{{cite magazine|title=Review Crew: Lemmings|magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly|issue=56|publisher=EGM Media, LLC|date=March 1994|page=42}} The following year they reviewed the CD-i version, criticising that it has nothing but the obligatory full-motion video intro to set it apart from the numerous ports of the game that had already been released over the past four years.{{cite magazine|title=Lemmings Review|magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly|issue=69|publisher=EGM Media, LLC|date=April 1995|page=40}} GamePro made the same criticisms, commenting that "this former 16-bit puzzler isn't going anywhere new on the CD-i."{{cite magazine|title=ProReview: Lemmings|magazine=GamePro|issue=70 |date=May 1995|page=92}}

Next Generation{{'}}s review of the 3DO version assessed that "If you've played any version, you've played this one, too, but if you haven't tried it, this is one of the better ones, and it's still one game that's addictive as hell."

In 1996, Computer Gaming World declared Lemmings the 12th-best computer game ever released,{{cite magazine |author= | title=150 Best (and 50 Worst) Games of All Time | magazine=Computer Gaming World | date=November 1996 | issue=148 | page=65}} and that same year, Next Generation declared it the 8th-greatest game of all time, and "second only to Tetris" in the puzzle genre. In 2004, readers of Retro Gamer voted Lemmings as the 21st-top retro game, with the editors calling it "perhaps Psygnosis' finest hour and a turning point in the puzzle genre."Retro Gamer 9, page 57. In 1991, PC Format named Lemmings one of the 50 best computer games ever. The editors wrote, "Yes, we know it sounds stupid, but you will like it – everyone else has."{{cite magazine |author= | magazine=PC Format | title=The 50 best games EVER! |date=October 1991 | issue=1 | pages=109–111 }} In 1994, PC Gamer US named Lemmings the 30th-best computer game ever. The editors called it "one of the biggest puzzlers ever released for PC" and "cleaner and less complicated" than its sequel.{{cite magazine|author= | magazine=PC Gamer US | title=PC Gamer Top 40: The Best Games of All Time |date=August 1994 | issue=3 | pages=32–42 }} That same year, PC Gamer UK named it the 25th-best computer game of all time, calling it "a seminal title."{{cite magazine |author= | magazine=PC Gamer UK | title=The PC Gamer Top 50 PC Games of All Time |date=April 1994 | issue=5 | pages=43–56 }}

In 1998, PC Gamer declared it the 21st-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "as fresh and addictive today as it was when it was first released".{{cite magazine|author= | title=The 50 Best Games Ever | date=October 1998 | volume=5 | number=10 | magazine=PC Gamer US | page=113}} In 2018, Complex listed the game 70th on its "The Best Super Nintendo Games of All Time".{{Cite web|title=The Best Super Nintendo Games of All Time|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/the-100-best-super-nintendo-games/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Complex|language=en}} In 1995, Total! ranked the game 81st on their Top 100 SNES Games summarizing: "The game that spawned a dozen imitators is still one of the best platform puzzlers available."{{Cite journal|date=July 1995|title=Top 100 SNES Games|url=https://archive.org/details/total-43/page/n45/mode/2up|journal=Total!|issue=43|pages=47|access-date=February 25, 2022}}

File:'Lemmings' (geograph 6299611).jpg offices, in July 2013.{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-100-tech/hardware-profile/article/four-geeks-meet-and-form-worlds-richest-entertainment-franchise-77vn36fj0pd |title=Four geeks meet — and form world's richest entertainment franchise |first=Marc |last=Horne |date=2 December 2015 |website=The Times}}{{cite web |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/dundee/59842/lemmings-find-their-way-home-to-dundee-with-new-seabraes-sculptures/ |title=Lemmings find their way home to Dundee with new Seabraes sculptures |first=Graeme |last=Ogston |date=26 July 2013 |website=The Courier}}]]

Lemmings inspired several further games in the franchise, including the Christmas Lemmings short games that were released between 1991 and 1994, and the 1991 expansion Oh No! More Lemmings. Stand-alone sequels were Lemmings 2: The Tribes (1993),{{cite web|url=https://uk.ign.com/games/lemmings-2-the-tribes/pc-8946 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170227020259/http://www.ign.com/games/lemmings-2-the-tribes/pc-8946 |archive-date=27 February 2017 |title=Lemmings 2: The Tribes - PC - IGN |work=IGN |date=16 August 2013 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }} All New World of Lemmings (1994), 3D Lemmings (1995) and Lemmings Revolution (2000). By mid-1995, Lemmings and its sequels had accumulated combined sales of more than 4 million units worldwide.{{cite magazine|title=75 Power Players|magazine=Next Generation|issue=11|date=November 1995|page=68}} Two spin-off games were also made, both in 1996; Lemmings Paintball{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317044719/http://www.gamespot.com/lemmings-paintball/reviews/lemmings-paintball-review-2535685/ |url=http://www.gamespot.com/lemmings-paintball/reviews/lemmings-paintball-review-2535685/ |title=Lemmings Paintball Review |last=Soete |first=Tim |date=23 August 1996 |work=GameSpot |access-date=26 January 2015 |archive-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live}} and The Adventures of Lomax.{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/adventures-of-lomax-review/1900-2545991/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150126044950/http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/adventures-of-lomax-review/1900-2545991/ |archive-date=26 January 2015 |title=Adventures of Lomax Review |last=Sterbakov |first=Hugh |date=1 December 1996 |work=GameSpot |access-date=26 January 2015 |url-status=live }}

