Liang (mass)

File:Hong kong weight standards 2.jpg (in red), traditional Chinese unit (in green) and British Imperial Units (in blue)]]

Liang ({{zh|s=两 |t=兩 |p=liǎng}}), or leung in Cantonese, also called "Chinese ounce" or "tael"{{efn| "tael" is a borrowing from the Portuguese translation of Chinese measure unit word "兩", before Pinyin and Jyutping Romanizations were available.{{cite web |title=tael |publisher=Oxford English Dictionary |access-date=2025-04-30 |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/tael_n?tab=factsheet&tl=true#19139202}}}}, is a traditional Chinese unit for weight measurement. It originated in China before being introduced to neighboring countries in East Asia.

Nowaday, the mass of 1 liang equals 1/10 jin or 50 grams in mainland China, 37.5 grams in Taiwan, Korea and Thailand,

[http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2001/appendix6.htm Weights and Measures in Use in Taiwan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229224604/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2001/appendix6.htm# |date=2010-12-29}} from the Republic of China Yearbook – Taiwan 2001.{{Cite web |title=Regulation on Approval and Notification of Herbal (crude) Medicinal Preparations, Etc. |url=https://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/brd/m_27/down.do?brd_id=eng0005&seq=70932&data_tp=A&file_seq=2 |website=Ministry of Food and Drug Safety}}

37.799 grams in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia,{{Cite web |title=Weights and Measures Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap68!en?xpid=ID_1438403555032_004 |website=Laws of Hong Kong}}{{Cite web |title=Weights and Measures Act |url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WMA1975#Sc3- |website=Statutes of the Republic of Singapore}}{{Cite web |title=Weights and Measures Act 1972 |url=http://www.kpdnkk.gov.my/akta-timbang-dan-sukat-1972 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182503/http://www.kpdnkk.gov.my/akta-timbang-dan-sukat-1972 |archive-date=2014-02-01 |website=Laws of Malaysia}} and 37.8 grams in Vietnam.

Liang is mostly used in the traditional markets, and famous for measuring gold, silver and Chinese medicines.

{{cite web |title=1959 Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China|lang=zh |publisher=Central Government of the People's Republic of China |url=http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1988933.htm }}, [http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1959/gwyb195916.pdf No. 180], pages 311 to 312

China Mainland

= Chinese mass units promulgated in 1915 =

On 7 January 1915, the Beiyang government promulgated a measurement law to use not only metric system as the standard but also a set of Chinese-style measures based directly on the Qing dynasty definitions ({{lang|zh|营造尺库平制}}).{{citation |contribution-url=http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/eng/detail.jsp?sysid=D1500002 |contribution=權度法 [Quándù Fǎ] |title=政府公報 [Zhèngfǔ Gōngbào, Government Gazette] |location=Beijing |volume=957 |publisher=Office of the President |date=7 January 1915 |pages=85–94 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|zh}}

class="wikitable" \|+ Table of Chinese mass units promulgated in 1915
Pinyin !Character !Relative value !Metric value !Imperial value !Notes
align=center\|háo \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|毫}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|{{val\|10000}}}} \|align=right\|3.7301 mg \|align=right\|0.0001316 oz \|align=right\|
align=center\|lí \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|釐}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|1000}} \|align=right\|37.301 mg \|align=right\|0.001316 oz \|align=left\|cash
align=center\|fēn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|分}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|100}} \|align=right\|373.01 mg \|align=right\|0.01316 oz \|align=left\|candareen
align=center\|qián \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|錢}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|10}} \|align=right\|3.7301 g \|align=right\|0.1316 oz \|align=left\|mace or Chinese dram
align=center\|*liǎng* \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|兩}} \|align=right\|1 \|align=right\|37.301 g \|align=right\|1.316 oz \|align=left\|tael or Chinese ounce
align=center\|jīn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|斤}} \|align=right\|16 \|align=right\|596.816 g \|align=right\|1.316 lb \|align=left\|catty or Chinese pound

class="wikitable"

