Lev Chugaev#Contributions to coordination chemistry

{{Short description|Russian chemist (1873–1922)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}

{{Infobox scientist

|name = Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev

|image = Lev Chugaev 1910s.jpg

|image_size =

|caption =

|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1873|10|16}}

|birth_place = Moscow, Russian Empire

|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1922|9|26|1873|10|16}}

|death_place = Gryazovets, Russian SFSR

|residence =

|nationality =

|alma_mater = University of Moscow

|doctoral_advisor =

|doctoral_students = Vyacheslav Lebedinsky

|known_for = Chugaev reaction

|footnotes =

|field =

|work_institution = University of Moscow
University of Saint Petersburg

|prizes =

|religion =

}}Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev ({{langx|ru|Лев Алекса́ндрович Чуга́ев}}; 16 October 1873 – 26 September 1922) was a Russian chemist. At the height of his career, he was professor of chemistry at the University of Petersburg, being the successor to Dmitri Mendeleev. He was active in the fields of inorganic chemistry, especially platinum group complexes, as well as organic chemistry.{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B. |title=Terpenes to Platinum: The Chemical Career of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|doi=10.1021/ed040p656|journal= J. Chem. Educ.|year= 1963| volume =40|issue=12|pages=656–665|bibcode=1963JChEd..40..656K}}{{cite journal|author=Kauffman, G. B.|title=A Russian Pioneer in Platinum Metals Research The Life and Work of Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev|url=http://www.technology.matthey.com/pdf/pmr-v17-i4-144-148.pdf|journal=Platinum Metals Rev.|year=1973|volume=17|pages=144–148|doi=10.1595/003214073X174144148 |access-date=30 June 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062620/http://www.technology.matthey.com/pdf/pmr-v17-i4-144-148.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite journal

| title = Obituary notices: Frederick James Lloyd, 1852–1922; Georg Lunge, 1839–1923; Alexander Smith, 1865–1922; Jokichi Takamine, 1855–1922; Leo Alexandrovitsch Tschugaev, 1873–1922; Frank Edwin Weston, 1867–1923

|author1=J. A. Voelcker |author2=A. Harden |author3=T. M. Lowry |author4=Percival J. Fryer | journal = J. Chem. Soc., Trans.

| volume = 123

| pages = 946–959

| year = 1923

| doi = 10.1039/CT9232300946}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=pCZLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA956 online text for pages 956–958] He is also known as Leo Aleksandrovich Tschugaeff or Tschugaev.

Contributions to coordination chemistry

Chugaev discovered that dimethylglyoxime forms a scarlet solid upon reaction with nickel(II) ions. This reaction was one of the first "spot tests" for a metal ion. An adherent to the theories of Alfred Werner, Chugaev made several contributions to the chemistry of platinum. The salt [Pt(NH3)5Cl]Cl3 containing the chloropentammineplatinum(IV) ion, is called "Chugaev's salt".{{cite journal|author1=Yusenko, K.V. |author2=Zadesenets, A.V. |author3=Baidina, I.A. |author4=Shubin, Yu.V. |author5=Vasil'chenko, D.B. |author6=Korenev, S. V. |title=Re-determination of the crystal structure and investigation of thermal decomposition of Chugaev's salt, (Pt(NH3)5Cl)Cl3·(H2O)|doi=10.1007/s10947-006-0362-0|journal= Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii |year=2006| volume =47|pages=749–753|s2cid=95853330 }} Other complexes prepared in his laboratory include [Pt(SEt2)4][PtCl4], [Pt(NH3)5OH]Cl3, [Os(SC(NH2)2)6]Cl3.H2O.

Chugaev also studied complexes of hydrazine. One of his complexes, since also called Chugaev's salt, was the product of the reaction of platinum(II) salts with methyl isocyanide and hydrazine.{{cite journal|author=Chugaev, L. |author2=Skanavy Grigorieva, M. |author3=Posniak, A. |title=Über Die Hydrazin-Carbylamin-Komplexe des Platins|journal= Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.|year= 1925|volume=148|pages=37–42| doi=10.1002/zaac.19251480105}} After many decades, this compound was shown to be a carbene complex, probably the first metal carbene complex ever reported.{{cite journal|author=Rouschias, G. |author2=Shaw, B. L. |title=A revised structure for Chugaev's salt [PtC8H15N6]xClx|journal= J. Chem. Soc. D|year= 1970|issue=3 |pages= 183|doi=10.1039/C29700000183}}

Contributions to organic chemistry

He discovered the Chugaev reaction during his work on thujene and terpene.

References