The intellectual property (IP) of Lemmings stayed with the initial publisher Psygnosis, who were acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment in 1993. Sony gained the IP for Lemmings from this acquisition; in 2006 a new game also titled Lemmings was released for PlayStation consoles.{{Cite web |author1=Gary_Cutlack |date=2007-05-10 |title=Lemmings - PS3 Network review |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/lemmings-ps3-network-review/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=gamesradar |language=en}}{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/lemmings-review/1900-6164476/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141210081532/http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/lemmings-review/1900-6164476/ |archive-date=10 December 2014 |title=Lemmings for PlayStation 3 Review |work=GameSpot |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=10 December 2014 |first=Kevin |last=Van Ord |url-status=live }} The next game in the franchise, Lemmings Touch, was developed by D3T and released in 2014 for PlayStation Vita.{{cite web|url=http://d3tltd.com/projects/lemmings-touch-ip-reboot-and-hd-remake/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170227014348/https://d3tltd.com/projects/lemmings-touch-ip-reboot-and-hd-remake/ |archive-date=27 February 2017 |title=Lemmings Touch – IP Reboot and HD Remake |work=D3T Ltd. |access-date=26 October 2016 |url-status=live }} Sony eventually licensed the rights to Exient Entertainment, who published a mobile game Lemmings: The Puzzle Adventure in 2018.{{cite web |url=https://www.pocketgamer.biz/news/72151/uk-dev-exient-expands-headcount/ |title=UK dev Exient expands headcount as it focuses on new license deals |last=Forde |first=Matthew |date=13 December 2019 |work=Pocket Gamer |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210917234246/https://www.pocketgamer.biz/news/72151/uk-dev-exient-expands-headcount/ |archive-date=17 September 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2021 }}{{Cite web | url = https://blog.eu.playstation.com/2018/12/20/lemmings-comes-to-mobile-devices-today/ | title = Lemmings comes to mobile devices today | first = Serken | last = Hansen | date = 20 December 2018 | access-date = 20 December 2018 | work = PlayStation Blog }} Exient produced a 30th anniversary documentary of the history of Lemmings, released in February 2022.{{cite web | url = https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2021/08/documentary-about-amiga-classic-lemmings-due-for-the-30th-anniversary/ | title = Documentary about Amiga classic Lemmings due for game's 30th anniversary | first = Matt | last = Paprocki | date = 25 August 2021 | access-date = 26 August 2021 | work =Ars Technica }}{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2022-02-14-new-documentary-film-celebrates-30th-anniversary-of-lemmings |title=Two-hour documentary film celebrates 30th anniversary of Lemmings |last=Nightingale |first=Ed |date=14 February 2022 |work=Eurogamer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214152304/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2022-02-14-new-documentary-film-celebrates-30th-anniversary-of-lemmings |archive-date=14 February 2022 |url-status=live}}

Numerous clones of Lemmings were made, including The Humans (1992) and Pingus (1998).{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Lee |archive-date=6 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041206174427/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html |url = http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html |work=CNN |title = Top 10 Linux games for the holidays |date=20 December 2000}}{{cite web | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201090819/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html | title= Top 10 Linux games for the holidays | work = CNN | first = Lee | last = Anderson | date = 20 December 2000 |archive-date=1 February 2011 | access-date = 10 December 2014 |url-status=live}} Other similar games include Clones (2009), which was described by the developed as "a multiplayer version of Lemmings".{{cite web|last=Zimmerman |first=Conrad |url=http://www.destructoid.com/preview-clones-126300.phtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728124202/http://www.destructoid.com/preview-clones-126300.phtml |archive-date=28 July 2012 |title=Preview: Clones |date=20 March 2009 |work=Destructoid |access-date=26 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}