|+ Table of Chinese mass units promulgated in 1915

Pinyin

!Character

!Relative value

!Metric value

!Imperial value

!Notes

align=center|háo

|align=right|{{lang|zh|毫}}

|align=right|{{frac|{{val|10000}}}}

|align=right|3.7301 mg

|align=right|0.0001316 oz

|align=right|

align=center|lí

|align=right|{{lang|zh|釐}}

|align=right|{{frac|1000}}

|align=right|37.301 mg

|align=right|0.001316 oz

|align=left|cash

align=center|fēn

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|分}}

|align=right|{{frac|100}}

|align=right|373.01 mg

|align=right|0.01316 oz

|align=left|candareen

align=center|qián

|align=right|{{lang|zh|錢}}

|align=right|{{frac|10}}

|align=right|3.7301 g

|align=right|0.1316 oz

|align=left|mace or Chinese dram

align=center|liǎng

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|兩}}

|align=right|1

|align=right|37.301 g

|align=right|1.316 oz

|align=left|tael or Chinese ounce

align=center|jīn

|align=right|{{lang|zh|斤}}

|align=right|16

|align=right|596.816 g

|align=right|1.316 lb

|align=left|catty or Chinese pound

where liang is the base unit equal to 37.301 grams.

=Mass units in the Republic of China since 1930=

On 16 February 1929, the Nationalist government adopted and promulgated The Weights and Measures Act{{Cite web |url=http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=J0100052 |title=The Weights and Measures Act: Legislative History |publisher=Ministry of Justice (Republic of China)}} to adopt the metric system as the official standard and to limit the newer Chinese units of measurement to private sales and trade, effective on 1 January 1930. These newer "market" units are based on rounded metric numbers. And jin became the base unit.{{Cite web|url=http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01926/0192618020200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425025351/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01926/0192618020200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-25 |title=The Weights and Measures Act (1929) |publisher=Legislative Yuan }}

class="wikitable" \|+ Table of mass units in the Republic of China since 1930
Pinyin !Character !Relative value !Metric value !Imperial value !Notes
align=center\|sī \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|絲}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|{{val\|1600000}}}} \|align=right\|312.5 μg \|align=right\|{{val\|0.00001102\|u=oz}} \|align=left\|
align=center\|háo \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|毫}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|{{val\|160000}}}} \|align=right\|3.125 mg \|align=right\|{{val\|0.0001102\|u=oz}} \|align=left\|
align=center\|lí \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|市釐}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|{{val\|16000}}}} \|align=right\|31.25 mg \|align=right\|{{val\|0.001102\|u=oz}} \|align=left\|cash
align=center\|fēn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|市分}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|1600}} \|align=right\|312.5 mg \|align=right\|{{val\|0.01102\|u=oz}} \|align=left\|candareen
align=center\|qián \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|市錢}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|160}} \|align=right\|3.125 g \|align=right\|0.1102 oz \|align=left\|mace or Chinese dram
align=center\|*liǎng* \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|市兩}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|16}} \|align=right\|31.25 g \|align=right\|1.102 oz \|align=left\|tael or Chinese ounce
align=center\|jīn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|市斤}} \|align=right\|1 \|align=right\|500 g \|align=right\|1.102 lb \|align=left\|catty or Chinese pound
align=center\|dàn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|擔}} \|align=right\|100 \|align=right\|50 kg \|align=right\|110.2 lb \|align=left\|picul or Chinese hundredweight

class="wikitable"

|+ Table of mass units in the Republic of China since 1930

Pinyin

!Character

!Relative value

!Metric value

!Imperial value

!Notes

align=center|sī

|align=right|{{lang|zh|絲}}

|align=right|{{frac|{{val|1600000}}}}

|align=right|312.5 μg

|align=right|{{val|0.00001102|u=oz}}

|align=left|

align=center|háo

|align=right|{{lang|zh|毫}}

|align=right|{{frac|{{val|160000}}}}

|align=right|3.125 mg

|align=right|{{val|0.0001102|u=oz}}

|align=left|

align=center|lí

|align=right|{{lang|zh|市釐}}

|align=right|{{frac|{{val|16000}}}}

|align=right|31.25 mg

|align=right|{{val|0.001102|u=oz}}

|align=left|cash

align=center|fēn

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市分}}

|align=right|{{frac|1600}}

|align=right|312.5 mg

|align=right|{{val|0.01102|u=oz}}

|align=left|candareen

align=center|qián

|align=right|{{lang|zh|市錢}}

|align=right|{{frac|160}}

|align=right|3.125 g

|align=right|0.1102 oz

|align=left|mace or Chinese dram

align=center|liǎng

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市兩}}

|align=right|{{frac|16}}

|align=right|31.25 g

|align=right|1.102 oz

|align=left|tael or Chinese ounce

align=center|jīn

|align=right|{{lang|zh|市斤}}

|align=right|1

|align=right|500 g

|align=right|1.102 lb

|align=left|catty or Chinese pound

align=center|dàn

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|擔}}

|align=right|100

|align=right|50 kg

|align=right|110.2 lb

|align=left|picul or Chinese hundredweight

where one liang is equal to 1/16 of a jin, or 31.25 grams.

=Mass units in the People's Republic of China since 1959=

On June 25, 1959, the State Council of the People's Republic of China issued the "Order on the Unified Measurement System", retaining the market measure system, with the statement of "The market system originally stated that sixteen liangs are equal to one jin. Due to the trouble of conversion, it should be changed to ten liangs per jin. "{{Cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2005-01/10/content_2440001.htm |title=国务院关于统一我国计量制度的命令 (Order of the State Council on unifying my country's measurement system)|access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2010-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206082614/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2005-01/10/content_2440001.htm }}

class="wikitable" \|+ Table of mass units in the People's Republic of China since 1959
Pinyin !Character{{in lang\|zh}} [http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1988933.htm 1959 Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China], [http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1959/gwyb195916.pdf No. 180], page 316 !Relative value !Metric value !Imperial value !Notes
align=center\|lí \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|市厘}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|{{val\|10000}}}} \|align=right\|50 mg \|align=right\|{{val\|0.001764\|u=oz}} \|align=left\|cash
align=center\|fēn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|市分}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|1000}} \|align=right\|500 mg \|align=right\|{{val\|0.01764\|u=oz}} \|align=left\|candareen
align=center\|qián \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|市錢}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|100}} \|align=right\|5 g \|align=right\|0.1764 oz \|align=left\|mace or Chinese dram
align=center\|*liǎng* \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|市兩}} \|align=right\|{{frac\|10}} \|align=right\|50 g \|align=right\|1.764 oz \|align=left\|tael or Chinese ounce
align=center\|jīn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh\|市斤}} \|align=right\|1 \|align=right\|500 g \|align=right\|1.102 lb \|align=left\|catty or Chinese pound formerly 16 liang = 1 jin
align=center\|dàn \|align=right\|{{lang\|zh-hant\|市擔}} \|align=right\|100 \|align=right\|50 kg \|align=right\|110.2 lb \|align=left\|picul or Chinese hundredweight

class="wikitable"

|+ Table of mass units in the People's Republic of China since 1959

Pinyin

!Character{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1988933.htm 1959 Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China], [http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1959/gwyb195916.pdf No. 180], page 316

!Relative value

!Metric value

!Imperial value

!Notes

align=center|lí

|align=right|{{lang|zh|市厘}}

|align=right|{{frac|{{val|10000}}}}

|align=right|50 mg

|align=right|{{val|0.001764|u=oz}}

|align=left|cash

align=center|fēn

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市分}}

|align=right|{{frac|1000}}

|align=right|500 mg

|align=right|{{val|0.01764|u=oz}}

|align=left|candareen

align=center|qián

|align=right|{{lang|zh|市錢}}

|align=right|{{frac|100}}

|align=right|5 g

|align=right|0.1764 oz

|align=left|mace or Chinese dram

align=center|liǎng

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市兩}}

|align=right|{{frac|10}}

|align=right|50 g

|align=right|1.764 oz

|align=left|tael or Chinese ounce

align=center|jīn

|align=right|{{lang|zh|市斤}}

|align=right|1

|align=right|500 g

|align=right|1.102 lb

|align=left|catty or Chinese pound
formerly 16 liang = 1 jin

align=center|dàn

|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市擔}}

|align=right|100

|align=right|50 kg

|align=right|110.2 lb

|align=left|picul or Chinese hundredweight

Legally, 1 jin equals 500 grams, and 10 liangs equals 1 jin (that is, 1 liang equals 50 grams). The traditional Chinese medicine measurement system remains unchanged.