Yannick LeJacq of Kotaku, commenting on the 2014 game MouseCraft which incorporates elements of Lemmings and Tetris, speculated that games like Lemmings would not be very successful in the current gaming market, as the pace of the game is far too slow to satisfy most players.{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/now-i-know-why-lemmings-died-1601913416 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140709212218/http://kotaku.com/now-i-know-why-lemmings-died-1601913416 |archive-date= 9 July 2014 |title=Now I Know Why Lemmings Died |date=9 July 2014 |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=Kotaku |first=Yannick |last=LeJacq |url-status=live }}

In 2004, Graham Cormode proved that deciding whether it is possible to complete a level of Lemmings is NP-hard.{{cite journal|last1=Cormode |first1=Graham |title=The hardness of the Lemmings game, or Oh no, more NP-completeness proofs |journal=In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Fun with Algorithms |date=2004 |pages=65–76 |url=http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/~graham/pubs/papers/cormodelemmings.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730064740/http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/~graham/pubs/papers/cormodelemmings.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2016 |url-status=live }} Later, Giovanni Viglietta showed that the task is PSPACE-complete, even for levels where there is only one lemming to save.{{cite journal|last1=Viglietta |first1=Giovanni |title=Lemmings Is PSPACE-Complete |journal=Theoretical Computer Science |date=2015 |volume=586 |pages=120–134 |url=http://giovanniviglietta.com/papers/lemmings2.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.tcs.2015.01.055 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812081430/http://giovanniviglietta.com/papers/lemmings2.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2016 |arxiv=1202.6581 |s2cid=1682030 }}

In 2010, it was announced that Lemmings would be ported to the iOS operating system by developer Mobile 1UP,{{cite web|url=http://www.cultofmac.com/lemmings-coming-to-iphone-ipod-touch-for-free/48457 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724035808/http://www.cultofmac.com/48457/lemmings-coming-to-iphone-ipod-touch-for-free/48457/ |archive-date=24 July 2012 |title=Lemmings Coming to iPhone and iPod Touch For Free! |work=Cult of Mac |last=Bell |first=Killian |date=25 June 2010 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }} though Sony Computer Entertainment Europe later presented them with a cease-and-desist letter, forcing them to halt development of the port.{{cite news|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/1152455/lemmings.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128020945/http://www.macworld.com/article/1152455/lemmings.html |archive-date=28 January 2013 |title=Lemmings iPhone port slapped with cease-and-desist letter |work=Macworld |last=Glasser |first=AJ |date=1 July 2010 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }} Mobile 1UP reworked the game to replace the Lemmings with humans in a prehistoric setting, and instead released the game under the name Caveman in 2011.{{cite web|url=http://appadvice.com/appnn/2011/04/walks-lemming-talks-lemming-cavemanhd-win-copy-comment |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707005331/http://appadvice.com/appnn/2011/04/walks-lemming-talks-lemming-cavemanhd-win-copy-comment |archive-date= 7 July 2012 |title=If It Walks Like A Lemming And Talks Like A Lemming It Must Be… Caveman? |last=Caplan |first=Lisa |date=13 April 2011 |work=AppAdvice |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }} Brutal Deluxe, the developer who did the porting of the Apple IIGS version of Lemmings, has released the port's source code.{{cite web|url=http://brutaldeluxe.fr/sourcecode/lemmings.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150725121604/http://brutaldeluxe.fr/sourcecode/lemmings.html |archive-date=25 July 2015 |title=Download the complete source code of the award-winning game from Psygnosis |work=Brutal Deluxe |access-date=7 October 2015 |url-status=live }}

Lemmings has also been called a predecessor of the modern real-time strategy (RTS) video game genre. A 1991 Amiga Power article claimed that Lemmings "was the first major game to introduce the 'indirect-control' concept," an element that is now common in many RTS games.{{cite magazine|title=Buyers Guide |magazine=Amiga Power |issue=8 |url=https://archive.org/stream/Amiga_Power_Issue_08_1991-12_Future_Publishing_GB#page/n109/mode/2up |pages=111–112 |date=December 1991 |access-date=25 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313225954/https://archive.org/stream/Amiga_Power_Issue_08_1991-12_Future_Publishing_GB |archive-date=13 March 2016 }} Blizzard Entertainment developer Bob Fitch said that part of the inspiration for the first Warcraft game, Warcraft: Orcs & Humans, was based on developing a competitive multiplayer RTS that combined elements of The Lost Vikings (which he had worked on) and Lemmings; Fitch said "We just went, 'Oh it's so cool when you see lots of Lemmings all over the place. Why don't we have lots of Vikings all over instead, and then the Vikings can fight each other."{{cite web | url = http://www.usgamer.net/articles/warcraft-was-conceived-in-part-thanks-to-lost-vikings-and-lemmings | title = WarCraft Was Originally Conceived in Part as "Lost Vikings Meets RTS"... And Lemmings | first = Kat | last = Bailey | date = 15 August 2017 | access-date = 6 September 2017 | work = US Gamer | archive-url = https://archive.today/20170906105422/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/warcraft-was-conceived-in-part-thanks-to-lost-vikings-and-lemmings | archive-date = 6 September 2017 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }} Lemmings{{'}} introduction of RTS elements has been noted by fantasy author Terry Pratchett; in his novel Interesting Times, an army of golems is controlled in a fashion reminiscent of the Lemmings user interface. When readers asked if this was deliberate, Pratchett responded: "Merely because the red army can fight, dig, march and climb and is controlled by little icons? Can't imagine how anyone thought that... Not only did I wipe Lemmings from my hard disk, I overwrote it so I couldn't get it back."{{cite web |url=http://www.lspace.org/books/apf/interesting-times.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804004433/http://www.lspace.org/books/apf/interesting-times.html |archive-date=4 August 2012 |title=Annotated Pratchett File v 9.0 - Interesting Times |date=1 July 2005 |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=LSpace |first=Leo |last=Breebaart |url-status=dead }}

Lemmings was one of six games featured in a stamp series issued by the Royal Mail in 2020 to pay tribute to the United Kingdom's early video game industry.{{Cite web|last1=Alex|first1=Michael|last2=er|title=FEATURE: Iconic Dundee-made video game Lemmings is first class in new Royal Mail postage stamp collection|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/entertainment/gadgets-games/1079186/feature-iconic-dundee-made-video-game-lemmings-is-first-class-in-new-royal-mail-postage-stamp-collection/|access-date=3 June 2021|website=The Courier|date=15 January 2020 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122104046/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/entertainment/gadgets-games/1079186/feature-iconic-dundee-made-video-game-lemmings-is-first-class-in-new-royal-mail-postage-stamp-collection/ |archive-date=22 January 2021 |url-status=live}}

{{Clear}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite magazine |title=Oh No! More Lemmings |page=34 |magazine=Amiga Action |issue=29 |date=February 1992 |last=Lee |first=Peter |editor-last=White |editor-first=Steve }}

{{cite magazine |title=Oh No! More Lemmings |pages=34–35 |magazine=Amiga Power |issue=9 |date=January 1992 |last=Campbell |first=Stuart |editor-last=Bielby |editor-first=Matt }}

{{cite magazine |title=Oh No! More Lemmings |pages=69–70 |magazine=CU Amiga |date=February 1992 |last=Slingsby |first=Dan |editor-last=James |editor-first=Steve }}

{{cite web|url=https://ign.com/articles/1998/10/07/lemmings-and-oh-no-more-lemmings-2 |title=Lemmings and Oh No! More Lemmings |last=Perry |first=Douglass |work=IGN |publisher=Ziff Davis |date=6 October 1998 |access-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420154754/http://www.ign.com/articles/1998/10/07/lemmings-and-oh-no-more-lemmings-2 |archive-date= 20 April 2016 |url-status=live }}

{{cite magazine |title=Oh No! More Lemmings |page=88 |magazine=ST Format |issue=32 |date=March 1992 |last=Ricketts |first=Ed |editor-last=Peers |editor-first=Nick }}

{{cite magazine |title=Holiday Lemmings |page=101 |magazine=Amiga Format |issue=55 |date=January 1994 |last=Mead |first=Ed |editor-last=Dyson |editor-first=Marcus }}

{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/the-12-days-of-last-christmas-article |title=The 12 Days of Last Christmas |work=Eurogamer |publisher=Gamer Network |date=21 December 2007 |access-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407164948/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/the-12-days-of-last-christmas-article |archive-date= 7 April 2016 |url-status=live }}

{{cite web|url=http://au.pcmag.com/console-games-products/27101/feature/the-best-christmas-video-games-ever |title=The Best Christmas Video Games Ever |last=Greenwald |first=Will |work=PC Magazine |date=24 December 2014 |access-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507185259/http://au.pcmag.com/console-games-products/27101/feature/the-best-christmas-video-games-ever |archive-date= 7 May 2016 |url-status=live }}

}}

{{Spoken Wikipedia|EN-Lemmings(VideoGame).ogg|date=31 May 2009}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Lemmings (video game)}}
• {{moby game|id=/lemmings|name=Lemmings}}
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbAVNKdk9gA Lemmings: Can You Dig It?] documentary by Exient
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFJr8JRG4LI They made a soundtrack of copyright-free music], a YouTube video documentary regarding the soundtrack of Lemmings

{{Portal bar|1990s|Mammals|Speculative fiction|Video games}}

{{Lemmings series|state=expanded}}

{{Rockstar North}}

{{Sunsoft}}

{{Authority control}}

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