Taiwan

In 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan from China. The Japanese implemented the metric system, but the Taiwanese still followed their own habits and continued to use the old weights and measures of the Qing Dynasty. 1 Taiwan liang is equal to 37.5 grams, or 1/16 Taiwan jin.

{{cite book|author1-link=Tonio Andrade |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |year=2005 |title=How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century |url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/ |publisher=Columbia University Press |chapter=Appendix A: Weights, Measures, and Exchange Rates |chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/appA.html }}

Taiwanese Hokkien	Hakka	Mandarin	Character !Legal	Decimal	Exact	Approx.
class=wikitable \|+ Table of units of mass in Taiwan !colspan=4\|Unit!!rowspan=2\|Relative value !colspan=2\| Metric!!colspan=2\| US & Imperial!!rowspan=2\|Notes
Lî	Lî	Lí	align=center\| {{large\|{{lang\|zh-tw\|釐}}}}	align=right\| {{frac\|1000}} \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|3\|80,000}}{{nbsp}}kg	align=right\| 37.5{{nbsp}}mg \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|3750\|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}lb	align=right\| 0.5787{{nbsp}}gr \|Cash; Same as Japanese Rin
Hun	Fûn	Fēn	align=center\| {{large\|{{lang\|zh-tw\|分}}}}	align=right\| {{frac\|100}} \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|3\|8000}}{{nbsp}}kg	align=right\| 375{{nbsp}}mg \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|37,500\|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}lb	align=right\| 5.787{{nbsp}}gr \|Candareen; Same as Japanese Fun
Chîⁿ	Chhièn	Qián	align=center\| {{large\|{{lang\|zh-tw\|錢}}}}	align=right\| {{frac\|10}} \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|3\|800}}{{nbsp}}kg	align=right\| 3.75{{nbsp}}g \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|375,000\|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}lb	align=right\| 2.116{{nbsp}}dr \|Mace; Same as Japanese Momme ({{lang\|ja\|匁}})
Niú	Liông	Liǎng	align=center\| {{large\|{{lang\|zh-tw\|兩}}}}	align=right\| 1 \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|3\|80}}{{nbsp}}kg	align=right\| 37.5{{nbsp}}g \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|3,750,000\|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}lb	align=right\| 21.16{{nbsp}}dr \|Tael
Kin/Kun	Kîn	Jīn	align=center\| {{large\|{{lang\|zh-tw\|斤}}}}	align=right\| 16 \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|3\|5}}{{nbsp}}kg	align=right\| 600{{nbsp}}g \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|60,000,000\|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}lb	align=right\| 1.323{{nbsp}}lb \|Catty; Same as Japanese Kin
Tàⁿ	Tâm	Dàn	align=center\| {{large\|{{lang\|zh-tw\|擔}}}}	align=right\| 1600 \| colspan=2 align=right\| 60{{nbsp}}kg \|align=right\| {{sfrac\|6,000,000,000\|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}lb	align=right\| 132.3{{nbsp}}lb \|Picul; Same as Japanese Tan

where liang is the base unit.

Hong Kong and Macau

= Hong Kong and Macau mass units =

Currently, Hong Kong law stipulates that one liang is equal to 1/16 jin, which is 37.79936375 grams.

class="wikitable"

|+ Table of Chinese mass units in Hong Kong

and MacauLaw No. 14/92/M ({{in lang|zh}} {{lang|zh|[http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/92/34/lei14_cn.asp 第14/92/M號法律]}}; {{in lang|pt}} [http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/92/34/lei14.asp Lei n.^o 14/92/M])

!Jyutping

!Character

!English

!Portuguese

!Relative value

!Relation to the Traditional Chinese Units (Macau)

!Metric value

!Imperial value

!Notes

align="right" | lei4

| align="right" | {{lang|zh|厘}}

| align="center" | li (cash)

|align=right| liz

|align=right| {{frac|{{val|16000}}}}

|{{frac|10}} condorim

| align="right" | {{val|37.79931|u=mg}}

|align=right| {{val|0.02133|u=dr}}

|align=left|

align="right" | fan1

| align="right" | {{lang|zh-hant|分}}

| align="center" | fen (fan, candareen)

|align=right| condorim

|align=right| {{frac|1600}}

|{{frac|10}} maz

| align="right" | {{val|377.9936375|u=mg}}

|align=right| 0.2133 dr

|align=left|

align="right" | cin4

| align="right" | {{lang|zh|錢}}

| align="center" | qian (tsin, mace)

|align=right| maz

|align=right| {{frac|160}}

|{{frac|10}} tael

| align="right" | {{val|3.779936375|u=g}}

|align=right| 2.1333 dr

|align=left|

align="right" | loeng2

| align="right" | {{lang|zh-hant|兩}}

| align="center" | liang (leung, tael)

|align=right| tael

|align=right| {{frac|16}}

|{{frac|16}} cate

| align="right" | {{val|37.79936375|u=g}}

|align=right| 1.3333 oz

|align=left| 604.78982/16=37.79936375

align="right" | gan1

| align="right" | {{lang|zh|斤}}

| align="center" | jin (gan, catty)

|align=right| cate

|align=right| 1

|{{frac|100}} pico

| align="right" | 604.78982 g

|align=right| 1.3333 lb

|align=left| Hong Kong and Macau share the definition.

align="right" | daam3

| align="right" | {{lang|zh-hant|擔}}

| align="center" | dan (tam, picul)

|align=right| pico

|align=right| 100

|None

| align="right" | 60.478982 kg

|align=right| 133.3333 lb

|align=left| Hong Kong and Macau share the definition.

Similarly, Singapore law stipulates that one jin is also equal to sixteen liangs or 0.6048 kilograms, and one liang equals to 37.799 g. Malaysia has the same regulations as it is a former British colony.

= Hong Kong troy units =

These are used for trading precious metals such as gold and silver.

class="wikitable"

|+ Table of mass (Hong Kong troy) units[https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap68 Cap. 68 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ORDINANCE]

!English

!Character

!Relative value

!Metric value

!Imperial value

!Notes

align=center| fen (candareen) troy

|align=right| {{lang|zh-hant|金衡分}}

|align=right| {{frac|100}}

|align=right| 374.29 mg

|align=right| 0.096 drt

|align=left|

align=center |qian (mace) troy

|align=right| {{lang|zh|金衡錢}}

|align=right| {{frac|10}}

|align=right| 3.7429 g

|align=right| 0.96 drt

|align=left|

align=center| liang (tael) troy

|align=right| {{lang|zh-hant|金衡兩}}

|align=right| 1

|align=right| 37.429 g

|align=right| 1.2 ozt

|align=left|

Korea

The base unit of Korean weight is the gwan.* {{citation |last=Kim |first=Jun Hee |contribution=Taking Measure |title=Invest Korea Journal |volume=25 |date=March 2007 |location=Seoul |publisher=Korea Trade–Investment Promotion Agency }} One liang (兩, Korean ounce) is 1/100 of a gwan, or 37.5 g (1.32 oz).

class="wikitable" \|+ Table of mass units in Korea ! colspan="3" \|Romanization ! rowspan="2" \|Korean ! rowspan="2" \|English ! colspan="3" \|Equivalents
RR !MR !Other !Gwan !Other countries !Global
Ho \|Ho \| \|{{lang\|ko\|호}}({{lang\|ko\|毫}}) \| rowspan="2" \| \| rowspan="2" \|{{Frac\|1\|1,000,000}} \| rowspan="2" \| \| rowspan="2" \|{{Convert\|3.75\|mg\|abbr=on}}
Mo \|Mo \| \|{{lang\|ko\|모}}({{lang\|ko\|毛}})
Ri \|Ri \| \|{{lang\|ko\|리}}({{lang\|ko\|釐}}/{{lang\|ko\|厘}}) \|li \|{{Frac\|1\|100,000}} \| \|{{Convert\|0.0375\|g\|abbr=on}}
Pun \|P'un \| \|{{lang\|ko\|푼}} \| rowspan="2" \|fen \| rowspan="2" \|{{Frac\|1\|10,000}} \| rowspan="2" \| \| rowspan="2" \|{{Convert\|0.375\|g\|abbr=on}}
Bun \|Pun \| \|{{lang\|ko\|분}}({{lang\|ko\|分}})
Don \|Ton \| \|{{lang\|ko\|돈}} \| \|{{Frac\|1\|1,000}} \|Momme \|{{Convert\|3.75\|g\|abbr=on}}
Nyang \|Nyang \|Ryang{{cite book\|last=Grayson \|first=James Huntley \|title=Myths and Legends from Korea: An Annotated Compendium of Ancient and Modern Materials \|publisher=Routledge \|location=Abingdon \|year=2001 \|isbn=9780700712410 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DaA-AW6lAdwC\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DaA-AW6lAdwC&pg=PA219 219]}} Yang{{cite web \|title=World Weights and Measures: Handbook for Statisticians \|url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001478405 \|series=ST/STAT/SER. M/21, UN Publication No. 1955.XVII.2 \|publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations \|location = New York, NY \|year = 1955 \|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030989050;view=1up;seq=91 III-59]}}. \|{{lang\|ko\|냥}}({{lang\|ko\|兩}}) \|liang (Korean ounce) \|{{Frac\|1\|100}} \|Tael \|{{Convert\|37.5\|g\|abbr=on}}
Geun \|Kŭn \|Keun Kon{{harvp\|Rowlett\|2002\|loc="[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictK.html K]"}}{{citation \|last=Rowlett \|first=Russ \|publisher=University of North Carolina \|location=Chapel Hill \|date=2002 \|title=How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement \|url=https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/index.html }} \|{{lang\|ko\|근}}({{lang\|ko\|斤}}) \|jin (Korean pound) \|{{Frac\|4\|25}} (meat), {{Frac\|1\|10}} (others) \|Jin, Catty \|{{Convert\|600\|g\|abbr=on}} (meat),{{Convert\|375\|g\|abbr=on}} (others)
Gwan \|Kwan \| \|{{lang\|ko\|관}}({{lang\|ko\|貫}}) \| \|1 \| \|{{Convert\|3.75\|kg\|abbr=on}}

class="wikitable"

|+ Table of mass units in Korea

! colspan="3" |Romanization

! rowspan="2" |Korean

! rowspan="2" |English

! colspan="3" |Equivalents

!MR

!Other

!Gwan

!Other countries

!Global

|Ho

|{{lang|ko|호}}({{lang|ko|毫}})

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" |{{Frac|1|1,000,000}}

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" |{{Convert|3.75|mg|abbr=on}}

|Mo

|{{lang|ko|모}}({{lang|ko|毛}})

|Ri

|{{lang|ko|리}}({{lang|ko|釐}}/{{lang|ko|厘}})

|li

|{{Frac|1|100,000}}

|{{Convert|0.0375|g|abbr=on}}

Pun

|P'un

|{{lang|ko|푼}}

| rowspan="2" |fen

| rowspan="2" |{{Frac|1|10,000}}

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" |{{Convert|0.375|g|abbr=on}}

Bun

|Pun

|{{lang|ko|분}}({{lang|ko|分}})

Don

|Ton

|{{lang|ko|돈}}

|{{Frac|1|1,000}}

|Momme

|{{Convert|3.75|g|abbr=on}}

Nyang

|Nyang

|Ryang{{cite book|last=Grayson |first=James Huntley |title=Myths and Legends from Korea: An Annotated Compendium of Ancient and Modern Materials |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |year=2001 |isbn=9780700712410 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DaA-AW6lAdwC|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DaA-AW6lAdwC&pg=PA219 219]}} Yang{{cite web |title=World Weights and Measures: Handbook for Statisticians |url = https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001478405 |series=ST/STAT/SER. M/21, UN Publication No. 1955.XVII.2 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location = New York, NY |year = 1955 |p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030989050;view=1up;seq=91 III-59]}}.

|{{lang|ko|냥}}({{lang|ko|兩}})

|liang (Korean ounce)

|{{Frac|1|100}}

|Tael

|{{Convert|37.5|g|abbr=on}}

Geun

|Kŭn

|Keun Kon{{harvp|Rowlett|2002|loc="[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictK.html K]"}}{{citation |last=Rowlett |first=Russ |publisher=University of North Carolina |location=Chapel Hill |date=2002 |title=How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement |url=https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/index.html }}

|{{lang|ko|근}}({{lang|ko|斤}})

|jin (Korean pound)

|{{Frac|4|25}} (meat),

{{Frac|1|10}} (others)

|Jin, Catty

|{{Convert|600|g|abbr=on}} (meat),{{Convert|375|g|abbr=on}} (others)

Gwan

|Kwan

|{{lang|ko|관}}({{lang|ko|貫}})

|{{Convert|3.75|kg|abbr=on}}

Vietnam

In Vietnam, the unit of liang is called "lang": 1 lang is equal to 37.8 grams by traditional value, and 100 grams by modern value.

{{cite web|title=Vietnam, units of mass|work=Sizes|publisher=Sizes, Inc|date=2005-12-28|url=http://www.sizes.com/units/charts/UTBLVietnam_wts.htm}}

Name in Chữ Quốc ngữ	Hán/Nôm name	Traditional value	Traditional conversion	Modern value	Modern conversion
class="wikitable" \|+ Early 20th-century units of weight
tấn	擯	604.5 kg	10 tạ	{{nobr\|1 000}} kg	10 tạ
quân{{cite book\|title=Manuel de conversation française-annamite\|trans-title=French-Annamite conversation manual\|location=Saigon\|publisher=Imprimerie de la Mission\|year=1911\|pages=175–178\|language=fr}}		302.25 kg	5 tạ	500 kg	obsolete
tạ	榭	60.45 kg	10 yến	100 kg	10 yến
bình		30.225 kg	5 yến	50 kg	obsolete
yến		6.045 kg	10 cân	10 kg	10 cân
cân (jin)	斤	604.5 g	16 lạng	1 kg	10 lạng
nén		378 g	10 lạng
*lạng (liang)*	兩	37.8 g	10 đồng	100 g
đồng or tiền (qian)	錢	3.78 g	10 phân
phân	分	0.38 g	10 ly
ly or li	厘	37.8 mg	10 hào
hào	毫	3.8 mg	10 ti
ti	絲	0.4 mg	10 hốt
hốt	忽	0.04 mg	10 vi
vi	微	0.004 mg

For more information on the Chinese mass measurement system, please see article Jin (mass).

Compounds

wikt:幾斤幾兩 (jǐjīnjǐliǎng)
wikt:半斤八兩 (bànjīnbāliǎng)
wikt:缺斤少兩 (quējīnshǎoliǎng)
wikt:銀兩 (yínliǎng)

Notes

References

External links

中國度量衡#衡 (in Chinese)
市制 (in Chinese)
兩 (in Chinese)

Category:Units of mass

Category:Chinese units of measurement

Category:Customary units of measurement

Liang (mass)

China Mainland

= Chinese mass units promulgated in 1915 =

=Mass units in the Republic of China since 1930=

=Mass units in the People's Republic of China since 1959=

Taiwan

Hong Kong and Macau

= Hong Kong and Macau mass units =

= Hong Kong troy units =

Korea

Vietnam

Compounds

See also

Notes

References

External links